Rizal’s Last Moments

The Decision to return to the Phil.

 Because Despujol rejected Rizal’s Borneo project he decided to go back to the Phil.
 His decision to return was opposed by his parents and friends because of their fear of the
negative consequences it can bring to Rizal.
 Before leaving Hong Kong he celebrated his 31st birthday with some friends and wrote 2 letters.

Reasons for his return

 To confer with governor Despujol regarding his Borneo colonization project.
 To establish the La Liga Filipina
 To prove that Eduardo de Lete was wrong in attacking him in Madrid that Rizal, being
comfortable in Hong Kong.

Rizal wrote 2 letters.(2nd homecoming)

 To obtain justice and peace for the country
 To shoulder the burden of all persecutions against his family
 To do what his conscience tells him to do.
 To prove that reviled Filipinos could die for their conviction.

The Founding of La Liga Filipina

 On July 3, 1892, Rizal founded the La Liga Filipina

Aims of La Liga Filipina

 To unite the whole archipelago into one compact and homogeneous body.
 Mutual protection in every want and necessity
 Defence against all violence and justices
 Encouragement of instruction, agriculture, and commerce
 Study the applications of reforms

Deportation Charges
 Publication and introduction of various anti-monastic books and handbills
 Travelling through diff. Provinces without permit from the Governor-General
 Dedication of the novel El Felibusterismo to the Gomburza

Literary Works in Dapitan

 Hymn to Talisay - a poem intended to be a college song for pupils he was teaching.
 My Retreat(Mi Retiro) - poem about his life in Dapitan.

Rizal’s Death
 December 30 at 7:00 in the morning at Bagumbayan Field, shot by a firing squad.
 His last poem Mi Ultimo Adios in a gas burner.
 He was buried in Pako cemetery.

The Execution
 Rizal woke up early in spite of the physical and mental fatigue
 He wrote 2 letters for his family and for Paciano.
 He gave his last gift to Josephine
First Travel Abroad (1882 – 1887)

 After finishing his medical course in University of Santo Tomas, Jose

Rizal then decided to go to Spain mainly for two reasons:
 To finish his medical specialization.
 To do his “secret mission” in preparation for his fight in the Philippines.
 His travel was kept secret to avoid detection and suspicion from
Spanish government and friars.
 He then used the name Jose Mercado and was also assisted by his
uncle, Antonio Rivera.

Philippines to Singapore (May 3-11, 1882)

 He boarded the ship Salvadora bound for Singapore.

 Donato Lecha, captain of the ship defined Jose as a refined man.
 He arrived in Singapore on May 9, 1882.
 He stayed in Hotel de la Paz.
 He then left Singapore on May 11, 1882 boarded the ship Djemnah.

Singapore to Ceylon (May 11 – 17, 1882)

 Djemnah reached Point Galle, a seaport town in southern Ceylon.

 He defined Point Galle as a picturesque but lonely town.
 He then went to Colombo to get references in learning the French
language.
 He defined Colombo as an elegant town compared to Manila.

Ceylon to Italy ( May 17 – June 11, 1882)

 He was amused when the first time he saw camels in Aden.

 They travelled in Suez Canal, a route from Asia to Europe then docked
in Port Said.
 Jose then arrived in Naples, Italy, which according to Jose as a
panoramic beauty.

Italy to France ( June 11 – June 12, 1882)

 Djemnah then docked at the port in the city of Marseilles.

 Jose visited Chateau D’if, a famous landmark in Count of Monte Cristo.
 First Travel Abroad (1882 – 1887)
 France to Spain
 In the afternoon of May 5, 1882, Jose left Marseilles by train and
travelled going to Barcelona.
 He arrived in Barcelona on June 16, 1882.
 His first impression of the city was that it was unfavorable.
 He then created articles for the Diariong Tagalog which were Amor
Patria and Los Viajes using the pen name Laong Laan.
 During this time , Manila was ravaged by cholera according to his
brother Paciano.
 Jose was disheartened also because of the letter sent by Leonor
Rivera.
 Fall of 1882, Jose left Barcelona for Madrid.

