B.

Sc (University Of Ruhuna)
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meyeÈ,sj fjka lr y÷kd.; yels wdldrhg w¾: olajkq ,nk iuQyhla ^tl;=jla& l=,lhla f,i
y÷kajhs' tu l=,lhg wh;a jk oE tu l=,lfha “wjhj” f,i y÷kajhs'
l=,lhg wh;a jk wjhj ixLHd" fN!;sl jia;+ka" Ôùka w;r fukau ixfla; o l=,lhg wh;a
úh yelsh'

WodyrK

01. mdie,a isiqka

02. brÜfÜ ixLHd
03. md:ul ixLHd

by; iuQyfhka ksYaÑ; ,laIK wkqj meyeÈ,sj fjkalr .; yelsh' tneúka tAjd l=,l f,i
y÷kd.; yelsh'
01. Wi <uqka
02. olaI <uqka
03. ,iaik ì<s÷ka
04. rij;a m,;=re
fujeks tAjd ksYaÑ; ,laIK wkqj fjka lr y÷kd.; fkdyelsh' tneúka tajd l=,l f,i
y÷kd .; fkdyelsh'

1'0 l=,l kï lsÍu

l=,lhla kï lsÍug bx.%Sis lemsg,a wlaIr .kq ,nhs'

WodyrK - A = {10 g wvq T;af;a ixLHd}

B = {i;sfha osk}

iEu wjhjhlau fjkalr oelaùug fldud “,” ,l=K Ndú;d lrhs' l=,lhla ;=< tla
wjhjhla fhdokqfha tla jrla mu‚'  u.ska wjhj nj;a"  wjhjhla fkdjk nj;a fmkajhs'

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A = {1, 3, 5, 5, 7, 9}
1, 3, 5, 5, 7, 9 fuys wjhj fõ'

tneúka 1  A f,i 1 ys A wjhjhla nj m%ldY lrhs'

kuq;a 2, A ys wjhjhla fkdfõ' th 2  A f,i olajhs'

wNHdi

my; i|yka l=,l j, wjhj ,shkak'

01. {10g wvq brÜg ixLHd}

02. {1;a 10;a w;r 10ys .=Kdldr}
03. {i;sfha Èk}
04. {‘wiuiu’ jpkh ,sùug fhdod.kakd wlaIr}
05. {SATHOSA jpkh ,sùug Ndú;d lrk wlaIr}

ms<s;=re

01. = {2, 4, 6, 8}
02. = {10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90}
jeo.;a 1 ;a 100;a w;r jk neúka 100 fuys wjhjhla fkdfõ'
03. = {i`ÿod" w`.yrejdod" nodod" n%yiam;skaod" isl=rdod" fikiqrdod" bßod}
04. = {w" i" u}
jeo.;a - l=,lhla ;=< tla wjhjhla fhdokqfha tla jrla jk neúka i" u hk wlaIr
foj;djla fkd,shuq'
05. = {S, A, T, H, O}
fuys§o by; wdldruh'

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2'0 l=,l wxlkh

l=,lhla ksrEmKh l< yelsh wdldr y;rla we;' fuf,i l=,lhla ksrEmKh lsÍu l=,l
wxlkh f,i y÷kajhs'

WodyrK - 1-20;a w;r 3ys .=Kdldr l=,lh i,luq'

1' 2'1 úia;r lsÍula f,i"

fuys § wod< l=,lh ksYaÑ;ju y`ÿkd.; yels jk wdldrfhka fmdÿ ,laIKhla fyda ,laIK
lsysmhla iÕ, jryka ;=< ,súh yelsh'
A = {1;a 20;a w;r ;=fkys .=Kdldr}

2' 3'2 wjhj ,ehsia;=.; lsÍu fyj;a wjhj ish,a, ,shd oelaùu' u.ska"
A = {3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18}

 fuys § tla tla wjhj “fldud” ,l=fKka fjkalr iÕ, jryka ;=< ,sùfuka l=,lh ,shd
oelaúh yels jk w;r wjhj ,shk mámdáh jeo.;a fkdfõ'
{3, 6, 9, ……….} fyda {18, 15, 12, ……..} wdldrhg ,súh yel'

