Electrcal Mcqs Indiabix Compiled by ASK PDF

1
1. When these numbers are multiplied, (6 × The number 4.4 × 106 ohms expressed
103) (5 × 105), the result is using a metric prefix is
A. 3 × 108 A. 4k
B. 30 × 108 B. 4.4 k
C. 300 × 109 C. 4 M
D. 3,000 × 107 D. 4.4 M

Answer: Option B Answer: Option D
Resistance is measured in
A. henries
The number of microamperes in 2 milliamperes is
B. ohms
A. 2 µA
C. hertz
B. 20 µA
D. watts
C. 200 µA
Answer: Option B
The number 65,000 expressed in D. 2,000 µA
scientific notation as a number between 1
and 10 times a power of ten is Answer: Option D
The number of millivolts in 0.06 kilovolts is
A. 0.65 × 104
A. 600 V
B. 6.5 × 104
B. 6,000 mV
C. 65 × 104
C. 60,000 mV
D. 650 × 103
D. 600,000 mV
Answer: Option B
When converting 7,000 nA to Answer: Option C
microamperes, the result is Eighteen thousand watts is the same as
A. 0.007 µA A. 18 mW
B. 0.7 µA B. 18 MW
C. 700 µA C. 18 kW
D. 7 µA D. 18 µW
Answer: Option D Answer: Option C
The number of kilowatts in 135 milliwatts
is The number 3.2 × 10–5 A expressed using a metric prefix is
A. 1.35 × 10–4 kW A. 32 µA
B. 135 × 10–3 kW B. 3.3 µA
C. 0.0135 kW C. 320 mA
D. 0.00135 kW D. 3,200 mA
Answer: Option A Answer: Option A
When converting 0.16 mA to microamperes, the result is
Compiled by: Engr. Abdul Shakoor

2
A. 16 µA C. 4.5 × 10-3
B. 160 µA D. either 4,500 × 104 or 4.5 × 106
C. 1,600 µA Answer: Option B

When converting 1,600 kilohms to megohms, the result is
D. 0.0016 µA A. 1,600,000 M
Answer: Option B
When these numbers are added, (87 × 105) + (2.5 × 106B.
), the160 M is
result
A. 1.12 × 104 C. 1.6 M
B. 11.2 × 105 D. 0.160 M
C. 112 × 105 Answer: Option C
What is (79 × 106)/(12 × 10–8)?
D. 1,120 × 106 A. 6,580 × 1012
Answer: Option C
The quantity 3.3 × 103 is the same as B. 658 × 1010
A. 330 C. 6.58 × 1014
B. 3,300 D. 0.658 × 1016
C. 33,000 Answer: Option C
D. 0.0033 Fourteen milliamperes can be expressed as

Answer: Option B A. 14 MA
Which of the following is not an electrical quantity? B. 14 µA

A. voltage C. 14 kA
B. current D. 14 mA
C. distance Answer: Option D
The number 4.38 × 10–3 expressed as a number having a powe
D. power A. 4,380 × 10–6
Answer: Option C
Seven thousand volts can be expressed as B. 438 × 10–6
A. 7 kV C. 43,800 × 10–6
B. 7 MV D. 438,000 × 10–6
C. 7 mV Answer: Option A
D. either 7 kV or 7 mV Voltage is measured in

Answer: Option A A. volts
The number 4,500,000 can be expressed as
B. farads
A. 4,500 × 106
C. watts
B. 4.5 × 106
D. ohms

3
B. a switch is closed
The number 0.0003 multiplied by 10-3 is
A. 0.0000003 C. the switch is either open or closed
B. 0.0003 D. there is no voltage

Answer: Option B
C. 3 The minimum resistance value for a blue, gray, red, silver
D. 3,000 resistor is
Answer: Option A
The number of megohms in 0.03 kilohms is
A. 612
A. 0.00002 M
B. 6,120
B. 0.0002 M
C. 6,800
C. 3 × 10–5 M
D. 6,460
D. either 0.00002 M or 0.0002 M
Answer: Option B
Answer: Option C
The quantity 43 × 10-3 is the same as Because of 10% tolerance(last color silver),
this resistance may vary 10% of 6800.
A. 0.043
Minimum resistance value = 6800 - 680 =
B. 0.430 6120
C. 430 Maximum resistance value = 6800 + 680 =

