GROUP 1: FAMILY, CHILDHOOD AND EDUCATION

I. SUMMARY
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to:
 Analyze the family, childhood, and early education of Rizal.
 Evaluate the people and events and their influence on Rizal’s early life

II. INTRODUCTION
The Rizal family was well-known in Calamba, Laguna, and they were
regarded as one of the largest families at the time. They lived a comfortable
and prosperous life, believing that his family belonged to the principalia class
or the ruling elite of their town. Jose Rizal was born into a 13-member family
that included his father, Don Francisco Mercado II, and mother, Teodora
Alonso Realonda. Jose Rizal grew up with nine sisters and one brother.
Saturnina Rizal was the eldest child, followed by Paciano, Narcisa, Olympia,
Lucia, Maria, Jose, Concepcion, Josefa, and Soledad. Rizal was of mixed
race; his paternal descendant was Domingo Lamco, a full-blooded Chinese.
Domingo Lamco married a wealthy Chinese mestiza, Ines de la Rosa, and
took the surname Mercado, which means "market," in accordance with
Narciso Claveria's gubernatorial decree prohibiting the use of Spanish
surnames. The couple relocated from the Parian in Manila to Bian, Laguna,
and became tenants in the Dominican hacienda. Rizal's father was one of the
14 children of his paternal grandfather, Juan Mercado, and his grandmother
was Cirila Alejandrino, a Chinese-Filipino mestiza. Juan Mercado was elected
governor of Bian Laguna. Manuel de Quintos, a Chinese mestizo from
Lingayen, Pangasinan, was Rizal's maternal great grandfather. Manuel
married Regina Ursua, who had Japanese ancestors, and they had Rizal's
grandmother, Brigida, who married Lorenzo Alberto Alonso, one of their
children.
III. FAMILY
A. The Mercado Family
a. Family Background
 Genealogical graph of parents & siblings of Rizal

Genealogical Graph of:

Francisco Engracio Rizal Mercado y Alejandro

Teodora Morales Alonzo Realonda y Quintos

Siblings of Jose Rizal

 b. Multiracial Ancestry/ Mixed Racial Ancestry
Ancestry Mixed Racial Origin From his

Father side

 Domino Lam-Co (a full-blooded Chinese from Amoy, China) - - Ines de la Rosa

(Chinese half-breed)
 Francisco Mercado - - Bernarda Monicha (21 children)
 Juan Mercado - - Cirila Alejandra (14 children)
 Francisco Mercado Rizal

Mother side

 Regina Ursua/Ochoa– Manuel de Quintos (2 children)

 Brigida de Quintos Lorenzo Alberto Alonzo (7 children)
 Teodora Alonzo

Multiracial Ancestry

 Spanish
 Chinese
 Japanese
 Malayo-Polynesian
 Negrito

IV. EARLY CHILDHOOD

B. Calamba, Laguna
a. 19 June 1861 – Birth
b. 22 June 1861 – He was baptized in the catholic church of
his town at the age of 3 days old. Father Rufino Callantes priest
who baptized Rizal. Father Pedro Cansañas, Rizal’s Godfather.
c. 1864 - learned the alphabet from his mother

The Hero’s First Sorrow

d. 1865 - Jose was closely attached to Concha
(Concepcion). He was a year older than Concha. He learned the
sweetness of sisterly love from her. Unfortunately, Concha died
of sickness when he was only 3 years old. He cried for the first
time: caused by love and grief. This was Jose's first sorrow.

e. 1865-1867 - his mother taught him how to read and write

 Leon Monroy - taught Rizal the rudiments of Latin
 Uncle Manuel Alberto - taught the latter love for the nature
  Uncle Gregorio - instilled love for education
 Usman – Rizal’s dog
f. 1869 - “At the age of eight, Rizal wrote his first poem in the native language
entitled Sa Aking mga Kababata (To My Fellow Children)

C. In Binan Laguna
a. 1870 – his brother Paciano brought Rizal to Binan,
Laguna
 Justiniano Aquino Cruz - taught Rizal Latin and Spanish
 Juancho Carera - taught him the art of painting
D. Early Influences
a. The parable of the Moth
 His mother- encouraged him to express his ideas and sentiments in verse
 “The Story of the Moth” about the mother moth warning its offspring of the
danger of fluttering to close to flame. The little moth did not heed the advice;
thus, it was burned by the flame.
o gave him the moral lesson that if one must succeed, he must take risks
and prepare for the worst consequences. Without courage, there will
be no glory.
V. EARLY EDUCATION
E. In Calamba and Binan
a. Dona Teodora - First teacher of Rizal
b. Private Tutors
 Maestro Celestino
 Maestro Lucas Padua
 Maestro Leon Monroy

c. Uncles of Rizal
 Uncle Jose Alberto - gave wise direction in the studies of
Jose
 Uncle Gregorio - instilled into the mind of Jose the love
for education

d. Maestro Justiniano Aquino Cruz

 Rizal described Maestro Justiniano as tall, thin, long-
necked, sharp-nosed, with a body slightly bent forward

e. First Brawl in School

 Jose met the bully, Pedro (Maestro Justiniano's son). He
was angry at this bully for making fun of him during his
conversation with the teacher. He challenged Pedro to a
 fight and he won. He having learned the art of wrestling
from his athletic Tio Manuel, defeated the bigger boy.
 After the class: a classmate named Andres Salandanan
challenged Jose to an arm- wrestling match. They went to
a sidewalk of a house and wrestled with their arms. Jose,
having the weaker arm, lost and nearly cracked his head
on the sidewalk.