Experiences in Madrid

 Jose pursued his medical course and finished also the course which
was decided by his father.
 Jose’s only vice was lottery in every lottery in Madrid.
 Jose spends his leisure time reading and attending reunion of
illustrados in Madrid.
 He also practiced shooting and fencing in a communal gymnasium.
 He was then acquainted in the fraternal group of illustrados in Madrid,
Circulo Hispano – Filipino.
 He then declaimed the poem, Mi Piden Versus in a gathering of the
group in New Year’s Eve of 1882.
 He then saved some of his money to purchase books like Uncle Tom’s
Cabin ( Beecher Stowe) and The Wandering Jew (Eugene Sue).

First Visit in Paris (1883)

 He visited Paris during their summer vacation in Madrid.

 According to Rizal, everything in Paris was so expensive that he called
Paris as the “costliest city in the world.”
 He then visited Laennec Hospital where he observed Dr. Nicaise
treating patients.
 Jose was impressed and saddened on how the Masons were observed
and recognized by the government, which could not be done in the
Philippines.
 He then joined a masonic lodge, Acacia in which he later became a
master mason in 1890.
 He joined the masonic lodge to secure their aid against his fight with
the Spanish.
 During this time, Calamba was infested with pests, hacienderos
increased their taxes and parasites killed a lot of poultry in Calamba.

The Return of Rizal in Madrid

 June 24, 1884 – A saddening event happened to Rizal where he was
broke that he cannot afford to buy breakfast.
 Rizal then attended class and won a gold medal in a Greek language
contest.
 June 25, 1884 – a banquet was called for the illustrados for the double
victory Filipinos achieved in Madrid: Luna’s Spoliarium (1st place) and
Hidalgo’s Virgenes Cristianas Expuestas al Populacho (2nd place)
 November 20 – 22, 1884 – A bloody riot in Madrid exploded by the
students of Universidad Central.
 November 26, 1884 – Jose send a letter about the riot that happened
in Madrid explaining it detail by detail.
 June 21, 1884 – He earned the Licentiate in Medicine.
 June 19, 1885 – He finished his Philosophy and Letters as a
Sobresaliente.
 He was not happy earning his license as a Doctor because he knew he
will not be accepted in University of Santo Tomas.

France to Germany (1885 -1887)

 After graduating in Madrid, he went to Paris to practice ophthalmology.

 He then met Maximo Viola, who would later be his best friend in
Europe.
 Rizal stayed in Paris for four months, where he became an
assistant ophthalmologist for Dr. Louis de Weckert.
 He then met Juan Luna and his girlfriend, Paz Pardo de Tavera.
 In Luna’s painting The Death of Cleopatra, Jose posed as an Egyptian
and posed a sandugo depicting Sikatuna – Legazpi pact.
 During this time he learned also to read the solfeggio and play the
piano and flute.
 Alin mang Lahi – a patriotic song written by Rizal which asserts
freedom.
 February 3, 1886 – Jose arrived in Heidelberg, where he was
considered a an excellent chess player.
 He also worked for Dr. Otto Becker, an ophthalmologist.
 He was also amazed with flowers growing in Heidelberg, where he
dedicated his fine poem , A Flores de Heidelberg.

Germany

 Karl Ullmer – A Protestant Pastor who was the friend of Jose and let
Jose stay in his home.
 July 31, 1886 – Jose wrote his first German letter to Professor
Blumentritt, director of Ateneo of Leitmeritz in Austria.
 August 9, 1886 – Jose left Heidelberg and arrived in Leipzig in August
16, 1886.
 He then became friends with Friedrich Ratzel and Hans Meyer who
were historians.
 He then translated different German and Swiss literary works and was
send to the Philippines.
 He even translated fairy tales in Tagalog for the nephew of the
historians.
 Knowing his translation skills, he then worked as a proof reader in a
publishing firm in Germany.
 He then met one of the authors he admired, Dr. Feodor Jagor.
 Jose then became a recognized member of Anthropological Society,
Ethnological Society and Geographical Society of Berlin.
 He wrote Tagalische Verkunst, an article about the Tagalog language
written in German (Icelandic) which was praised and commended by the
German community.
 Jose stayed in Berlin to enhance his knowledge about ophthalmology,
to observe Germany and to publish his novel, Noli me Tangere.
 Madame Lucie Cerdole – A professor in French language who
enhanced the knowledge of Jose about French language and culture.
 Unter den Linden – a famous street in Berlin where Jose like to hang
out.
 In his letter to Trinidad, he discussed about the personality of German
women: diligent, serious, educated, friendly, not gossipy and not
quarrelsome.

