Rizal in

Europe
 Overview:

May 1, 1882 - Rizal left Calamba secretly through a

carromata

Paciano - secured a passport for Rizal as Jose Mercado

  May 3, 1882 - he boarded the Salvadora with Antonio Rivera

June 15, 1882 - Rizal arrived and stayed at Barcelona for

three months
1
Spain
 
Ela Amor Patrio (Love of Country) - first article written in
June 1882 Spain under a pet name Laong Laan
 
Laong Laan - pen name of Jose Rizal when he was a contributor of
poems and articles for the Spanish newspaper “La Solidaridad” . It
was the name of a railway station in Manila and goes by the meaning
“ever ready”.

August 20, 1882 - it was published in manila “Diariong Tagalog”

with the help of Basilio Teodoro Moran (Publisher)
 Analysis
El Amor Patrio focused on his perceptions of the Philippines.
It paints the Philippines as a homeland, worthy of love and
protection. It highlights the persona who is someone who
truly desires to create a sense of patriotism and nationalism
within the Filipino people. The persona of the poem greatly
loved his native land that no matter how beautiful Europe is,
he will always go back to where he came from. The persona
is also someone tries to convince the reader that despite the
class divisions and the Filipinos' lack of sovereignty, the
Philippines is still a country to be loved.
 Analysis
The vision of the poem tells us not to abandon our native land. Its vision
radiates us to always look back where we came from and always
cherish our roots.

The poem is addressed to all Filipino to never forget their hometown,

that no matter where the road will lead us, let us not forget our roots and
always look back to where we came from. It is indeed true that "there's
no place like home". No matter what place you are in, there are times
that you can't help thinking about your native land. No matter how
beautiful the places you've been at, nothing compares to the sense of
comfort and love that your hometown offers.
 Significant of his work
• Enlightened Filipinos to show gratitude not only to the
native land, but also everything in it.

• To embrace and cherish where you came from because

that makes you who you are

• It asks the question "What can you do for your country?“

• Promotes Nationalism

• Promotes Peace ; “Huwag niyong pakasakitang-loob

ang taga-ibang lupa.”
 TIMELINE
September 1882 - Rizal decided to move to the capital city of Spain to continue
his studies.

September 2, 1882 He took lessons in He even

painting and sculpture contemplated taking
He enrolled in at the Academia de the examination in
philosophy and San Fernando. Roman law for
letters and licentiate Lessons in fencing, at possible enrollment in
in medicine at the the schools of Sanzan law
Universidad Carbonell; and lessons
Central de Madrid. in English, French and
German in Madrid
Ateneo.
 TIMELINE

October 4, 1882 - He reminisced his

October 7, 1882 childhood days. It can
- published be seen in the poem
Rizal recited his
poem “Me piden how he missed the
It reflects how sad it Philippines very much
Versos” at the was for him to have the
Circulo, Hispano- and how painful it is
ability to steer emotions for him to leave his
Filipino through his poems, and motherland.
have these emotions
stifled and muted by the
Spaniards.
 TIMELINE
June 21, 1884. He took the medical examination and pass. Rizal was awarded
the degree of licentiate in medicine for passing the medical examination for the
course. At the same time , he passed the examination in Greek, Latin, and
World history.  
Despite of Rizal's hectic schedule, he found time to associate with Pedro
Paterno, Graciano Lopez Jaena, Gregorio Sanciano, Juan Luna, Felix Hidalgo,
Marcelo del Pilar and others.
Rizal, Jaena and Del Pilar were closely associated and the trio were called the
Triumvirate of the Propaganda Movement.
Their established goal was to bring happiness to their homeland and encourage social security. The
campaign, called “Propaganda Movement”, which they had created, fought aggressively, but
peacefully at the same time, with the Spanish system, by the use of words in form of speeches as
well as pieces of writing. It has begun in 1872, at the time when 3 men – Burgos, Zamora and Gomez
were killed and lasted for 24 years.
 TIMELINE
• Don Pablo Ortega y Rey - former city mayor of Manila during the time of
Governor de la Torre.

• Rizal was attracted to his daughter CONSUELO due to her refined manners
and enhanting smile.

• A la Senorita C.O. y R.