f. Painting Lesson
 Juancho: father-in-law of the school's teacher
 Jose, lured by his love for painting, spent many leisure
hours at the painter's studio.
 Old Juancho freely gave him lessons in drawing and
painting. Jose and his classmate, Jose Guevarra, who
also loved painting, became apprentices of the old painter

g. Rizal’s Daily Routine

 1. Hears mass at 4:00 am or studies lesson at that hour
before going to mass
 2. Goes to the orchard to look for a mabolo to cat
 3. Breakfast rice and 2 dried small fish
 4. Goes to class until 10:00 am and goes home for lunch
 5. Goes back to school at 2:00 pm and comes out at 5:00
pm
 6. Pray with cousins and returns home
 7. Studies lesson and draw a little
 8. Supper. 1 or 2 rice with ana ayungin
 9. Pray again and if there's a moon, plays with cousins

h. Best Student in School

 Jose beat all the Binan boys in academic studies. Older
classmates were jealous of his intellectual superiority.
 They wickedly squealed to the teacher whenever Jose
had a fight outside the school and told lies to discredit
him before the teacher's eyes. Teacher had to punish
Jose five or six blows while laid out on a bench from his
teacher.
i. END OF BINAN SCHOOLING
 Saturnina: arrival of the steamer
Talim which would take him from
 Binan to Calamba. This was Jose's
first time to ride in a steamer
 December 17, 1870
Jose left Biñan using the
steamer Talim for Calamba Arturo
Camps
 Frenchman and friend of his father
who took care of him during his trip.

II. TASTE OF INJUSTICE

A. Heard some disgusting events (1872)
a. Mother’s imprisonment
 In 1872. Doña Teodora was arrested
on a malicious charge that she and
her brother, Jose Alberto, tried to
poison the latter's perfidious wife.
 Jose Alberto planned to divorce his
wife because of her infidelity. His
wife connived with the Spanish
lieutenant of the Guardia Civil and
filed a case against Rizal's mother.
 Antonio Vivencio Del Rosario
o Gobernadorcillio of Calamba,
helped the lieutenant arrest
Dona Teodora

o
b. Execution of GOMBURZA

 About 200 Filipino Soldiers and workmen of the Cavite

arsenal under the leadership of La madrid. Filipino
Sergeant, rose in violent mutiny because their usual
privileges were abolished, including exemption from
tribute and polo (forced labor) by: Gov. Rafael de
Izquierdo. The mutiny was suppressed.
 At that time Rizal was a young boy of 11 years. When he
asked why the three secular priests were executed, he
was told to hush up as the Spaniards had become
suspicious about anyone wishing to know about what
happened in 1872 The GOMBURZA execution awakened
 the nationalism of the Filipinos, yet at the same time, they
became aware of the fact that anyone or anything
threatening Spanish superiority in the country could be
severely dealt with. Filipinos with liberal tendencies could
be threatened with reprisals. The Rizal family had a
special relationship with one of the priests, as Father
Burgos was a professor and friend of Paciano. Their link
with the martyred priests was treated with suspicion by
authorities. Paciano quit college after the execution and
related the story of their martyrdom to his younger
brother.

VI. CONCLUSION

Jose Rizal's childhood can be characterized by his desire to learn,

even visiting a church near his home to watch and observe people but not
being religiously inclined. Jose Rizal was not a physically gifted or strong
child, but he had a strong will that was guided and taught to him by his
mother, his first teacher. He learned almost entirely without the aid of books.
His mother was the one who laid the groundwork for his incredible knowledge
in such a short period of time. His brilliance was also reflected in the character
of young Jose Rizal.

VII. MATERIALS
De Viana, A.V., Cabrera, F.C., Samala, E.P., De Vera, M.M., & Atutubo, J.C.
(2018). Jose Rizal: Social Reformer and Patriot. Rex Book Store, Inc.

Zaide, G.F. & Zaide, S.M. (2008). Jose Rizal: life, works and writings of a genius
writer, scientist and national hero. All-Nations Publishing Co., Inc.

VIII. SOURCES
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fDEvvED6bqs
https://angbuhaynijprizal.wordpress.com/rizals-childhood/
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vu1uQ2QMU-w
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mt9Kaq8uITE
https://www.scribd.com/document/481798336/CHAPTER-1-3-OF-LIFE-AND-
WORKS-OF-RIZAL
https://prezi.com/rxeifreafgfu/early-education-of-jose-rizal/
https://www.studocu.com/ph/document/ilocos-sur-polytechnic-state-college/life-and-
work-of-rizal/rizals-life-family-childhood-and-early-education/14375559
https://www.scribd.com/document/493571319/Lesson-1-Rizal-s-Life-Family-
Childhood-and-Early-Education#

ICE BREAKER

 Preparing Songs Entitled “Young wise and book”

Short Quiz
1. What have you learned based on the presentation?
2. Is anyone of you able to summarize what we discussed earlier?
3. Why do you believe it is important to study Rizal's life?
4. As a student, do you believe that the youth are the hope of the nation?
5. What are the salient points in the discussion? Can you elaborate?