The Creation of Noli me Tangere

 Winter of 1886 – Jose was flat broke and he had to pawn the diamond
ring her sister, Saturnina gave to him.
 This was memorable for two reasons: the pain of hunger and sickness
he experienced and the creation of Noli me Tangere.
 Uncle Tom’s Cabin – A novel used by Jose as a reference for Noli me
Tangere.
 January 1884 – Jose suggested that the novel should be done by a
group of patriotic Filipinos, but at the end he was the only one to finish it.
 Half of the novel was written in Paris, he continued a quarter of his
novel in Madrid and the last part in Germany.
 In Berlin, He finalized the revisions in February 1886.
 Because Jose was flat broke, his friend, Maximo Viola funded the
publication of the novel where 2000 copies were printed for 300 pesos.
 As a sign of gratitude, Jose gave Maximo one of the original copies of
the novel and a complimentary copy.
 Jose admitted that the title, Noli me Tangere was not originally came
from him but from a Bible verse. ( John 20 : 13-17)
 He dedicated the novel to his fatherland- the Philippines.

The Travels of Rizal and Viola

 May 11, 1887 – The two left Berlin in an express train.

 They visited different places in Europe like:
 Dresden (Germany)
 Teschen ( Czechoslovakia)
 Leitmeritz ( Bohemia)
 Vienna (Austria)
 Munich (Germany)
 Nuremberg (Germany)
 Geneva (Switzerland)
 June 23, 1887 – Jose and Maximo parted ways, Jose went to Italy and
Maximo returned in Spain.
 June 27, 1887 – he arrived in Rome, where he called “The City of
Caesar.”
 After a week, Jose prepared to return to the Philippines.

First Homecoming

 Because of the uproar created by the novel, Paciano advised Jose not
to return home yet.
 But Jose was determined to return home because he wanted to treat
his mother’s eyes.
 July 3, 1887 – He then boarded Djemnah again after several years.
 July 30, 1887 – He arrived in Saigon , Vietnam which he boarded his
transfer ship, Haiphong bound for Manila.
 August 2, 1887 – the steam ship lest for Manila.
 The calmness of the sea and the night sky, the illumination of the
moonlight prepared Jose for his battle against the Spanish.
 Aug 5, 1887 – Jose arrived in the Manila.
 Upon arrival, he then treated young Filipinos and introduced European
culture.
 But one thing that Jose was not able to do, to meet Leonor Rivera.

Second Travel Abroad ( 1888 -1892)

 In September 1887, Jose suspended his trip to Europe because her

sister, Olympia, died of internal bleeding due to her giving birth.
 Even though his family was persecuted because of the uproar of Noli
me Tangere, his family decided Rizal will stay in the Philippines.
 December 29, 1887 – The Church ordered a prohibition in the
publication and circulation of the Noli me Tangere.
 February 3, 1888 – After staying in the Philippines, Jose left Manila for
Hongkong bringing 5000 pesos, earning from his medical practice.

Jose in Hongkong ( February 3, 1888 – February 22, 1888)

 With Jose Maria Basa, Jose Sainz de Veranda and some Portuguese,
they boarded the ship Kui Kiang.
 Jose stayed in the house of Juan Lecaroz, where he went to observed
botanical garden.
 After staying for almost two weeks, Jose left Hongkong for Japan on
board of Oceanic.