1' 2'2 fjka rEm igykla u.ska

3 12
A
6
18
9
15

fuu wdldrfha § wod< wjhj fjka rEm igykla ;=< fjka fjka jYfhka oelaùu isÿ lrhs'

l=,lhla rEmhla wdldrfhka ksrEmKh lsÍu uq,a jrg y÷kajd fok

,oafoa bx.%Sis cd;sl “fcdaka fjka” kï .Ks;{hd úiskah' tneúka
Tyqg .re lsÍula jYfhka fuu ixjD;a; rEmh fjka rEm igyk
f,i kï lrk ,§'

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1' 2'3 l=,l ckk iajrEmfhka

A = {x : x ;=fkys .=Kdldrhls' ; 1 < x < 20}

fmdÿ ,laIKh mrdih

x wjhjh i`oyd fmdÿ ùcSh wlaIrhla i`oyka lrhs'

fuu wdldrfha § {x : x ……………}

{x / x…………….} hk wdldr foflkau ±laúh yel'

01. 1;a 10;a w;r 2ys .=Kdldr l=,lh wdldr 04kau ku olajkak'

i. A = {1;a 10 ;a w;r 2ys .=Kdldr}

ii. A = {2, 4, 6, 8}
iii. 2
4 A
6 8

iv. A = {x : x hkq 2ys .=Kdldrhls' ; 1 < x < 10}

02. 1 isg 25 olajd we;s 5ys .=Kdldr l=,lh wdldr" wdldr y;frkau olajkak'

i. B = {1 isg 25 olajd we;s 5ys .=Kdldr}

ii. B = {5, 10, 15, 20, 25}
fuys § 25 o wjhjhla f,i olajd we;' thg fya;=j kï l=,lfha olajd we;af;a 25
olajd hk wdldrhghs' olajd f,i i|yka lr we;akï 25 o" wjhjhla fõ'

iii. 20
15 B
10 255

iv. B = {x : x hkq 1 isg 25 olajd we;s 5 ys .=Kdldrhls' 1 < x < 25}

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awNHdi ud,dj 18'1

1' my; oS we;s iuQy w;ßka l=,l f,i oelaúh yels iuQy f;darkak'
(i). .Dy NDKav (ii). jeo.;a mqoa.,hska
(iii). ,xldfõ isg w.ue;sjre (iv). osjhsfka we;s osia;%slal
(v). wvq wdodhï ,nk mqoa.,hska (vi). ;d, j¾.hg wh;a .ia
(vii). fyd`o kjl:d fmd;a (viii). jdyk j¾.
(ix). Wi f.dvke.s,s (x). ,xldfõ jefjk ù j¾.

2' my; oS we;s l=,l

a. úia;r lsÍula f,i
b. ,ehsia;= .; lsÍula f,i
c. fjka rEmhla f,i ksrEmKh lrkak'

(i). bx.%Sis fydaäfha iajr

(ii). .Dyia: j we;s lrk isõmdjqka
(iii). 1-50 olajd we;s mfya .=Kdldr
(iv). zz l¾lg ksj¾;kh ZZ hk jpk foflys wl=re l=,lh
(v). 1 - 100 olajd we;s brÜg m%:ul ixLHd
(vi). ol=KQ wdishd;sl rgj,a

3' my; oS we;s l=,l i`oyd iqÿiq kdu fhdokak'

(i). {10,20,30,40,50,60,70,80,90}
(ii). { ld¾" nia" f,dß" nhsisl,a" g%elag¾}
(iii). {ks,a" ly" r;=" iqÿ" ;eô,s}
(iv). {iup;=ri%" iDcqfldaKdi%" iudka;rdi%" frdïni" ;%smsiShu" jD;a; p;=ri%h}
(v). {W;=r" W;=reueo" jhU" ngysr" ol=K" inr.uqj" W!j" uOHu" kef.kysr}

4' my; oS we;s l=,lj, wjhk i`., jryka ;=< ,shkak'

(i). {os. ukska tall}
(ii). { ;%sfldaK j¾.}

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(iii). {YS¾I fkdue;s >k jia;=}