7480
D. 43,000
The maximum resistance value for a brown, red, yellow,
Answer: Option A gold resistor is
Voltage, Current and Resistance Current is
[A]. 126,000 measured in
Materials with lots of free electrons are called
[B]. 126,600 A. watts
A. conductors
[C]. 114,000 B. volts
B. insulators
[D]. 132,000 C. henries
C. semiconductors
D. amperes
D. filters Which of the following is not a type of energy source?
Answer: Option D
Answer: Option A A. generator
The unit of electrical charge is the
A. coulomb B. rheostat
B. joule C. solar cell
C. volt D. battery
Answer: Option B
D. watt When placed close together, two positively charged materials w
A. attract Current is
Current flows in a circuit when measured in
A. a switch is opened B. become neutral A. watts

4
C. become negative
D. repel
Answer: Option D
Q = 8/10 given;
The conductance of an 8 ohm resistance is t=4s
A. 12.5 mS
Now current i = Q / t
B. 8 mS i = (8/10)/4
i = 2/10;
C. 12 S i = 0.2 A
D. 125 mS When the current is 2.5 A, how many coulombs pass a

point in 0.2 s?
Answer: Option D
Electrons in the outer orbit are called A. 12.5 C
A. nuclei B. 1.25 C
B. valences C. 0.5 C
C. waves D. 5 C
D. shells Answer: Option C
The colored bands for a 4,700 ohm resistor with a ten
Answer: Option B
percent tolerance are
A thermistor is a type of
A. yellow, violet, red, gold
A. switch
B. yellow, violet, orange, gold
B. resistor
C. yellow, violet, red, silver
C. battery
D. orange, violet, red, silver
D. power supply
Answer: Option C
Answer: Option B
A material that does not allow current under normal
A two-terminal variable resistor is known as a
conditions is a(n)
A. potentiometer
A. insulator
B. thermistor
B. conductor
C. rheostat
C. semiconductor
D. wiper
D. valence
Answer: Option C
Answer: Option A
Eight-tenths
coulomb passes a
The unit of electrical charge is the
point in 4 s. The
A. volt current in
amperes is
B. ampere
A. 1.6 A
C. joule
B. 16 A

5
D. coulomb D. none of the above

Answer: Option D Answer: Option A
A red, red, orange, gold resistor has a nominal value of
A multimeter measures
A. 22,000
A. current
B. 2,200
B. voltage
C. 22
C. resistance
D. 2.2
D. current, voltage, and resistance
Answer: Option A
Answer: Option D
A wiper is the sliding contact in a An ohmmeter is an instrument for measuring
A. switch A. current
B. photoconductive cell B. voltage
C. thermistor C. resistance
D. potentiometer D. wattage
The current in a given circuit is not to exceed 24 A. Which
If there is 6 A of current through the filament value of fuse is best?
of a lamp, how many coulombs of charge
move through the filament in 1.75 s? A. a fuse is not necessary
A. 10.5 C B. 10 A
B. 105 C C. 24 A
C. 3.4 C D. 20 A
D. 34 C Answer: Option C
Ohm's Law
Answer: Option A
An electric heater draws 3.5AAneutral
from a atom
110 V source. The
A circuit breaker is a resistance of the heating element is approximately
with an atomic
A. fuse [A]. 385 number of five
has how many
B. switch [B]. 38.5 electrons?
A. 1
C. resettable protective device [C]. 3.1
B. 5
D. resistor [D]. 31
Answer: Option C Answer: Option D C. none
According to ohm's law V = IR
An ammeter is an electrical instrument used to measure
depends
A. current D. on the type
Resistance = voltage/current
=110/3.5 of atom
B. voltage
=31.4 Answer: Option B
C. resistance
If 750 µA is flowing through 11 k of resistance, what is