• Jose Rizal tries to express his feelings to Miss Consuelo Ortiga y Rey (C.O.y
R.) through a dark and depressing tone and imagery, perhaps to bemoan a
love that is not meant to be.
 Places, People, Dates, Events and Trivia
a. Congreso de los Diputados (formerly Las Cortes Españolas)
•  The Filipino community lobbied in this building for the recognition of the Filipinos’
right to autonomy and for equal rights with Spanish citizens.
 
b. Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Madrid, C/. Atocha (where Rizal
studied)
• It was here where Rizal studied medicine. He began his medical studies on
October 2, 1882 and finished it two years later in June 1884.

c. Calle Amor de Dios 13-15

• The place of where Rizal took up residence from September 12, 1882 to May
1883 when he first arrived in Madrid. He lived here with Vicente Gonzalez, an old
friend from his Ateneo de Manila days.
 Places, People, Dates, Events and Trivia
d. Calle Ventura de la Vega (formerly C/. Baño 15, piso principal or 1º)
• This was the residence of D. Pablo Ortiga y Rey, vice president of the Consejo
de Filipinas and the headquarters of Circulo Hispano Filipino. He lived here
temporarily from 1883 (autumn) to August 1884.

The association (CHF) was organized as a forum for Filipino students to discuss
Philippine affairs. It sponsored regular bailes to raise funds for the association. It
published a magazine financed by Juan Atayde, a Philippine-born Spaniard. Among
those with whom Rizal discussed Philippine issues were the Paternos — Pedro,
Maximino and Antonio — and Gregorio Sangciangco y Goson who made deep
impressions on Rizal. The latter wrote El Progreso de Filipinas which said that a
plan for agriculture, commerce and industry could usher in improvements and
progress in the Philippines. The association did not last long, as Rizal wrote to his
family on January 29, 1883, that it disbanded upon his suggestion apparently due to
lack of sufficient interests of the members.
 Places, People, Dates, Events and Trivia
e. Viva Madrid (C/. Manuel Fernandez y Gonzalez, 7)
• Favorite hangout area of Rizal where he would take his light meals with wine. This
place would tell us that it was not “all work and no play” for our national hero.

f. Hotel Inglés (C/. Echegaray)

• It is a place where the Filipino community in Madrid marked or celebrated its most
important events. In 1884, this was the venue for the banquet in honor of Luna
and Hidalgo. The place retains its 19th century ambience and has, at the lobby, a
marker indicating the year of its construction, the representative menu then, and
the events celebrated there such as zarzuelas, musical presentations and plays.
 
France
2
June 17, 1883-
Rizal went to
Paris, France for a
short summer
vacation and to
observe their way
of life.
 In October, 1885- Rizal went back again to France where he gained
knowledge in Ophthalmology.

- became assistant in the clinic of Mr. Louis

de Weckert for four months.

- during clinic break, he devoted his time to

master French, German, Italian,
English, Polish and Greek languages.

- he also observed medical examinations in

Laennec Hospital and Lariboisiere Hospital.

Mr. Louis de Weckert

The life in Paris was not economically
good.
- his compatriots (Juan Luna, Felix
Hidalgo and Felix Pardo de Tavera)
helped him financially.
 He became model for Juan Luna’s historical paintings;

Blood Impact The death of

Cleopatra
 He sketched The Monkey and The Turtle for Paz Pardo de
Tavera
September, 1888- He spent
most of his time in
Bibliotheque National
(National Library).

- he published his annotation of

De Morga’s Sucesos

- also harnessed his skills in

fencing and gymnastics
May 6, 1889- attended the Universal exposition
and was able to build different Filipino
associations such as:
- Kidlat club
- International Association of Filipinologists
- Indios Bravos
- Sociedad RDLM(Redemption of the malay
race)
 
• In 1891- he went to Biarritz
where he courted Nellie but
failed to ask her hands. Though
frustrated, he was able to finish
in here his novel
El filibusterismo.

In 1892- he was awarded the

diploma as Master Mason by
Le Grand Orient de France.
RIZAL’S FRENCH LITERARY WORKS
REVIEW

1. Marie Colombier: The Pistol of the Little

Baromess
2. The Kite and the Hen
3. The Fisherwoman and the Fish
4. Alphonse Daudet: Tartarin Sur Les Alpes
 3
Germany
On February 8, 1886, Rizal arrived
in Heidelberg.

Otto Becker
On April 22, 1886 he
wrote a poem entitled “A
las Flores de Heidelberg”
Rizal took a three-month vacation
at Wilhelmsfeld Pastor Dr. Karl Ullmer
 Question of the Orient

“The beautiful but delicate Question of the Orient is still in

Dagupan beside her parents who rave about her. Her
friend Sixto Lopez told me that he had been in that town,
taking supper in their home. This young man became most
enthusiastic over the Question, whom he found each day
more precious and thrifty, but according to him she is now
no more to be seen with as much finery as when we were
together in their house”
• Rizal became friends with Dr.
Ferdinand Blumentritt

On July 31, 1886 Rizal sent

him a letter.