 Jose in Japan (February 28, 1888 – April 13, 1888)

 Upon arrival, he stayed in Hotel Grande and visited places like
Yokohama and Tokyo.
 Then he met Juan Perez Caballero, a Spanish ambassador in Japan.
 Then he met, O Sei-san, Jose’s tour guide, translator and lover.
 He also learned judo and kabuki.

Rizal in United States of America (April 13, 1888 - May 13, 1888)

 Leaving in April 13, 1888, Jose was saddened knowing O Sei-san was
left behind.
 He boarded the ship Belgic and arrived in United States in April 28,
1888.
 He saw America was marred with racial prejudice.
 He was quarantined in the ship because of the rumored cholera
outbreak.
 They later realized that the reason of quarantine was a political motive.
 The day he was released, he stayed in Palace Hotel. (San Francisco)
 Then he travelled to Oakland via ferry ship.
 The next day he went to Reno, the biggest little city in the world.
 He wrote in his diary the beauty of Nevada while travelling to Albany.
 May 13, 1888 – He arrived in New York where he called it as the “Big
Town.”

Rizal in England

 Jose arrived in England on May 1888.

 He chose England as his new home to improve his English language,
to study Antonio Morga’s Sucesos de las Felipinas and knowing England
was the safest place against the Spanish.
 While aboard the ship City of Rome, he entertained passengers using
yo-yo as a defensive weapon.
 Upon arriving in Liverpool, he stayed in Adelphi Hotel.
 May 25, 1888, Jose traveled in London, where he became a boarder of
the Becket where Gertrude Beckett fell in love.
 Reinhold Frost, a librarian of Ministry of Affairs, was impressed on
Rizal’s work, hailing him as the “Pearl of Man.”
 While he was in England, different revolts started to rose in the
different parts of the country.
 He was even condemned by the senators of Spanish Cortes,
Salamanca, Vida, Retana and Feced in Spanish newspaper.
 His friends and his family were even persecuted in the Philippines.
 But the good news was, different significant people were defending the
Noli me Tangere like Vicente Garcia.
Rizal’s Annotation of Morga’s Book

 Considered as one of the greatest achievement of Jose Rizal done in

England.
 It discussed Spanish colonization of Asia on a first-hand account and
how this colonization shaped the world.
 It condemned and praised the way Spanish colonized different places.
 It helped the Filipinos understand more the motives of the Spanish
colonizing different places.

A Short Visit in Paris and Spain

 He visited Paris in order to get some references in Bibliotheque

Nationale.
 He then traveled in Spain and there he met the superpowers of
propaganda, Marcelo H. del Pilar and Mariano Ponce.

Return in London

 Jose celebrated Christmas day alone in London.

 Blumentritt and Carlos Czepelak gave Jose a bust of Emperor
Augustus and Julius Caesar.
 His landlady gave Jose a book about magic knowing he was fascinated
with magic.

 Jose was born to be leader, by unanimous decision, he was chosen as

the honorary president of Asosacion La Solidaridad.
 This was the recognition given to Filipino patriots in Europe.
 La Solidaridad – a patriotic newspaper founded by Graciano Lopez
Jaena on February 18, 1889 in Barcelona, Spain which aims to:
 To work peacefully for political and social reforms.
 To show the condition of Philippines so Spain may remedy them.
 To oppose the evil forces in the Philippines.
 To advocate liberal ideas and progress.
 To prioritize Filipino life and happiness.
 In the first article of Jose in the newspaper, he discussed the situation
of the Filipino farmers.

Writings of Rizal in London

 La Vision del Fray Rodriguez - writing of Jose in which he discussed

his newfound meaning of religion and his satirical comments.
 Spanish considered Fray Rodriguez as dangerous as the Noli me
Tangere.
 This was the time he used the pen name. Dimas Alang.
 Letter to The Young Women of Malolos – Jose praised the bravery of
women of Malolos.
 Because of the flirting of Rizal and Beckett, he left London to pursues
his mission on March 19, 1889.

