CHAPTER 22-23
(Mr. Joseph Esteban Aldous)
CHAPTER 23: EXILE IN DAPITAN
Exile in dapitan – albert Martinez
DAPITAN
● a remote town in Mindanao under the missionary
jurisdiction of the Jesuits
● where Rizal stayed from July 17, 1892- July 31,
1896
● time na nanalo ng lotto kaya mayaman
HIS ACHIEVEMENTS
● practiced medicine
● pursued scientific studies
● continued his artistic and literary works
● established a school for boys
o 22 students
● Promoted community development projects
● Invented a wooden machine for making bricks
● Engaged in farming and commerce
BEGINNING OF EXILE IN DAPITAN
● The letter from Fr. Pablo Pastells to Fr. Antonio
Obach (kuraparoko ng dapitan) contained the
following conditions in order for Rizal to be able to
stay and live at the Spanish convent in Dapitan
1. Rizal publicly retracts his errors concerning
religion and make statements that are clearly
pro Spanish and against revolution
2. He performs church rites and make a general
confession of all his sins
3. He conduct himself in an exemplary manner as
a Spanish subject and a man of religion
● Hindi sumunod si rizal
● A Don Ricardo Carcinero – the poem Rizal wrote for
Carcinero on August 26,1892 to commemorate the
captain’s birthday
● Rizal and Carcinero became good friends and
Carcinero allowed Rizal to roam around dapitan and
to ride his chestnut horse
WINS IN MANILA LOTTERY
● September 21, 1892 – the boat “Butuan” brought to
Dapitan the happy tidings that the lottery ticket
#9736 jointly owned by Carcinero, Rizal and
Francisco Esquilior won 2nd prize of 20,000 in the
government owned Manila lottery
o Bakit tatlo may ari (doubtful)
● Rizal got 6,200 and gave 2,000 to Don Francisco
and 200 to Jose Maria Basa in Hong Kong
RIZAL-PASTELLS DEBATE ON RELIGION
● Started when Fr. Pastells sent him a book by Sarda
with advice that Rizal should deposit from his
foolishness in viewing religion from the prism of
individual judgement and self-esteem
o Intelligent debate
● Rizal’s letters revealed his anti-Catholic ideas which
he acquired in Europe and embitterment at his
persecution by the bad friars. According to him
individual judgement is a gift from God, and
everybody should use it like a lantern to show the
way and that self-esteem, if moderated by
judgement saves man from unworthy acts
● According to Pastells Divine Faith supersedes
everything, including reason, self-esteem and
individual judgement. He refuted the attacks on
catholic dogmas as misconception of rationalism
and naturalism, errors of misguided sould
● Inspite of their religious difference they remained
friends.
● Imitacion de Cristo (Imitation of Christ) – written by
Fr. Thomas a Kempin, a copy of which is a gift
given by Pastells to Dr. Jose Rizal
o Despite not agreeing with Pastell’s
religious interpretation Rizal still continued
to go to mass and celebrate religious
fiestas in the catholic way
● Mr. Juan Lardet – a businessman who purchases
many logs from the lands of Rizal
● It so happened that some of the logs were of poor
quality
● Lardet wrote a letter to Antonio Miranda, a friend of
Rizal stating that “if he were a truthful man, he
would have told me that the lumber not included in
the account were bad.”
o Nagpapaganda si Antonio Miranda,
sinumbong na panget daw yung logs ni
Rizal
RIZAL CHALLENGES A FRENCHMEN TO A DUEL
● Miranda forwarded the letter to Rizal who, because
fo sensitivity flared with anger and challenged
Lardet to a duel
● Carcinero heard the incident and advised Larde to
apologize rather than accept the challenge for Rizal
is a master of martial arts, fencing and pistol
shooting
● March 30, 1893 – Lardet wrote a letter of Apology to
Rizal and the duel did not push through
RIZAL AND FATHER SANCHEZ
● In an effort to bring Rizal back to Catholicism,
Pastells instructed Fr. Antonio Obach (Dapitan) and
Fr. Jose Vilaclara (Dipolog) to do the same
● He assigned Fr. Francisco de Paula Sanchez to
Dapitan (favorite prof at Ateneo)
● Fr. De Paula Sanchez – was the only priest who
publicly defended Noli me Tangere
● Upon setting foot in Dapitan he immediately met his
former favorite student. However despite all his
efforts Rizal remained steadfast to his belief
regarding the Catholic religion
● On Sanchez’ birthday Rizal gave Sanchez a
manuscript entitled Estudios sobre la lengua Tagala
(studies on the Tagalog Language) which rizal wrote
and dedicated to Sanchez
Idyllic Life in Dapitan
● Since August 1893 his relatives took turns visiting
him in Dapitan
● In Dapitan he built his house by the seashore,
surrounded by fru it trees. He also built a separate
house for his school boys and a hospital for his
patients
Rizal’s encounter with the Friar’s spy
● November 3, 1893 – he was visited by a certain
Pablo Mercado who posed as a relative and
brought with him a photo of Rizal and a pair of
button carrying the initrials P.M. as evidence of his
kinship to the Rizal family
o Hinihikayat si rizal na if ever meron mang
gusto sabihin sa mga kasamahan siya na
mag rerelay
o Spy talaga siya
● He offered his service as a confidential courier of
Rizal’s letter. Rizal became suspicious but since he
was a guest at Rizal’s house, he let Pablo Mercado
stay for the night but asked him to leave th following
day. “Pablo” did not left Dapitan but instead roamed
around claiming he was a beloved relative of Rizal
● Capitan Juan Sitges (replaced Carcinero on May 4,
1893) – arrested Pablo Mercado and investigated
him immediately
 o Ayaw kay rizal, pinakawalan din o Draco rizali (flying dragon)
● Florencio Namanan – the real name of Pablo
Mercado. He was from Cagayan de Misamis and
was 30 years old. He was hired by the recollect
friars to spy on Rizal and get evidences which might
incriminate Rizal in the revolutionary movement