6
the
[D]. 590 mA
voltage drop across the resistor?
Answer: Option C
[A]. 8.25 V
How much resistance is required to limit the current
[B]. 82.5 V
from a 12 V battery to 3.6 mA?
[C]. 14.6 V A. 3.3 k
[D]. 146 V B. 33 k
Answer: Option A
V=IR C. 2.2 k
V=(0.750)*(11) D. 22 k
Answer: Option A
V=8.25
What is the voltage source for a circuit carrying 2 A of
current through a 36 resistor?
A. 1.8
The formula to find I when the values of V and R are known is V
A. I = VR B. 18 V
B. I = R/V C. 7.2 V
C. V = IR D. 72 V
D. I = V/R Answer: Option D
Answer: Option D
What is the approximate resistance setting of a rheostat
A resistor is connected across a 50 V source. What is the current in the resistor if the color code is
in which 650 mA of current flows with a 150 V source?
red, orange, orange, silver?
A. 9.7
[A]. 2 mA
B. 97
[B]. 2.2 mA
[C]. 214 mA C. 23
[D]. 21.4 mA D. 230

resistance = 23* (10)^3 (+ or -)10 = 23010 or
22990 How much voltage is needed to produce 2.5 A of current
current = ( voltage / resistance)= (50 / through a 200 resistor?
23010)= 2.2 mA A. 50 V
B. 500 V
Approximately how many milliamperes of current
flow through a circuit with a 40 V source and C. 80 V
6.8 k of resistance?
D. 8 V
[A]. 27.2 mA
Answer: Option B
[B]. 59 mA When there is 12 mA of current through a 1.2 k resistor,
the voltage across the resistor is
[C]. 5.9 mA
A. 14.4 V

7
B. 1.4 V C. 3.2 V
C. 100 V D. 32 V
D. 10 V Answer: Option D
Answer: Option A If 24 V are applied across a resistor and there are

10.9 mA of current, the resistance is
A resistance of 3.3 M is connected across a 500 V source.
A. 220 k
The resulting current is approximately
[A]. 15.1 µA B. 22 k
[B]. 151 µA C. 2.2 k
[C]. 66 mA D. 220
[D]. 660 mA Answer: Option C
How much resistance is needed to draw 17.6 mA
Answer: Option B from a 12 volt source?
You are
You are measuring the current in a circuit that A. 212 measuring the
is operated on an 18 V battery. The ammeter current in a circuit
reads 40 mA. Later you notice the current has B. 6.8 k that is operated
dropped to 20 mA. How much has the voltage on an 18 V
changed? C. 68 battery. The
ammeter reads 40
A. 9V D. 680
mA. Later you
B. 900 mV Answer: Option D notice the current
has dropped to 20
C. 0 V How much current is produced
mA.byHow
a voltage
much of 18 kV
across a 15 k resistance? has the voltage
D. 18 V changed?
A. 1.2 A
Answer: Option A A. 9 V
The current through a flashlight bulb is 40 mA B. 12 A
and the total battery voltage is 4.5 V. The B. 900 mV
resistance of the bulb is approximately C. 120 mA
C. 0 V
A. 112 D. 12 mA
D. 18 V
B. 11.2 Answer: Option A
Answer: Option A
C. 1.2 A current of 200 µA through a 6.8 k resistor produces
a voltage drop of
D. 18 A. 34.4 V
Answer: Option A
If you wish to increase the amount of current in B. 340 V
a resistor from 120 mA to 160 mA by changing
the 24 V source, what should C. 13.6 V
the new voltage setting be? D. 1.36 V
A. 8V
Answer: Option D
B. 320 V Four amperes of current are measured through a
24 resistor connected across a voltage source. How
much voltage does the source produce?

8
A. 960 V C. 2
B. 9.6 V D. 20
C. 96 V Answer: Option D
What is the approximate filament resistance of a
D. 8 V light bulb if it operates from a 110 V source and
0.6 A of current is flowing?
Answer: Option C
A. 183
Twelve volts are applied across a resistor. A current of
3 mA B. 18.3
is measured. What is the value of the resistor?
66
A. 4 C.
B. 400 D. 6.6
C. 4 k Answer: Option A
D. 4.4 What is the approximate resistance of a rheostat if the

voltage source is 18 V and the current is 220 mA?
Answer: Option C
When 12 V are applied across a 68 resistor, A. 8.2 k
the current is
B. 820
A. 816 mA
C. 8.2
B. 17.6 mA
D. 82
C. 176 mA
Answer: Option D
D. 8.16 mA Energy and Power
Answer: Option C
Approximately how much current flows through A 33 half-watt resistor and a 330 half-
a 3.3 M resistor across a 30 V source? watt resistor are connected across a
12 V source. Which one(s) will overheat?
A. 9 A
A. 33
B. 90 A
B. 330
C. 900 A
C. both resistors
D. 9000 A D. neither resistor
Answer: Option A Answer: Option D
When the pointer of an analog ohmmeter
A 120 V lamp-dimming circuit is controlled by a reads close to zero, the resistor being
rheostat and protected from excessive current by measured is
a 3 A fuse. To what minimum resistance value can the rheostat be set without blowing the fuse?
Assume a lamp resistance of 20 ohms. A. overheated
A. 40 B. shorted
B. 4 C. open

