CHAPTER 15-19  One of the features of the Exposition was the art

(Mr. Joseph Esteban Aldous)
CHAPTER 15: 2ND SOJOURN IN PARIS AND THE
UNIVERSAL EXPOSITION OF 1889
 Umalis ng London para iwasan si Gertrude
 Despite the social parties and the glittering lights of
the city, Rizal was able to continue his fruitful artistic,
literary and patriotic labors
 He was able to publish the annotated edition of
Morga’s Sucesos
 Founded three Filipino societies: the Kidlat Club,
the Indios Bravos, and R.D.L.N.
 Wrote Por Telefono, a satire against Father
Salvador Font
o Parang kay Jose Rodriguez din, gumanti
siya
competition that Rizal, Luna, Hidalgo and Felix
Pardo de Tavera joined
 Hidalgo – was second, Pardo de Tavera and Luna –
3rd prize while Rizal did not win any
KIDLAT CLUB
 March 19, 1889 – he organized a society called
Kidlat club
 Among the members where Antonio and Juan Luna,
Gregorio Aguilera, Fernando Canon, Lauro
Dimayuga, Julio Llorente, Guillermo Puatu, and
Baldomero Roxas
 It was founded simply to bring together the young
Filipinos in the French capital so that they could
enjoy their sojourn in the city during the duration of
the Universal Expositions

DIFFICULTY OF FINDING QUARTERS

 May 6, 1889 – the Universal Exposition is
scheduled to open
o Nahihirapan maghanap ng matitirahan
o Inubos ng french
 To Rizal’s disgust, because of the exposition the
cost of living spiraled high because the French
landlords raised the rent of their room,
 For a short time he lived at No. 45 Rue Maubenge,
in the house of his friend Valentin Ventura
 Finally he lived in a little room, together with two
other Filipinos – Capitan Justo Trinidad and Jose
Albert

LIFE IN PARIS
INDIOS BRAVOS
1. He spent most of his time in the Bibliotheque
Nationale  He got inspired when they saw the Buffalo Bull
show which featured the American Indians
 National library
2. In his spare hours, Rizal used to dine at the homes  “Why should we resent being called Indios by the
of his friends: the Pardo de Taveras, the Venturas, Spaniards? Look at those Indios from the North
the Bousted and the Lunas (Juan Luna and Antonio America – they are not ashamed of their name.
Luna)  Thus the new group named Indios Bravos was born
3. Dr. Trinidad Pardo de Tavera – physicians by  The members pledged to excel in intellectual and
vocation and a philologist by vocation physical prowess in order to win the admiration of
the foreigners particularly the Spaniards
 Dr. Felix Pardo de Tavera – a physician by vocation
and an artist and a sculpture by avocation
 Paz Pardo de Tavera – wife of Juan Luna
 They were the children of Don Joaquin Pardo de
Tavera, an exile in 1872 who escaped from the
Marianas and lived in France
 June 24, 1889 – a baby girl was born to Juan and
Paz Luna
 Their first son is named Andres or Luling
 The daughter was given the name “Maria De la Paz,
Bianca, Laureana, Hermegilda Juana Luna y Pardo R.D.L.M. Society
de Tavera” by Rizal who was also her godfather
 They gather four times a week:
Wednesday – Dona Tula
Thursday – the house of the Hidalgos
Friday – in the house of Madam Bousted
Family (may babae si rizal dito)
Saturday – in the house of Luna
Sunday – in the house Dona Juliana