It was Blumentritt whom Rizal sent one

of the earliest available copies of his
novel Noli Me Tangere
“Esteemed Sir: Having heard that your
Lordship is studying our language and
that you have already published some
works on the subject. I take the liberty of
sending you a valuable book written in
that language by a countrymen of mine.
• On August 14, 1886,
Rizal arrived in the
University of Leipzig.

He became friends with

Professor Friedrich
Ratzel
In October 29, 1886 he left
Leipzig for Dresden where
he met Dr. Adolph B.
Meyer.
 Rizal arrived in Berlin on November 1, 1886.
• Central Hotel (Room 294)
"It is three times now that I constantly dream you and
sometimes the dream repeats itself in a single night. I would
not like to superstitious even if the Bible and the Gospel
believe dreams, but I like to believe that you are thinking
constantly me and this makes my mind reproduce what goes
on in you for after all my brain is a part of yours, and this is
not strand because while I am asleep here, you are awake
there."
• Dr. Feodor Jagor – Travels to the Philippines
• Dr. Jagor introduced Rizal to Dr. Rudolf
Virchow
• Rizal became a member of Berliner
Gesellschaft fur Anthropologie, Ethnologie,
und Urgeschichte
 He lived in Berlin for the following reasons:
1. To gain further knowledge of ophthalmology.
2. To further his studies of sciences and languages.
3. To observe the economic and political conditions of
the German nation.
4. To associate with the famous German scientists
and scholars.
5. To publish his novel Noli Me Tangere.
• Rizal lived a
methodical and
frugal life in Berlin.

The winter of 1886

in Berlin was his
gloomiest which
begun in
November.
Rizal started the final
revisions of the Noli and he
was almost finished by
December.

Dr. Maximo Viola, a son of

a rich family in San Miguel,
Bulacan.
Hope sprang in Rizal’s heart:

“It revived me. It gave me new hope. I

went to the station to receive him and
spoke to him about my work. He said he
might be able to help me.”
February 21, 1887 -
Noli Me Tangere was
finished and finally
ready for printing.

- Berliner-Buchdruckrei-
Aktiengsellschaft
300 pesos for 2,000 copies.
March 21, 1887 – Noli Me Tangere came off the
press.

Ferdinand Blumentritt, Antonio Ma. Regidor,Graciano lopez

Jaena, Mariano Ponce, Felix Resurreccion Hidalgo
“I am sending you a book. It is my first book. It is
the first impartial and bold book on the life of the
Tagalogs. The Filipinos will find it the history of
the last ten years. The government and the friars
will probably attack the work, refuting my
arguments. I hope I can answer the concepts
which have been fabricated to malign us.”
On March 29, 1887 Rizal gave the
galley proofs of the Noli Me Tangere

“To my dear friend Maximo Viola, the

first to read and appreciate my work
– Jose Rizal.”
A year later, Rizal wrote to his good friend
and former classmate Fernando Canon:

“I did not believe the Noli Me Tangere

would ever be published when I was in
Berlin, broken-hearted, weakened, and
discouraged from hunger and deprivation. I
was on the point of throwing my work into
the fire as a thing cursed and for only to die.
Rizal’s struggle in the winter of 1886 in Berlin was very memorable
for two reasons:

1. It was a painful episode in his life for he was broke, hungry, sick, and
downcast in a strange and foreign country.

2. It was also a moment of joy, after so much hardships and perseverance,

because his first novel, Noli Me Tangere, was completed and
providentially published.
After a visit to Vienna, Austria, Rome and other
Italian cities, Rizal took a ship from Maseille
and traveled home on July 5, 1887 at last
ready to operate his mother’s eyes.
 4
England
Rizal in
London
After Rizal's visit in the United States, he lived in London from
May, 1888 to March 1889 for three reasons:

1 2 3
To improve his To study and For him to have a
knowledge of the annotate Morga's safe place to
English Sucesos de las carry on his fight
language. Islas Filipinas. against Spanish
Tyranny.
 TRIP ACROSS THE ATLANTIC
 In his arrival from New York to Liverpool was a pleasant one
where he entertained American and European passengers with his
marvelous skills with the yo-yo as an offensive
weapon.

 May 24, 1888- Rizal arrived at Liverpool, England

 Adelphi Hotel- where Rizal spent the night while staying for
one day in this port city.
 LIFE IN LONDON
 May 25, 1888- Rizal went to London

- Rizal stayed as a guest at the home of Dr. Antonio Ma. Regidor

- By the end of May, Rizal found a modest boarding place at No. 37 Chalcot
Crescent Primrose Hill

 Dr. Reinhold Rozt- he was impressed by Rizal's learning and character and he gladly
recommended him to the authorities of the British museum.