9
Answer: Option C
D. reversed
p=i*h so 3.5*6=21
Answer: Option B
In 0.025 W, there are A 15 V source is connected across a

12 resistor. How much energy is used in
A. 25 kW
three minutes?
B. 0.00025 mW A. 938 Wh
C. 2,500 µW B. 0.938 Wh
D. 25 mW C. 56.25 Wh
Answer: Option D
D. 5.6 Wh
A certain appliance uses 350 W. If it is Answer: Option B
allowed to run continuously for 24 days, how 15v/12=1.25amps P=VI = 15*1.25=18.75 ,
many kilowatt-hours of energy does it FOR TIME IN MINUTE 3/60=.05 POWER IN
consume? THREE MINUTE=.05*18.75=.9375
[A]. 20.16 kWh
[B]. 201.6 kWh At the end of a 14 day period, your utility bill
shows that you have used 18 kWh. What is
[C]. 2.01 kWh
your average daily power?
[D]. 8.4 kWh A. 1.286 kWh
Answer: Option B
B. 12.85 kWh
Kwh = (350*24*24)/1000
= 201.6kWh C. 535 kWh
D. 252 kWh
A power supply produces a 0.6 W output with Answer: Option A
an input of 0.7 W. Its percentage of efficiency Average bill per day=total no.of units
is consumed/no.of days
=18/14
A. 8.57%
=1.286
B. 42.85%
C. 4.28% A 120 resistor must carry a maximum

current of 25 mA. Its rating should be at least
D. 85.7% [A]. 4.8 W
Answer: Option D
[B]. 150 mW
A given power supply is capable of providing 6
[C]. 15 mW
A for 3.5 h. Its ampere-hour rating is
A. 0.58 Ah [D]. 480 mW
Answer: Option B
B. 2.1 Ah
i^2*r
C. 21 Ah =.025*.025*120=75mw
D. 58 Ah

10
If you used 400 W of power for 30 h, you have

A. 30 kW
used
A. 1.3 kWh B. 30 W
B. 13.3 kWh C. 3 W
C. 1.2 kWh D. 300 kW

Answer: Option A
D. 12 kWh How many watt-hours represent 65 W used for 18 h?
Answer: Option D A. 11.7 Wh
400 * 30 = 12000 Wh = 12kWh
B. 1,170 Wh
A 6 V battery is connected to a C. 11,700 Wh
300 load. Under these conditions, it is
rated at 40 Ah. How long can it supply D. 117,000 Wh
current to the load?
Answer: Option B
A. 1h Wh = Power*Time.
Wh = 65*18 = 1170Wh.
B. 200 h
C. 2,000 h For 12 V and 40 mA, the power is

D. 10 h A. 480 mW
Answer: Option C B. 0.480 W
P=VI
E=P*t C. 480,000 µW
I=V/R=6/300=.02A
40=.02*t D. all of the above
t=40/.02=2000h Answer: Option D
A 220 resistor dissipates 3 W. The voltage is
In 40 kW, there are [A]. 73.3 V
A. 0.4 mW
[B]. 2.5 V
B. 40,000 W
[C]. 25.7 V
C. 400 W
[D]. 257 V
D. 5,000 W Answer: Option C
Answer: Option B power = v^2/r
hence, 220 = v^2/3
If you used 600 W of power for 60 h, you have used
or, sqrt(660) = v
A. 36 kWh therefore, v = 25.693 volts.
B. 3.6 kWh
A 3.3 k resistor dissipates 0.25 W. The
C. 10 kWh current is
D. 1 kWh A. 8.7 mA
Answer: Option A B. 87 mA
If it takes 400 ms to use 12,000 J of energy, the power is