RIZAL AND PARIS EXPOSITION OF 1889  Redencion de los Malayos

 The greatest attraction of this exposition was the  Its existence and role are really enigmatic only
Eiffel Tower, 984 feet high, which was built by mentioned twice:
Alexander Eiffel, a celebrated French Engineer 1. In his letter to Jose Maria Basa September 21,
 Rizal and his friends attended the opening 1889
ceremonies and saw the cutting of the ribbon by 2. His letter to Marcelo H. Del Pilar November 4,
President Sadi Carnot of the Third French republic 1889
 IB: Indios Bravos
  “Para sa Katubusan ng Malalayo/Malay”
 The symbol: circle divdied into three parts by two
semi-circles having in the center the interlocked
letters I and B meaning Indios Bravos and letter
R.D.L.M. placed outside an upper, lowerl, left and
right sdies of the circle
 RDLM believed to be the initials of the society’s
secret name: Redencion De Los Malayos
(Redemption of the Malays)
 Only a few friends are members of the group:
Gregorio Aguilera, Jose Ma. Basa, Julio Llorente,
Marcelo H. Del Pilar, Mariano Ponce, Baldomero
Roxas, and Father Jose Maria Changco
 The aim: the propagation of all useful knowledge –
scientific, artistic, literary etc – in the Philippines
ANNOTATED EDITION OF MORGA PUBLISHED
 Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas by Antonio Morga
(Annotation)
 He wrote this in the British Museum
 Published by Garnier Freres
 The prologue was written by Prof. Blumentritt as per
request of Rizal
 Blumentritt frankly censured Rizal on two points:
o Aspiring the events of the past in light of
present standards’
 Past nakabased sa present
(baliktad nagawa ni rizal)
o His attack on the Church were unfair and
unjustified because the abuse of the friars
should not be construed to mean that
Catholicism is bad
 In this historical work Rizal proved that Filipinos
were already civilized before the advent of Spain
o There was a political system in the PH
(barangay, datu, omalohokan) – not just
wide like national level
COLLEGE PROJECT IN HONGKONG
 Mariano Cunanan from Mexico, Pampanga – Php
40,000
 Did not materialize
 Dapitan (nakapagtayo naman ng school sa dapitan)
 Curriculum consisted of the following subjects:
o Ethics – Study of religion, natural law, civil
law, deportment, hygiene
o Mathematics – Physics and Chemistry,
Natural History, Geography, Political
Economy
o Universal History – Philippine History,
Logic, Rhetoric, and Poetics
o Spanish – English, French, German,
Chinese, Tagalog
o Gymnastics – Equitation, Fencing,
Swimming, Music, Drawing, Dancing\
REPLIES
 La Vision del Fray Rodriguez – Jose Rodriguez
o Due to Noli me tangere
 Por Telepono – Salvador Font
 Rizal used Dimasalang
CHRISTMAS IN PARIS
1. Christmas in Paris: Jose Albert, Justo Trinidad
2. London Visit: Review Sucesos, See Gertrude

COMMENTS ON MORGA’S PUBLICATION DATE

 The title page of Rizal’s book was dated 1890 thus
it was asserted that the book was printed in 1890
 However letters from friends showed that copies
were already distributed in 1889

RIZAL AS HISTORIAN
 Antonio Pigafetta – First Voyage Around the World
 Historical writings of Rizal
o Ma-yi (6 Dec 1888)
o Tawalisi of Ibn Batuta (7 Jan 1889)
o Filipinas dentro de Cien Anos (La
Solidaridad, 30 Sept, 31 Oct, Oct 15, Dec
1889, 15 Feb 1890)
 Ano mangyayari sa pinas in 100
years
 Makakalaya ang pinas
 The Philippines within a century
o Sobre la Indolencia de los Filipinos (La
Soldaridad, 15 July, 31 July, 1 Aug, 31
Aug, 1 Sept 1890)
 The Indolence of the Filipinos
o La Politica Colonial on Filipinas
o Manila en el mes de Diciembre 1872
o Historia de la Familia rizal de Calamba
o Los Pueblos del Archipielago Indico

INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF FILIPINOLOGIST

 President – Ferdinand Blumentritt
 VP – Edmund Plauchut
 Counsellor – Reinhold Rost
 Counsellor – Antonio Ma. Regidor
 Sec – Jose Rizal
CHAPTER 16: IN BELGIAN BRUSSELS o Sabi ni paciano na magpunta sa madrid I
appeal yung case nila(supreme court)
LIFE IN BRUSSELS o Abogado: M.H. Del Pilar
 Nakatira sa isang apartment kasama si Jose Albert  Letter written to Mariano Ponce
o Before kasi kasama niya si Justo Trinidad
tsaka si Jose Albert SA AKING MUSA (A MI) (TO MY MUSE)
 PLASWAN: Jose Alejandro – Engineering Student  Pathetic Poem
 Suzanne and Maria Jacoby (Landlord) – o Not well-written
magkapatid  Lacks exquisiteness of A las Flores de Heidelberg
 Writing – El Filibusterismo  Less polished than to the Filipino Youth
 La Solidaridad (articles)  Express bitterness sa mga panahon na to
 Work in Clinic
 Gym and Armory ROMANCE WITH PETITE JACOBY
 Petite Suzanne Jacoby (landlord)
ARTICLES IN LA SOLIDARIDAD  Sumulat kay rizal ng confessions, “kung nasan ka
 A La Defensa man ngayon, sana maalala moa ko, di moa ko
 La Verdad Para Todos makalimutan”
 Vicente Barrentes Teatro Tagalo
 Una Profanacion
 Verdades Nuevas
 Crueldad
 Diferencias
 Inconsequencias
 Llanto Y Risas
 Ingatitudes