Jose’s Return in Paris

 Upon arrival in Paris, Jose was disappointed because landlords in

Paris were taking advantage of the rent because of the festivities.
 He spend most of his time in Bibliotheque Nationale and continuing
learning different languages.
 He also continued his fencing lessons with Juan Luna.
 He wrote different writings during his stay in Paris.
 The Philippine within a Century – He discussed the glory of Filipino
race and how the Spanish destroyed it.
 The Indolence of the Filipino - Jose discussed the lack of enthusiasm
of Filipinos and reasons behind it.

Works in Brussels

 This is where Jose Rizal started writing his second most famous novel,
El Filibusterismo. (September 18, 1891)
 He was accompanied by Jose Alberto and later by Jose Alejandro.
 He spent most of his time writing the novel and writing articles for the
newspaper.
 Rizal adapted every articles written in German and translated it in
Spanish and Tagalog.
 He also condemned Filipinos in Madrid addicted to gambling.
 One night, he dreamed he was not able to reach the age of 30.
 He joked about it, calling himself Laong Laan. (always ready)
 Inspite of the advices and danger, he was decided to return to
Philippines again.

Second Homecoming (1892)

 He was decided to return to Philippines because was persecuted and

tortured by the Spanish government.
 Before returning, he went to Madrid spending alone in the winter
carrying all his problems.
 He experienced downside moments in Madrid thinking the injustices of
his family in Calamba.
 He then publicly challenged Wenceslao Retana in a duel and his blood
is the payment for his insolence.
 December 1890 – Rizal received a letter from Leonor Rivera.
 For several years he spend his time in Madrid, until the time of his
homecoming.
 June 26, 1892 – Rizal arrived in Manila together with Lucia.
 From his arrival, guardia civil were waiting for him.
 He then visited his sister and he was shadowed by government spies.
 He then attended a meeting of Chinese Mestizos in Tondo, Manila
which aimed in the creation of La Liga Filipina.
Languages Learned by Jose Rizal
Hebrew Catalan Subanon Sanskrit Spanish
Portuguese
Filipino German Chinese
Dutch Greek Chavacano
Ilokano Arabic
Latin Nihonggo English Swedish
Bisayan Malay
French Russian

Second Arrival in the Philippines

 June 26, 1892 – Jose Rizal arrived in the Philippines together with his
sister, Lucia.
 Before leaving Europe, he declared to the Filipinos in Europe:
 “The fight is in the Philippines, not in Madrid. There we should meet,
help each other, cry and triumph for the sake of our country.”
 His objectives in returning in the Philippines were:
 Borneo Colonization Project
 Establish a Civic Organization
 Stop the persecution of his family and his fellowmen
 In his arrival, he was met by guardia civil and asked to stay in Hotel de
Oriente.
 In the afternoon, he asked to have a discussion with Governor-general
Eulogio Despujol.
 July 6, 1892 – Despujol changed his decision asking if he will return to
Hongkong.
 Upon inspection, Despujol found brochures entitled “Pobres Frailes.”
 Pobres Frailes (Poor Friars) – These were brochures authored by
Father Jacinto discussing about the vast richness of Dominican friars
contrary to their monastic vow of poverty.
 There were two suspicions about the brochures.
 It was by accident packed by Lucia from the home of Jose Maria Basa
in Hongkong.
 It was planted by the Spanish guards in his bag.
 Because of this event, Despujol decided to imprison Rizal in Fuerza de
Santiago before his exile to Dapitan.

La Liga Filipina

 July 3, 1892 – in the house of Doroteo Ongjunco, a group of Filipino

mestizos decided to create a group opposing the Spanish and helping the
Filipinos.
 La Liga Filipina (Filipino League) – a civic organization of Filipinos
aimed for reforms under Spanish government.
 Objectives of La Liga Filipina
 To unite all Filipinos under one organization.
 To give financial and economical aide to poor Filipinos.
 To oppose persecution and injustices.
 To develop and improve education system, agriculture and trading.
 To research and implement social reforms.
 The philosophy of the organization was “ Unus Pro Omnibus.”


