Republic of the Philippines

UNIVERSITY OF EASTERN PHILIPPINES

University Town, Catarman, Northern Samar

GRADUATE STUDIES

Final Examination
In
Educ. 802 (Advanced Educational Psychology)

Name: Lilian Jane R. Carpon

Course: MATEEd

1. Constructivism Learning Theory – constructivists believe that students learn by doing, and that
students will create their own understanding of a topic or problem through participation.

Example: In my own experience as a kindergarten teacher, I have observed that pupils are more
interested on hands-on activities like molding clays and independent art works.

Behaviorism – a theory of learning which states all behaviors are learned through interaction with the
environment through a process called conditioning.

Example: If the teacher rewards the learners with ‘stars’ or ‘stamps’ every time the learner participates
in class, the desired behavior is consistently reinforced. As a result, the learner will become more likely
to participate in class.

Humanistic Learning Theory – the key concept focus on the idea that children are good at the core and
that education should focus on rational ways to teach the “whole” child.

Example: Teachers can help students set learning goals at the beginning of the year, and then help
design pathways for students to reach their goals. Students are in charge of their learning, and teachers
can help steer them in the right direction.

Cognitivism – focus on the ability of students to guide their own learning using mental strategies

Example: Giving your learners opportunities to complete meaningful tasks to solidify learning, for
example, role playing customer services scenarios.

Social Learning Theory – social behavior is learned by observing and imitating the behavior of others.

Example: One of the most evident being the behaviors of children, as they imitate family members,
friends, famous figures and even television characters. If a child perceives there is a meaningful reward
for such behavior, they will perform it at some point.
2. In the classroom setting, I don’t see reinforcement and bribing as the same amount. Simply because in
reinforcement pupils are encouraged to participate and to learn. For example, when a pupil participated
in the class discussion the teacher will acknowledge him/her regardless whether the answer is right or
wrong thus the pupil will be motivated to participate more and to learn. While bribing on the other
hand, participation and learning of the pupils is forced. Like for instance the teacher will promise to give
the pupils a reward if they will get a high score in the exam, so the pupils will be motivated to study
more looking forward for the reward. Therefore, reinforcement is to encourage learning while bribing is
to force learning.

3. Physical development and wellness is an important part in the cognitive development of a person. A
person with a good physical development have mastered the fine and gross motor skills in which
develop into better concentration and better memory which are both essential to education.

4. Reinforcement and punishment is one way of setting rules and limitations in the classroom. In this
way the teacher can implement classroom management wherein appropriate behavior and active
participation in class are rewarded while punishing misconduct or undesirable behavior. Although
reinforcement should be more utilized in the classroom and punishment must always be done with care.

5. The components of the educative process are the teacher, the learner and the curriculum, these
components go hand in hand. The teacher is considered as the facilitator and the implementor of the
educative process while the learner is the receiver and the curriculum is the subject matter which to be
learned, the way it is to be learned and the setting in which is to be learned.

6. Understanding students’ lives can help teachers foster a sense of belonging and ensure that all
students feel respected and challenged. Culturally responsive teaching aims to bridge the gap between
teachers and students, it connects students’ culture, language, and life experiences with what they learn
in school. These connections help students access rigorous curriculum and develop higher-level
academic skills.

7. At home, parents can create climate where their children feel free to say how they feel and what they
think and be accepted for who they are without fear of being put down or punished. They can be free to
reveal their individuality. When a good psychological climate is developed at home, it is expected that
the child is well-mannered which will also impact the child’s interaction towards other learners and
teachers and also will show desirable performance towards education.

8. A struggling learner is the one who has a difficulty in learning in one subject or worst in all areas.
Teachers identify this learner through the learner’s performance in daily basis. And as teachers it is our
responsibility to address the difficulty of our learners. To do so, here are some of my tips on how to deal
with struggling learners based on my own teaching experience. First, we have to assess in which the
learner has a difficulty with, we may use anecdotal record in doing so. Then, gather more information
about the learner, do a background check or better yet have a home visit so the teacher can discuss with
guardians of the learner about the learner’s difficulty. With all the assessment the teacher do for the
struggling learner, the teacher can come up now with the strategies and teaching approaches suitable
for the learner’s needs.
9. The basic psychological needs are as follows:

Autonomy – a sense of choice and endorsement in a task; individuals act volitionally with a sense of
choice, whereas those who are independent prefer to work alone. Autonomous individuals can choose
to work alone or can rely on others yet still gain a sense of intrinsic motivation from engaging tasks.

Competence – the concept of competence originates from the idea that individuals seek to control
outcomes and this control allows them to experience mastery over a task or particular domain.

Relatedness – individuals are social animals and have a need to interact with other human beings .

10. As teachers, we are not task to ensure the cognitive development of our learners alone but also to
guide and mold them to attain a desirable behavior. Teachers often encounter problems regarding the
behavior of their students and as the second parents of the learners it is just necessary to correct this
undesirable behaviors following a step by step process and showing to the learners the care we have for
them.