NEW ORTAGRAPHY IN TAGALOG LANGUAGE

 Using “K” and “W” instead of “C” and “O”
o Arao, kalabaw
 William Tell and Fairy Tales
 Sobre la Nueva Ortografia de la Lengua Tagala (15
April 1890)
 Dr. Trinidad H. Pardo de Tavera author of “El
Sanscrito en la Lengua Tagala”
o Hindi niya inangkin yung credit
o Binigay dahil nandiyan sa sinulat ni tavera
yung ortography

GAMBLING OF FILIPINOS AT MADRID

 Juan Luna
 Valentin Ventura
 Marcelo H. Del Pilar
 “Papa” instead of “Pepe”
 Filipino sa madrid, magsugal, mambabae,
manginom
 Sumulat ng letter kay Marcelo H. Del Pilar na pinag
papaalalahanan na matulungan ang mga pilipinas
na magpalaya
 “papa” – like pope (nainsult mga tao)

BAD NEWS FROM CALAMBA

 High rent of Land
 Paciano and Antonio Lopez and Silvestre Ubaldo
exile in Mindoro
 Manuel T. Hidalgo exile in Bohol (asawa ni
saturnina)

PREMONITION OF DEATH
 Nanaginip, kinwento kay M.H. Del Pilar
 Nakita niya mga kamag anak niya na buhay and
patay, naisip ni rizal na mamamatay na siya

PREPARATION TO GO HOME
 Graciano Lopez Jaena – pupunta cuba; hindi
nagustuhan kasi baka mamatay sa sakit (HEPA B-
YELLOW FEVER) umuwi dapat sa pinas tumulong
(written sa letter kay Mariano Ponce – letter)