(iv). {Yla;s m%fNao}
(v). {ljlgq fmÜáfha we;s WmlrK}

5' zz ∈ ZZ fyda zz ∈ ZZ hk ixfla; foflka iqÿiq ixfla; fhdod ysia;eka mqrjkak'

(i). cHdh '''''''''''''' { jD;a;hl fldgia }
(ii). .srjd '''''''''''''' { isõmdjqka }
(iii). 9 '''''''''''''' { m%:ul ixLHd }
(iv). msróvh '''''''''''''' { >k jia;=}
(v). jh,Skh '''''''''''''' { ix.S; NdKav }
(vi). úys; p;=ri%h '''''''''''''' { p;=ri% j¾. }
(vii). ÿr mekSu '''''''''''''' { u,, lS%vd }
(viii). fldia '''''''''''''' { m,;=re }

6' my; i`oyka tla tla l=,lhg wh;a i¾j;% l=,lh kï lrkak'
(i). {l%slÜ" mdmkaÿ" r.¾" ''''''' }
(ii). { ;%sfldaK" p;=ri%" mxpdi%h" ''''''' }
(iii). {pd,l" úNj" úoHq;a" pqïNl" '''''' }
(iv). {f¾äfhdaj" rEmjdysksh" YS;lrKh" '''''' }
(v). {rE," ;rdosh" Trf,daiqj" '''''' }
(vi). {is,skavrh" fla;=j" >klh" ''''''' }
(vii). {isfuka;s" je,s" .fvd,a" ''''''' }

7' my; i`oyka l=,l w;ßka mßñ; wmßñ; yd wNsY+kH l=,l f;darkak'
(i). {T;af;a ixLHd} (ii). { ;%sfldaK j¾.}
(iii). {jvquvqj hk jpkfha wl=re } (iv). {is,skavrhl we;s YS¾I}
(v). {.%y f,dal} (vi). {ksÅ,}
(vii). {iup;=ri%}
(viii). { odÿ leghla fojrla Wv oeófï oS ftlH 13 ,eîu }

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8' my; oS we;s l=,l j, wfkal;ajh ,shkak'

(i). {1-50 olajd iup;=ri% ixLHd }
(ii). { iajr fkdjk bx.%sis fydaäfha wl=re }
(iii). {odÿ leghla Wv oeófï oS ,eìh yels m%;sM, }
(iv). {wg osYd }
(v). {ldia folla tljr Wv oeófï oS ,eìh yels m%;Ms ,}
(vi). {m%Odk fmdah }
(vii). {1 isg 100 olajd 9 ys .=Kdldr }
(viii). { MISISIPPI hk jpkfha wl=re }

9' my; oS we;s l=,lj, Wm l=,l ish,a, ,shkak'

(i). A = {ldishla Wv oeófï oS ,eìh yels m%;sM, }
(ii). B = { 1"3"6 }
(iii). C = {oaúuh ixLHd l%ufha Ndú; jk b,lalï}
(iv). D = {A,B,C }
(v). E = {1"4"9"16 }

10' my; oS we;s l=,lj, Wml=,l ixLHdj lSh o@

(i). A = {2" 4" 6" 8" 10 }
(ii). B = { iumdo ;%sfldaK" iuoaúmdo ;%sfldaK" úIumdo ;%sfldaK }
(iii). C = {W;=r" ol=K" kef.kysr" ngysr}
(iv). D = {H, T }
(v). E = {1" 2" 3" 4" 5}
(vi). F = {0}

11' '' ⊂ '' fyda '' ⊄'' hk ixfla; foflka iqÿiq ixfla;h fhdod ysia;eka mqrjkak'

(i). {5" 10" 15} ''''''''' { 1 - 50 w;r mfya .=Kdlr }

(ii). { a, e } ''''''''' { a, e, i, o, u }
(iii). {1" 3" 4} ....... {1" 3" 5" 7" 9 }
(iv). {H, T } ....... { H, T }
(v). { } ....... { 1 - 20 w;r .Ks; ixLHd }
(vi). { 6" 10 } ....... { 1 - 50 w;r iup;=ri% ixLHd }

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12' my; oS we;s l=,lj,'