AS PHYSICIAN IN DAPITAN
● He had many patients but most of them are poor
that he gave away free medicines as well
● He also had some rich patients who paid him
handsomely to compensate the free treatment he
gave the poor patients. o Apogoonia rizali (a small beetle)
● In August 1893 – he operated on his mother’s right
eye and was able to cure both eyes of his mothers
o Wag daw mag pasyente ng kamag anak,
hindi sinusunod
● Rich patients and their payments
o Don Ignacio Tumarong – P5,000.00
o An Englishman – P500.00
o Don Florencio Azacarraga – a cargo of
sugar

WATER SYSTEMS FOR DAPITAN o

● Despite lack of funds, meager materials and o Rhacophorus rizali (a rare frog)
inadequate tools he was able to create a system of
waterworks that supplied clean, potable water to the LINGUISTIC STUDIES
people of Dapitan ● He knew 22 languages and they are the following:
● Kwayan tapos dun yung water tagalog, ilokano, Bisayan, subanun, Spanish, latin,
Greek, English, French, german, Arabic, malay,
COMMUNITY PROJECTS FOR DAPITAN Hebrew, Sanskrit, dutch, Catalan, Italian, chiense,
● Aside from creating the first waterway system, he Japanese, portugese, Swedish, Russian
spent many months draining the marshes in order ● May not be fluent to all
to get rid of malaria that is infesting Dapitan
● He also equp the town with its lighting system using ARTISTIC WORKS IN DAPITAN
coconut oil lamps ● He made a statuette “the mother’s revenge”
● He also beautified Dapitan so that it could rival the o Aso na galling ng Syria
best in Europe o Wag kayong pupunta ng dapitan
o “aso kinain buwaya” – nagalit si rizal,
RIZAL AS A TEACHER punishment is isang nanay sa ibang bans
● In 1893 he established a school for boys in dapitan ana nag dudusa.
that lasted until the end of his exile in 1896 o Statue- nilalabanan ang buwaya
● He taught the boys reading, writing, language
(Spanish and English) geography, history,
mathematics, industrial work, nature study, morals
and gymnastics
● Class starts at 2:00pm and ends at 4:00pm. He
followed the concept fo emperor in Ateneo
● He had initially 16 students and eventually it titaled
to 21.
o Yung upuan may rankings

HYMN TO TALISAY ● A bust of Father Guerrico

● The poem he wrote that eventually became a song
his students sing
CONTRIBUTIONS TO SCIENCE
● He liked to explore the island of Mindanao using his
baroto (sailboat)
● During his 4 year exile in Dapitan he was able to
build a collection fo 346 shells representing 203
species
● Three rare specimens were named in his honro by
the scientific community
● A statue of a girl “the dapitan girl”
● A bsut of Josephine Bracken
● A bust of St. Paul
RIZAL AS A FARMER
● He initially broght 16 hectares of land after a few
business venture he was able to increase this to 70
hectares
● He introduced modern methods of agriculture that
he had adopted from US and Europe
● He dreamt of establishing an agricultural colony in
the sitio of Ponot near Sindagan bay and planned to
name it the new Kalamba. However it did not
materialize