The Arrest of Rizal

 July 7, 1892 – The supposed meeting of Rizal and Despujol turned out
to be an arrest of Rizal.
 He was imprisoned at Fort Santiago until July 14, 1892.
 July 15, 1892 – Rizal was secretly transported with maximum security
aboard the ship Cebu bound for Zamboanga.
 Upon the declaration of Despujol, these were the reasons Rizal was
imprisoned.
 He was in possession of articles and books which oppose the
government and country of Spain.
 He had a brochure opposing the Catholic Church.
 His novel, El Filibusterismo was dedicated to the three Gomburza.
 The main objective of his articles was to separate the Filipinos from the
Catholic Church.

Exile to Dapitan

 Aboard the ship Cebu, Rizal was accompanied by two military guards,
a sergeant ,a corporal and Spanish soldiers bound for Mindanao garrison.
 Captain Delgras – the captain of the ship.
 Upon arrival in Dapitan, he was handed to Captain Ricardo Carcinero.
 According to Pablo Pastells, Rizal could stay in a convent under certain
conditions:
 He would swear an allegiance to the Spanish government.
 He would confess to the Church every aspect of his life.
 He would talk and act like a Spanish.
 He refused the conditions and stayed under the supervision of Capt.
Carcinero.

Life in Dapitan (1892 – 1896)

 He lived in the house of Captain Ricardo Carcinero.

 Ricardo Carcinero – a young, liberated and an open-minded man who
welcomed Rizal not as a prisoner but as a guest.
 Carcinero and Rizal became friends, that is why Rizal always reported
good things about the captain.
 A Don Ricardo Carcinero – a poem authored by Rizal which was given
on August 26, 1892.
 Two months after, he won a lottery in Manila having the ticket number
of 9736 together with Carcinero and Francisco Equilor.
 6, 200 pesos was the share of Jose Rizal which he gave some to his
father and to Maria Basa.
 The rest of the money were used to buy a land in Talisay.
 Rizal continued painting, sculpting and making poems in Dapitan.
 Sculptures:

o A Lady in Dapitan
o Bust of Saint Peter
o Bust of Father Guerrico
o Bust of Josephine Bracken

 Poems:

o Hymn to Talisay
o My Retreat
o To Josephine
o The Song of the Traveler

Life in Dapitan (1892 – 1896)

 He became a famous surgeon in Dapitan, putting up his own clinic.

 August 1893 – Rizal operated his sister Maria and did the final
operation on the eye of his mother.
 March 1895 – Rizal started the water system in Dapitan together with
Father Francisco de Paula Sanchez.
 He improved also the park in Dapitan, which was preserved by
Engineer Cameron.
 1893 -1896 – Rizal valued education, putting up school catering to poor
Filipinos.
 The subjects were Reading, Writing, Geography, Mathematics,
Industrial Arts, Science, English and Spanish, Boxing and Gymnastics and
Maritime Navigation.
 Rizal also studied Biology, studying and collecting different organisms,
discovering new species animals.

o Draco rizali – lizard

o Apogonia rizali – coconut beetle
o Rhacaphorus rizali - frog

 Mi Retiro (My Retreat) – a poem requested by Teodora Alonso to Rizal

which was send on October 22, 1895.
 The content was all about the life of Rizal’s life in Dapitan.
 Rizal became a farmer and an entrepreneur, and his main client was
Ramon Carreon.
 He invented a machine, creating a 6000 bricks a day.
 August 28. 1893 – Leonor Rivera died, which was healed by the arrival
of Josephine Bracken.
 Josephine Bracken – an Irish woman who hailed from Hongkong.
 She was the last love of Jose Rizal.
 March 1895 – She accompanied his stepfather, George Taufer to be
operated in the eyes.
 The time they met they fell in love with each other.
 The time they planned to marry, the Catholic Church disagreed
knowing Rizal was a masonic member.
 They were married accordance to their own will.
 They lived happily and peacefully, but their only child died three hours
after giving birth.

The Katipunan

 Upon the exile of Rizal, two organizations were created.

o Cuerpo de Compromisarios
o Katipunan

 Katipunan was the prevalent group among the two.

 Jose Rizal was the honorary president in the establishment of the
secret society.