(a). 𝐴∪𝐵
(b). 𝐴 ∩𝐵
(c). A' ys wjhj ,shkak'

(i). 𝜀 = { 1, 2, 3, 4, … … , 12" A = {2,3,4,5,6}" B = {2,4,6,8,10}

(ii). 𝜀 = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5,6,7,8,9,10}" A = {2, 5,7}" B = {1, 3, 5,7,9}
(iii). 𝜀 = { ks,a" ly" r;=" iqÿ" ;eô,s" oï" fld," l`M }
A = {ks,a" ly" r;=" iqÿ" ;eô,s}" B = {ly" r;=" fld<" l`M}
(iv). 𝜀 = { CONBUSTIBLE hk jpkfha wl=re },
A = {COMB hk jpkfha wl=re }" B = {COME hk jpkfha wl=re}
(v). {𝜀 = { 1 - 25 w;r .Ks; ixLHd}
A = { 1 - 25 w;r ;%sfldaK ixLHd }" B= {1-25 w;r iup;=rY% ixLHd}

13' by; 12 .eg`Mfõ oS we;s l=,l fjka rEmj, olajkak'

14' my; fjka rEm j, w`ÿre lr we;s m%foaY kï lrkak'

(i). 𝜀

A B

(ii).

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(iii).

(iv).

(v).

(vi).

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wNHdi ud,dj 18'2

1' 𝑛(𝜀) = 60, 𝑛(𝑥) = 42 kï" 𝑛(𝑥 ′ ) fidhkak'

2' 𝑛(𝜀) = 45, 𝑛(𝐵) = 38 yd 𝑛(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵) = 61 kï" fïjd fidhkak'

(i). 𝑛(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) (ii). 𝑛(𝐴′ ) (iii). 𝑛(𝐵 ′ )

(iv). 𝑛(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵) (v). 𝑛(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵)′

3' (a). my; oS we;s fjka rEmj, Bg háka olajd we;s m%foaY mdg lrkak'

(i). 𝐴 ∪ 𝐵 𝜀

𝜀
(ii). 𝐴 ∩ 𝐵

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(iii). 𝐴′

(iv). 𝐵′

(v).(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵)′
𝜀

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(vi).
(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵)′
𝜀

(vii).
𝐴 ∩ 𝐵′
𝜀

(viii). 𝜀
𝐵 ∩ 𝐴′

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4'

by; oS we;s fjka rEm igyk wkqidrfhka fïjd fidhkak'

(i). 𝑥 (ii). 𝑛(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵) (iii). 𝑛(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵)

(iv). 𝑛(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵)′ (v). 𝑛(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵)′ (vi). 𝑛(𝐴)
(vii). 𝑛(𝐵)

5' mka;shl isák isiqka 30 fofkl=f.ka 7 fofkla YsIH Ng lKavdhfï isák w;r 5
fofkla fjk;a l%Svdj,g iyNd.S fõ' fofofkla l%Svd yd YsIH Ng lKavdhï folu
ksfhdackh lrhs'

(i). fuu o;a; fjka rEm igykl olajkak'

(ii). lsisu l%svdjlg iyNd.S fkd jk fyda YsIH Ng lKavdhfï fkdue;s isiqka
.Kk fidhkak'

6' mdie,lska l%Svd ;r`.dj,shka i`oyd isiqka 41 fofkla iyNd.S jQ w;r" bka 22 fofkla
Odjk ;r`. i`oyd iyNd.S jQ w;r 19 fofkla msáh ;r`. i`oyd iyNd.S úh' 7 fofkla
Odjk yd msáh hk biõ foj¾.hg u bosßm;a úh'

(i). fï ;r`. fjka rEm igyklska olajkak'

(ii). Odjk yd msáh ;r`. i`oyd bosßm;a jQ iïmQ¾K l%svlhka .Kk lSh o@

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(iii). Odjk yd msáh ;r`. yer fjk;a ;r`.j,g bosßm;a jQ l%svlhka .Kk lSho@
(iv). Odjk ;r`. i`oyd muKla bosßm;a jQ l%Svlhka .Kk lSh o@
(v). msáh ;r`. i`oyd muKla bosßm;a jQ l%Svlhka .Kk lSh o@