RIZAL AS A BUSINESSMAN
● In partnership with Ramon Carreon, a dapitan
merchant, he made profitable business venture in
fishing, copra, and hemp industries
● The most profitable business he had was the hemp
industry where he brought hemp in dapitan for P7
 and 4 reales per picul and sold it for P10 and 4
reales per picul
● In May 14, 1893 he formed a business partnership
with Ramon Carreon in lime manufacturing
● To break the Chinese monopoly on Business in
Dapitan he created the Cooperative Association of
Dapitan Farmers on January 1, 1895
RIZAL’S INVENTIVE ABILITY
● In 1887 – he invented a cigarette lighter he named
“sulpukan”
● In dapitan he invented a machine that could make
bricks
MY RETREAT
● A poem about his serene life in Dapitan sent to
Dona Teodora on October 22, 1895
● Hindi dapat paalisin, need ng aruga and guidance
kasi hindi pa talaga kaya ng pinas
VOLUNTEERS AS MILITARY DOCTOR IN CUBA
● He sent a letter to General Ramon Blanco to offer
his service in Cuba to help cure yellow fever
(mosquito) and a letter of acceptance was sent to
him July 1, 1896 which he received July 30
SONGS OF THE TRAVELER
● He wrote upon finding out that he will be able to
travel again
● July 31, 1896 – he left Dapitan on board Espana
accompanied by Josephine, Narcisa, Angelica, his
three nephews and 6 students
● He has been in Dapitan for four years 13 days and
few hours

RIZAL AND JOSEPHINE BRACKEN

● The death of Leonor Rivera on August 28, 1893 left
a void in Rizal’s heart
● Josephine Bracken
o 18 years old Irish girl, slender, chestnut
blond with blue eyes
o Born in Hong Kong October 23, 1876 –
James Bracken and Elizabeth jane
Macbride
o She was adopted by George Taufer
● Nabubulag na si taufer, nabalitana yung skills ni
rizal, hinanap sa hongkong, then nalaman sa pinas
siya, then pinuntahan para magpagamot
● Josephine and Taufer went to Dapitan to seek the
aid of Rizal in curing his eyes. They were
accompanied by Manuela Orlac. They bore with
them a card of introduction by Julio Llorente, a
friend and schoolmate of Rizal
● It was love at first sight and after a month of
romance they decided to get married.
● Hindi nagamot yung mata ng tatay ni rizal
● However both Taufer and obach did not approve the
marriage
o Rizal: hindi pa nagbabalik loob sa katoliko
o Nagsumpaan nalang sa isa’t isa sa
simbahan (hindi pinayagan)
● Taufer with Bracken went abck to Manila with
Taufer’s eyes uncured for it was venereal and thus
uncurable. Tauefer went back to Hong Kong and
Bracken stayed with Rizal’s family in Manila nd
went back to Dapitan

RIZAL AND JOSEPHINE BRACKEN

● Bracken got pregnant in 1896 but because of a silly
Prank, Rizal made bracken had prematurely given
birth to Francisco who lived for only 3 hours.
● Napaanak, nagulat