DECIDED TO GO TO MADRID
 Instead of going to PH decided to go to madrid
 Letter from Paciano about failed in the case against
Domincans (due to increase rates – tenants)
CHAPTER 17: MISFORTUNES IN MADRID
 Pinaka low na sa life niya
INJUSTICE TO FAMILY
 Asociacion Hispano-Filipino
 Liberal Newspaper of Spain (La Justicia, El Globo,
La Republica, El Resumen, etc.)
 M.H. Del Pilar
 Dr. Dominador Gomez (Secretary of Asociacion
Hispano-Filipina)
 Senor Fabie (Minister of Colonies)
INJUSTICE TO FAMILY
 Silvestre Ubaldo – Letter (nakatanggap ng letter)
 Blumentritt – letter (kinwento then nakatanggap ng
letter na lumapit kay queen regent)
 Queen Regent – Maria Cristina (hindi nakalapit kasi
need ng connections)
EULOGY TO PANGANIBAN
 Jose Maria Panganiban
 Kaibigan sa propaganda namatay
DUEL WITH ANTONIO LUNA
 Madrid – social reunion
 Antonio Luna
 Nellie Bousted
 Rizal – better at Gun
 Antonio – better at fencing
o Mabilis magalit
o Nalasing, may crush kay nellie bousted, si
nellie walang gusto kay antonio luna,
nalasing si Antonio sinisiraan si nellie
o Nag away sila ni rizal dahil sa babae
 Nag away dahil sa babae, hinamon si Antonio luna
ng duel (dwelo)
o Life and death (dati inaallow)
o Criminical crime ang dwelo
o Hinamon ni rizal si luna, (hinamon:
mamimili ng paglalabanan)
o Rizal: baril
o Antonio: sword
o Hindi natuloy ang dwelo dahil kinausap ng
mga kaibigan. Hiningi ng patawad kay rizal
o Pag natuloy, mamamatay si rizal
CHALLENGED RETANA TO A DUEL
 Wenceslao E. Retana – writer in La Epoca
 Nag sulat ng condition ng fam ni rizal sa calamba
na naghihirap na, wala ng pambayad ng rent sa
landlord, lahat ng case
 Chinallenge ng dwelo si retana (rizal)
 Writer lamang
 Tinakot ng mga kaibigan
 Nag sorry kay rizal
INFIDELITY OF LEONOR RIVERA
 Teatro Apolo nawala yung Golden watch with lacket,
Nawala then naka receive ng letter
 Leonor Rivera – letter
o Nakatanggap si rizal, ipapakasal daw si
rivera sa Englishman
o Fixed marriage
o Sumama yung loob
o Hypocrite din si rizal dahil ang dami niyang
nameet na girls
 Letter to Blumentritt
o “Si Leonor Rivera ay parang nagtapon ng
dyamante para lang makakuha ng isang
bato.”
 True love ni rizal
RIVALRY WITH DEL PILAR
 Pablo Rianzares Bautista – first owner of La
Solidaridad
 Graciano Lopez Jaena – editor (first)
 Marcelo H. Del Pilar – bought La Solidaridad
o Medj may bad aura din
o “pinatalo ba talaga o natalo talaga?”
o Kinasama ng loob
 90 – Filipinos at madrid (members)
 Responsible (Responsible) – Leader
o Tawag sa leader
 2/3 votes (60 votes)
 “iba yung owner sa may ari
ELECTION
 1st election – rizal won majority (50 votes then 40
votes for marcelo) wala pading 2/3
 2nd – Rizal won majority (55-35)
 3rd election – Rizal won
 Mariano Ponce: hinikayat mga tao na ivote si rizal,
the third time nanalo na si rizal
 Rizal became the responsible pero tinanggihan
yung pwesto
o “what is he trying to prove?”
o Ayaw daw maging isang leader ng org na
hindi naman lahat naniniwala sakanya
CHAPTER 18: BIARRITZ VACATION AND ROMANCE o Nag ffocus na din daw kasi siya sa
WITH NELLY BOUSTED pangalawang libro niya so hindi na siya
makakapagsulat for la solidaridad
WITH THE BOUSTEDS IN BIARRITZ
 Mr and Mrs. Bousted REVISING THE FILI FOR PUBLICATION
 Adelina  Letter to Jose Maria Basa
 Nellie o Humihingi ng pera sa book publishing
 Aunt Isabel (sister of Mrs. Bousted o And nakikiusap na manghingi ng tulong sa
iba para maproduce
ROMANCE WITH NELLIE BOUSTED o Pero pag hindi magawa pupunta nalang
 Wrote to blumentritt of his intention to marry Nelly daw sa hongkong
 M.H. Del pilar teased Rizal about Noli o If hindi man makareceive papadala niya
o Noli to Nellie padin ung copy para mapublish
 Letter from Tomas Arejola
 Letter from Antonio Luna
o Apology na walang namagitan sakanila
and blessed and tinatanggap
o Assurance na walang nangyari and
kampante
 Rizal’s proposal was rejected (marriage)
o 1st Religion – protestant kasi
o 2nd Mrs. Bousted’s refusal
 Rizal is poor
 “isang manunulat na di kumikita,
isang doctor an wala naming
pasyente” walang mapapakain
o Religion wise – not compatible
o Hindi kasi primary purpose ni rizal ang
wealth, yung mga filipino ung purpose niya

EL FILIBUSTERISMO FINISHED IN BIARRITZ

 Focused on writing El Filibusterismo
 Before leaving Biarritz for Paris – rizal completed
the manuscript
 Dito finocus para makalimutan si nellie

TO PARIS AND BACK TO BRUSSELS

 Train to Paris
 Stayed at Valentin Ventura’s residence
 Wrote a letter to Jose Maria Basa – intention to go
to Hong Kong
o Request ng ticket para makapunta ng
hongkong
o Dun nalang magtatayo ng clinic para
mamuhay in private
 Middle of April 1891 went back to Brussels and
stayed at Jacoby residence
o Si Suzanne pinaka masaya

RETIREMENT FROM THE PROPAGANDA MOVEMENT

 January 1891
o Nagsabi na ititigil niya na or tumitiwalag na
siya sa propaganda movement
 1 May 1891 – letter
o Nakakareceive sila kasi lagi ng allowance
o Nilagay niya sa letter na binabalik niya na
yung allowance niya and ilaan nalang sa
mas mahalaga like pag papaaral kasi diba
tinanggihan niya yung position niya.