7' .ul cSj;a jk mjq,a 124la ms<sn`oj mY= iïm;a iïnkaOfhka nlrk ,o iólaIKhl
my; i`oyka o;a; tl;= lr f.k we;'

(a). n,a,ka we;s lrk mjq,a .Kk = 44

(b). n<¨ka we;s lrk mjq,a .Kk = 58
(c). n,a,ka yd n<¨ka hk foj¾.h u we;s lrk mjq,a .Kk = 24

(i). fuu o;a; fjka igykl olajkak'

fjka igyk wkqidrfhka'
(ii). n,a,ka fyda n<¨ka fyda we;s lrk iïmQ¾K mjq,a .Kk
(iii). n,a,ka fyda n<¨ka fyda we;s fkdlrk mjq,a .Kk
(iv). n,a,ka muKla we;s lrk mjq,a .Kk
(v). n<¨ka muKla we;s lrk mjq,a .Kk
(vi). n,a,ka fyda n<¨ka we;s fkdlrk mjq,a j, m%;sY;h .Kkh lrkak'

8' tla;rd kd.ßl m%foaYhl cSj;a jk ksjeishka f.ka 74] la Ys;lrKhla mdúÉÑ lrk
w;r 63] la fros fidaok hka;h
% la mdúÉÑ lr;s' 40] la YS;lrKhla yd frosfidaok
hka;%hla hk fol u mdúÉÑ lr;s'

(i). fuu f;dr;=re fjka igykl olajkak'

(ii). Ys;lrKhla fyda fros fidaokhla fyda ta folu fyda mdúÉÑ lrk mjq,a
ixLHdfõ m%;sY;h fldmuK o@
(iii). Ys;lrKhla fyda fros fidaokhla fyda fkdue;s mjq,aj, m%;sY;h fldmuK o@
(iv). Ys;lrKhla muKla we;s mjq,a ixLHdfõ m%;sY;h fldmuK o@
(v). fros fidaokhla muKla we;s mjq,a ixLHdfõ m%;sY;h fldmuK o@
(vi). Ys;lrKhla muKla mdúÉÑ lrk mjq,a ixLHdj 68 kï m%foaYfha cSj;ajk
mjq,a ixLHdj lSh o@

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1' my; oS we;s m%ldYk i;H kï zzZZ ,l=Ko wi;H kï zz X ZZ ,l=Ko bosßfhka we;s ysia;ek
;=< fhdokak'

i. .Ks; ixLHd l=,lhg 0 wh;a fkdfõ ' ^'''''''''''''&

ii. m%lD;s ixLHd l=,lh" .Ks; ixLHd l=,lfha Wml=,lhls' ^'''''''''''''&
iii. -1 m%lD;s ixLHd l=,lfha wjhjhls' ^'''''''''''''&
iv. ksÅ, l=,lh mßfïh ixLHd l=,lfha Wml=,lhls' ^'''''''''''''&
v. ish`Mu .Ks; ixLHdo mßfïh ixLHd fõ' ^'''''''''''''&
vi. m%lD;s ixLHd l=,lh mßfïh ixLHd l=,lfha Wml=,lhls' ^'''''''''''''&
1 3
vii. 2" -2" 2" − 4 hk ish`Mu ixLHd mßfïh ixLHd fõ' ^'''''''''''''&

viii. ish`Mu Nd. ixLHd mßfuah ixLHd fkdfõ' ^'''''''''''''&

2. my; oS we;s tla tla l=,lhg wh;a wjhj my ne.ska ,shkak'

i. .Ks; ixLHd l=,lh

ii. m%lD;s ixLHd l=,lh

iii. ksÅ, l=,lh

iv. mßfïh ixLHd l=,lh

3' my; oS we;s ixLHd" weiqfrka oS we;s j.=j iïmq¾K lrkak'

1 1 5 1 3 7
3" -5" 2" 0" 2" 4" 10" -7" 7" − 3" 11
" -1" − 9

.Ks; ixLHd m%lD;s ixLHd ksÅ, mßfïh ixLHd

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