Injection

In order to enhance surface area of continuous liquid by turning it into droplets a consistent
disturbance source is required . This disturbance source is provided either by injector in some designs
and other designs create conditions in which such disturbance keeps

Injection is continouos process which initaies the events of breakup into discontinuous dispersed flow .
This continuous process can not be cast into a process and many modeling techniques have been used.

Any change in injection rate causes change in

Spatial vs temporal sampling .

The difference is not enough to appear in patternator .

Any instability which occurs can be

Spray in a dielse engine Impinging jet atomization

Spray formation in diesel engine Sheet Formation and atomization in impinging

jets .

Spray Simulation Methodologies:

 Carrier phase

Langrangian phase

Gap in the body of knowledge

How a spray evolves?

Fuel Injector
Liquid Sheet Break up Dynamics
Droplet Drag and Breakup Dynamics
Multiple Droplet Evaporation
Droplet Collision
Droplet Combustion

Considering all these phenomenon together and comparing with experimental results it can be
seen that total umber ofe vents occurring are , this calls for a need discrete event simulation
with separelty defined collision rules
Summarizing all above events it can be seen that number of events exceed the total number of
outcomes measured and from secondary atomization to reestablihsemnt of conutous flow it can
be seen tha t

The required objective of reaching a if e droplets if secondary atomization is achieved by

introducing a jet which breaks itself upon entering a chamber due to disturbances or two jets
colliding with each other From this point onwards each droplet starts to behave as an entity, the
drag

Role of surface waves

Impinging jet

Review Question 1 :

For the case of Simulation can it be approximated ?

This is out of scope of this project

For rockets impinging jets are considered which have a different mechanism

For combustion chamber where air is not a reliable source of disturbance for generating
droplets from sprays , available as an environment in which jet is injected and impacted with
each other . This can be used to reduces the timescale at which events of atomization and
mixing (collision) occur. This rapid mixing has an effect of directionally though because when
injecting into air not such problem is formulated hence number of injectors have to be balanced.
.Also the cone angle which is mentioned is not generated as mentioned in advantages rather
the shape is elliptical in nature. The behavior of this impinging jet can be modeled with same
assumptions as of an unstable jet . Wave instability grows on this surface which is formed due
to impingement and then drops are formed.

These results can be seen from arfeen thesis