A Visit from Dr. Pio Valenzuela

 June 21, 1896 – Bonifacio send Valenzuela to Fort Santiago to ask for
support from Jose Rizal.
 Jose Rizal refused to help for several reasons:
 The Filipinos were not prepared to fight.
 Filipinos lacked weaponry against the Spanish.
 The Katipunan offered help but Rizal refused.
 He wanted to be a doctor of the Spanish army to study their military
tactics and practicality.
 He wanted to give time for the Filipinos to gather weapons against the
Spanish.

Rizal’s Last Travel

 July 31, 1896 – Rizal travelled in Manila together with Narcisa,

Josephine and some nephews accordance to the order of Governor-
general Blanco.
 August 6, 1896 – Jose Rizal was bound to Spain but the ship left.
 August 19, 1896 – Katipunan was discovered.
 August 23, 1896 – Rizal left Manila bound for Singapore aboard the
ship Isla de Panay.
 Pedro Roxas urged Rizal to stay in Singapore to plan for the revolution
but he refused.
 September 30, 1896 – Rizal was imprisoned in the ship.
 October 6, 1896 – Rizal was imprisoned in Montjuic.
 November 3, 1896 – aboard the ship SS Colon, Rizal arrived in Manila
and imprisoned in Fort Santiago.

The Trial of Jose Rizal (1896)

 November 29, 1896 – The Spanish government started the trial against
Jose Rizal.
 The basis of the case were:

o Oral Arguments
o Documented Evidences

 Aside from Rizal, several people were on the trial:

o Moises Salavador
o Deodato Arellano
o Ambrocio Salvador
o Pio Valenzuela

 December 7, 1896 – The Spanish Royal Cortes suggested:

o Jose Rizal should be presented in the court immediately.

o Jose Rizal should stay in prison.
o The Jury should be composed of Spanish soldiers.
o Jose Rizal should pay 1 million Mexican pesos.

 December 8, 1896 – Jose Rizal chose Luis Taviel de Andrade to be his

defendant.
 December 11, 1896- Jose Rizal was charged with cases:

o Treason
o Sedition

 Jose Rizal urged the Katipunan to stop the fighting, which was not
heard by the Filipinos.
 December 26, 1896 – It was the day of trial of Jose Rizal headed by:

o Lieutenant Coronel Jose Togores Arjona

o Captain Santiago Izquierdo Osorio
o Captain Braulio Rodriguez
o Captain Muñoz Arias
o Captain Manuel Diaz Escribano
o Captain Fernandez Perez Rodriguez
o Enrique de Alocer

 Josephine Bracken was on the trial including some of the siblings of

Jose Rizal.
 Luis Taviel de Andrade– defended Rizal and said the jury should not
be judgmental but rather just.
 December 28, 1896 – Jose Rizal was sentenced to firing squad in
December 30, 1896.

Jose Rizal’s Last Moments

 Jose Rizal was sent to be imprisoned again in Fort Santiago.

 Several priests visited Rizal tried to convince Rizal to take back
everything he said against the Spanish government ,but he refused.
 Teodora Alonso, Francisco Mercado and Narcisa were the only
allowed people to visit him.
 He gave all his possession especially his alcohol stove, containing his
last novel, Mi Ultimo Adios.
 December 30, 1896 – Rizal asked Vicente Balaquer to conduct a
wedding between Rizal and Bracken.
 He gave a book to Bracken, De La Imitacion de Cristo.
 The last message of Rizal to Josephine was “To my dear and unhappy
wife, Josephine Bracken.”
 He also gave a letter to his parents asking for forgiveness, a letter to
Paciano saying he love him and thanking him and saying by the time he
received the letter his dead.
 December 30, 1896 – Rizal walked to Bagumbayan guarded by
Spanish soldiers together with Father Estanislao March, FatherJose
Villaclara.
 7: 03 AM – Jose Rizal was killed by a firing squad.
 A bullet in his pelvic was the one that killed him.

Lessons from Rizal

 Value for Education

 Love for Family
 Nationalism and Patriotism
 Self-sacrifice for the Greater Good
 Stand to what is just and truthful