RIZAL STOPPED WRITING FOR LA SOLIDARIDAD

 Letter from M.H. Del Pilar
o Gusto padin ni del pilar na ituloy niya ang
pagsusulat ni rizal
o Then gumawa ng letter: “naghihingi ng
patawad sa kung ano mang nagawa ni m.h.
del pilar.”
o Sabi ni rizal: wala ako sama ng loob sayo,
pero dapat hindi na pinaguusapan aksi
maliit na bagay lang peroo decided na kasi
siya and siya na daw kasi namumuno and
siya dapat nakakaalam na kung ano
gagawin.”
CHAPTER 19: EL FILIBUSTERISMO PUBLISHED IN EL FILIBUSTERISMO
GHENT  Political Novel
 Work of the head
AT GHENT  Book of thought
 Cheaper printing price  Bitterness, hatred, pain, violence and sorrow
 Avoid Petite Suzanne  38 chapters
 Jose Alejandro  Sequel
 Edilberto Evangelista (kasama din sa dorm)  Naging alahero
 Intended nas mas mahaba din ang el filibusterismo
PRINTING EL FILIBUSTERISMO pero around chapter 17, daming masamang
 F. Meyer-Van Loo Press nangyari
o Pumayag na iprint yung libro na per page o Leonor rivera
o Keep coming hanggang sa makapagbayad o Natalo ung case
 Jose Ma. Basa o La solidaridad
 Rodriguez Arias – 200 from Sucesos (kumita)  Naapektuhan yung pagsusulat
 August 6 – stopped printing (nawalan ng pera)

SAVIOR OF FILI
 Valentin Ventura

EL FILIBUSTERISMO
 18 September 1891
 Original manuscript – Ventura (binigay)
o Binigay sa government(10,000 peos)
 Complimentary Copy – Blumentritt, Ponce, Jaena,
Tavera, Antonio Luna, and Juan Luna
 La Publicidad – Alexander Dumas
THIRD NOVEL UNFINISHED
o Nag publish ng comment sa la publicidad
 Graciano Lopez Jaena
sa dyaryo
o Nagsuggest na ituloy ang novel
o Yung pagkakasulat daw ni rizal ay parang
kay alexander dumas’ style  Melbourne at Marseilles going to Hong Kong
o Before pa sabihin ni jaena amy nasimulan
 El Nuevo Regimen – series
na
o Sa newspaper pero in series
o Hindi nabigyan ng title
 Hong Kong
 Kamandagan – Grandson of Lakandula, last king
o Nagpadala ng copy kaso confiscated
of Tondo
because of the kastila
o Tungkol kay kamandagan
o Sa kakulangan ng copy, tumaas ang
demand
OTHER UNFINISHED NOVEL
 400 pesos – Ghent edition
 Makamisa
o Sobrang lala nung sa edition
 Dapitan
DEDICATION o Sinulat sa place na yan
 For the GOMBURZA  Life of Pili – untitled
 Errors of Rizal  About Cristobal - untitled
o Dedications
 17 Feb 1872 not 28 Feb 1872
 Gomez – 73 not 85
 Burgos – 35 not 30
 Zamora – 37 not 35

MANUSCRIPT
 Filipiniana division of Bureau of Public Libraries in
Manila
o Copy ng el fili (valentin)
 10,000 (binenta ni valentin sa government)
 279 pages
 2 parts not printed
o Prologue
o Warning

INSCRIPTION
 Written by Blumentritt
 Not included in most copies

COMPARISON OF NOLI AND EL FILI

NOLI ME TANGERE
 Romantic Novel
 Work of the Heart
 Book of feeling
 Freshness, color, humor, lightness and wit
 64 chapetrs