RIZAL AND KATIPUNAN

● June 15, 1896 – Pio Valenzuela left Manila. He
brought wth him a blind man Raymundo Mata and a
guide supposedly to seek Rizal’s aid in curing the
man’s eyesight
o Supreme Council ng Katipunan: Pio
Valenzuela, Andres Bonifacio, Emilio
Jacinto
o Raymundo Mata – bulag (kunwari
papagamot kay rizal)
● June 21, 1896 – he reached Dapitan and told him of
the Katipunan plan and of the necessity of his
support.
● Rizal said no for 2 reasons
o The people are not ready for a revolution
o arms and funds must first be raised before
raising the cry for a revolution.
▪ Hindi kakayanin baka matalo lang CHAPTER 23: LAST TRIP ABROAD
 ● He missed the regular streamer Isla de Luzon which
sailed to Spain the day before he arrived in Manila
Bay
● He became a “guest” on board the Spanish cruiser
Castilla
● August 26, 1896 – Bonifacio led the cry of
revolution in the hills of Balintawak
● September 3, 1896 – worried about the raging
hostilities Rizal left for Spain on board Isla de Panay
FROM DAPITAN TO MANILA
● July 13, 1896 – left Dapitan for Manila
● August 1, 1896
o Anchored at Dumaguete, capital of Negros
Occidental
o Met Herrero Regidor, a former classmate
and a friend, who was the judge of the
province
o Also met the Periquet and Refina families
o The afternoon he operated on a Spanish
captain of the Guardia civil
● August 2, 1896
o Reached cebu
o At the house of Attorney Matteos he met
an old couple whom he had known in
Madrid
● August 3, 1896
o Left cebu going to Iloilo
ORDER OF TRAVELS – ESPANA SHIP
● Dapitan
● Dumaguete
● Cebu
● Ilo-ilo
● Capiz
● Romblon
● Manila
RIZAL MISSES SHIP GOING TO SPAIN
● August 6, 1896 – arrived in Manila Bay
o Rizal wished to be isolated from everybody
except his family
o Governor Ramon Blanco ordered for Rizal
to stay in the Spanish cruiser Castilla for
about a month
o Enrique Santalo – the gallant captain of
Castilla
o Stayed on the cruise ship until September
2, 1896 (for a month)
● Isla de Luzon – nakaalis na papuntang espanya
o Maghintay ng panibagong barko
papuntang espana
o prison fortress named Monjuich
OUTBREAK OF THE PHILIPPINE REVOLUTION
● August 19, 1896 – the plot to overthrow Spanish
rule by the Katipunan was discovered by Fray
Mariano Gil, Augustinian cura of Tondo
● August 26, 1896 – Cry of Balintawak
● August 30, 1896 – the Katipunan led by Bonifacio
and Jacinto attacked San Juan, near the city of
Manila
● Because of the Battle fo San Juan, Ramon Blanco
proclaimed a state of war against 8 provinces for
rising arms against Spain – Manila, Bulacan,
Cavite, Batangas, Laguna, Pampanga, Nueva Ecija,
and Tarlac
● Rizal was worried for 2 reasons
o The violent revolution which he sincerely
believed to be premature and would only
cause much suffering and terrible loss of
human lives and property, had started
o It would arouse Spanish vengeance
against all Filipino patriots
DEPATURE FROM SPAIN
● August 30, 1896 – state of war was rage against the
8 provinces by Ramon Blanco
● The same day he gave Rizal two letters of
introduction for the minister of War and Minister of
Colonies
● September 2, 1896 – he was transferred to the
streamer Isla de Panay which was sailing for
Barcelona, Spain
● September 3, 1896 – the streamer left Manila
o On board with him was Don Pedro Roxas
and his son named Periquin
RIZAL IN SINGAPORE
● Arrived in Singapore September 7, 1896
● Several Filipinor residents of Singapore, headed by
Manuel camus urged Rizal to stay in Singapore to
save his life
● Rizal, being a man of honor, refused for he gave his
word to Blanco
VICTIM OF SPANISH DUPLICITY
● Rizal who treated Blanco as a friend, was nota ware
that when he left the Philippines for Spain, Blanco
and the Minister of War and Colonies, have been
secretly taking plans for his arrest upon reaching
Barcelona
RIZAL ARRESTED BEFORE REACHING BARCELONA
● September 25, 1896 – he saw the streamr Isla de
Luzon, leaving Suez Canal, crammed with Spanish
troops
● September 27, 1896 – he heard from the
passenegrs that a telegram arrived from Manila
reporting the execution fo Francisco Roxas,
Genato, and Osorio
● September 28, 1896 – a passenger told Rizal the
bad news that he would be arrested by order of
General Ramon Blanco and that he would be sent
to prison in Ceuta
● September 30, 1896 – he was officially notified by
Captain Alemany that he should stay in his cabin
until further orders from Manila\
o The streamer anchored in Malta
● October 3, 1896 – Isla de Panay arrived in
Barcelona
● His jallor was no longer the ship captain but the
Military commander of Barcelona, who happened to
be Eulogio Despujol, the same one who ordered his
banishment to Dapitan in July of 1892
● October 6, 1896 – Rizal was awakened by the
guards and escorted to the grim and infamous
o He left Barcelona to be back to Manila on
board Colon, bound for Manila
▪ Warship Colon