- He called Rizal "a pearl of a man" (una perla de hombre)

- The editor of Trubner's Record, a journal devoted to Asian studies, request
Rizal to contribute some articles.
 LIFE IN LONDON

In response to this request, Rizal prepared two articles:

• Specimens of Tagal Folklore

• Two Eastern Fables

 Rizal received both good and bad news from home.
Bad news:

1. Prosecution of the Filipino patriots who signed the

"Anti-Friar Petition of 1888"

2. Prosecution of the Calamba tenats for their courage to

petition the government agrarian reforms

3. Furious attacks on Rizal in Spanish newspapers

 Rizal received both good and bad news from home.
Bad news:

4. Rizal's brother in law was exiled by Governor Genral

Weyler to Bohol without due process of law.

5. Laureano Viado, a friend of Rizal, was arrested and

jailed in Bilibid prison because cooies of Noli were
found in his house.
Rizal received both good and bad news from
home.
Good news:

1. Rev. Vicente Garcia's defense of

the Noli against the attacks of the
friars.
 Greatest achievement of
Rizal in London

The annotating of
Morga's book, Sucesos
de las Islas Filipinas
(Historicla Events of the
Philippine Islands)
which was published in
Mexico in 1609.
 
 September 1888, he left to visit Paris and visited other
countries as well.

 December 24, 1888- Rizal returned to London and spent

Christmas and New year's Day with the Becketts.
 
 Rizal sent a gift to Blumentritt, a bust of Emperador Augustus
and for another friend, Dr. Carlos Czepelak, a bust ofJulius
Ceasar.

 The Life and Adventures of Valentine Vox, the

Ventriloquist - a Christmas gift from Rizal's landlady, Mrs.
Beckett.
  
WRITING IN LONDON
• While busy in research studies at the British Museum,
Rizal received news on Fray Rodriguez' unbated
attack on his Noli.
 
• La Vision del Fray Rodriguez (The Vision of Fray
Rodriguez) -a pamphlet written by Rizal which
published in Barcelona under his nom-de-plume
Dimas Alang in order to defense his novel.

• In this pamphlet, Rizal demonstrated two things:

 his profound knowledge of religion
 his biting satire
  
WRITING IN LONDON

It is a famous letter written by

Rizal on February 22, 1889 in
Tagalog
Letter to the
Young Women -this letter is to praise the
young ladies of Malolos for
of Malolos their courage to establish a
school where they could learn
spanish.
  
WRITING IN LONDON
Main points of this letter:
• A Filipino mother should teach her children love of
God, the fatherland, and mankind

• The Filipino mother should be glad, like the Spartan Letter to the
mother, to offer her sons in the defense of the fatherland
Young
• A Filipino woman should know how to preserve her
dignity and honor Women of
• A Filipino woman should educate herself, aside from Malolos
retaining her good racial virtues

• Faith is not merely reciting long prayers and wearing

religious pictures, but rather it is living the real Christian
way, with good morals and good manners
ROMANCE WITH GERTRUDE
BECKETT

- Rizal had a romantic interlude with the oldest

of the three Beckett sisters- Gertrude, an
Buxom English girl with brown hair, blue eyes,
and rosy cheeks.
Before leaving London, he finished four
sculptural works:

Composite
Prometheus Bound The Triumph of The Triumph carving of the
Death Over Life of Science heads of the
Over Death Beckett sisters
Rizal bade goodbye to the Beckett Family on March 19,
1889 and left London for Paris through the English
Channel.
 
5 Belgium
Main historical locations

Venus Mars
Venus is the second Mars is actually a very
planet from the Sun cold place

Saturn Neptune
It’s composed of It’s the farthest planet
hydrogen and helium from the Sun
 January 28, 1890
Rizal left Paris for Brussels, capital of Belgium for two reasons:

1.The cost of living in Paris was very high because of the international
exposition.

2. The gay social life of the city hampered his literary works especially the
writing of his second novel El Filibusterismo
 LIFE IN BRUSSELS :

 Rizal was busy writing his second novel which was a continuation of
Noli. He was never idle even for an hour.

 Aside from writing its chapter he wrote articles for La Solidaridad and
letters to his family and friends.

 Being a physician, he spent part of his time in the medical clinic.

 For recreation, he had gymnastics at the gymnasium at target

practice and fencing at the armory
 RIZAL’S ARTICLES IN LA SOLADARIDAD
-He used two pen names Dimasalang and Laonglaan.
Articles:
• La Verdad Para Todos (The Truth for All)
• Verdades Nuevas (New Truths)
• UnaProfanacion (A Profanation)
• Diferencias (Differences)
• Filipinas dentro de Clen Años (The Philippines A Century Hence)
• Ingratitudes Sin Nombre (Without Name)
• Sobre la Nueva Ortografia de la LenguaTagala (On the New Ortography of the tagalog
Language)
• Cosas de Filipinas (Things about the Philippines)
• Sobre la Indolencia de los Filipinos (On the Indolence of the Filipinos)
RIZAL CRITICIZES MADRID FILIPINOS FOR GAMBLING

 In Brussels - Received news from Juan Luna, and Valentin Ventura

that the Filipino in Spain were destroying the good name of their
nation by gambling too much. These two compatriots in Paris urged
him to do something about it. Accordingly, Rizal wrote too M.H Del
Pilar on May 28, 1890 to remind the Filipinos in Madrid that they did
not come to Europe to gamble, but to work for their father land’s
freedom. The gambling Filipinos in Madrid were angry when the
learned of Rizal’s moralizing. Thereafter, they called Rizal“Papa”
(Pope) instead of “Pepe”
 BAD NEWS FROM HOME :Letters

The Calamba agrarian trouble was getting worse. -

Tenants, including the Rizal family, were persecuted and
ejected from their lands. The sad news from home
depressed Rizal. His heart bled to know the sorrowful
plight of his parents, brother and brothers-in-law.
RESENTATION OF DEATH:
• In his moment of despair, Rizal
had bad dreams during the nights
in Brussels when he was restless
because he was always thinking
of his unhappy family in Calamba.
Although he was not superstitious,
he feared that he would not live
long. He was not afraid to die, but
he wanted to finish his second
novel before he went to his grave.
 Oppose with Graciano Lopez
Jaena’s plan in going to Cuba.

• Oppose with Graciano Lopez

Jaena’s plan in going to Cuba. He
said that Graciano should not go
to Cuba to die of yellow fever,
instead he ought to go the
Philippines to allow himself to be
killed in defense of his ideals.
 ON TO MADRID, INSTEAD OF
HOME
A letter from Paciano changed his mind. It was a letter
which related that the loss the case against the
Dominicans in Manila, but they appealed it to the
Supreme Court in Spain. Rizal wrote to M.H. Del Pilar on
June 20, 1890, retaining the latter’s services as lawyer.
He was going to Madrid in order to supervise the
handling of the case.
 “TO MY MUSE” (1890)

• It was against a background of mental anguish in

Brussels, during those sad days when he was worried
by family disasters, that he wrote his pathetic poem, A
Mi. . . This poem lacks the exquisitry of To The Flowers
of Heidelberg and is less polished than “To the Filipino
Youth”, but it is passionate in feeling
ROMANCE WITH SUZANNE
JACOBY
Two things brought some measure of
cheer to the despondent Rizal as he was
preparing for his trip to Madrid:

1. The summertime festival of Belgium

2. His romance with Suzanne She cried

when he left toward the end of July,
1890 for Madrid, stopping for a few
days in Paris.
Italy

6
 Rizal Visited
Rom
Turin Venice e
1950

Mila
n Florence
Capitoline Tarpeian Rock
June 27, 1887 – Rizal arrived and went to
Palatine Roman Forum
Colosseo Capitoline Museum
ColoBasilica of St. Mary
Majorsseo
June 29, 1887 -
Rizal visited for the
first time the
Vatican, the “City
of the Popes” and
the capital of
Christendom.
June 30, 1887 – Rizal left
the country and
encountered an Italian
priest in a train who
reportedly treated him
like an old friend.
Rizal referred to him as
his “Father Confessor.”
Czech Republic

7
Dr. Jose Rizal
• He became an opthalmologist for personal
reasons but it's main reason is he wanted to
treat his mother's blindness.

• He also took courses in philosophy and

literature. After finishing the studies, he
travelled to Paris and Heidelberg.

• At this time, he met Professor Ferdinand

Blumentritt
Ferdinand Blumentritt
• One of Rizal's closest confidants
although they met only once.

• He translated a chapter of the

latter's first book, Noli Me
Tangere, into German and wrote
the preface to Rizal's second
book, El filibusterismo, although
he was against its publication as
he believed that it would lead to
Rizal's death.
• Rizal met professor Ferdinand Blumentritt
from Leitmeritz who became his best
friend. Rizal even came to the Czech
Republic to visit him
Rizal in
Europe
GROUP 1:
Chog-ap, Kaye
Cureg, Angie
Domincel, Ivory
Ogayan, Alexandria Bea
Piog, Kris Collin
Valdez, Madeline Faye
Wania, John Cedrick