11
C. 8.7 µA [C]. 12 V
D. 8.7 A [D]. 6 V
Answer: Option A Answer: Option C
W = I2R
When the current through a 12 k resistor is 8 mA, the power
I = square root(W/R)
A. 7.68 mW
= square root( 0.25/(3.3x1000) ) B. 768 mW
= 0.0087038828 C. 7.68 W
= 8.7 mA D. 76.8 W
Answer: Option B
A half-watt is equal to how many milliwatts? A 68 resistor is connected across the terminals of a 3 V
battery. The power dissipation of the resistor is
A. 5,000 mW
A. 132 mW
B. 5 mW
B. 13.2 mW
C. 500 mW
C. 22.6 mW
D. 50 mW
D. 226 mW
Answer: Option C
The Energy E = P*t Answer: Option A Three hundred
E/t = P Series Circuits joules of energy
are consumed in
300/15 = P 15 s. The
When a fourth resistor is connected in power
series is
P = 20 W with three resistors, the total resistance
[A]. 2,000 W
How much continuous current can be drawn A. increases by one-fourth
[B]. 2 W
from a 60 Ah battery for 14 h?
A. 42.8 A B. increases [C]. 20 W
B. 428 A [D]. 200 W

C. decreases
Answer: Option C
C. 4.28 A
D. remains the same
D. 4.2 A
Answer: Option C Answer: Option B
t*h =60 A string of five series resistors is connected
across a 6 V battery. Zero voltage is
t = 60/14 =4.28 measured across all resistors except R3. The
voltage across R3 is
A. 0V
A 75 load uses 2 W of power. The output
voltage of the power supply is approximately
B. 1.2 V
[A]. 120 V
[B]. 1.2 V

12
Which of the following series combinations

C. 6 V
dissipates the most power when connected
across a 120 V source?
D. 0.6 V
A. one 220 resistor
Answer: Option C
A series circuit consists of three resistors with B. two 220 resistors
values of 120 , 270 , and 330 . The
total resistance is
C. three 220 resistors
A. less than 120
D. four 220 resistors
B. the average of the values
Answer: Option A
C. 720
When one of three series resistors is removed
from a circuit and the circuit is reconnected,
D. 120 the current
A. increases
Answer: Option C
A certain series circuit consists of a 1/8 W B. increases by one-third

resistor, a 1/4 W resistor, and a 1/2 W
resistor. The total resistance is 1200 . If C. decreases by one-third
each resistor is operating in the circuit at its
maximum power dissipation, total current flow
is decreases by the amount of current
D.
through the removed resistor
A. 27 mA
Answer: Option A
B. 2.7 mA The total power in a certain circuit is 12 W.
Each of the four equal-value series resistors
making up the circuit dissipates
C. 19 mA
A. 12 W
D. 190 mA
B. 48 W
Answer: Option A
Explanation: C. 3 W
Total P = P1 + P2 + P3 = 7/8w.
P = I2R. D. 8 W
I = sqrt (P/R) Answer: Option C

The following resistors (one each) are
Now, P = 7/8w, R = 1200 ohm. connected in a series circuit: 470 , 680 , 1
k , and 1.2 k . The voltage source is 20 V.
Therefore, Current through the 680 resistor is
approximately
I= sqrt ( (7/8)/1200 ) = 0.0270030862 = 27
mA. [A]. 60 mA
[B]. 30 mA

13
[C]. 6 mA
A. 69 mA
[D]. 300 mA
Answer: Option C B. 230 mA
Current flowing will be same through out the
circuit.. C. 23 mA
So total resistors = 470 + 680 + 1k + 1.2K =
3.35 kohms
D. 690 mA
i=v/r
20/3.35k Answer: Option B
=5.97mA
which is equal to 6mA
470/(3x680)=230 mv
There are five resistors in a given series circuit and
All the voltage drops and the source voltage
each resistor has 6 V dropped across it. The source voltage
added together in a series circuit is equal
to A. is 6 V
A. the total of the voltage drops
B. depends on the current flow
B. the source voltage
C. depends on the resistor values
C. zero
D. is 30 V
D. the total of the source voltage and the voltage drops
Answer: Option D
Answer: Option C
If a 6 V and a 9 V source are connected series aiding,
Two resistors are in series: a 5.6 k resistor and the total voltage is
a 4.7 k resistor. The voltage drop across the
5.6 k resistor is 10 V. The voltage across the A. 6V
4.7 k resistor is
A. 8.39 V B. 9 V
B. 10 V C. 3 V
C. 2.32 V D. 15 V
Answer: Option D
D. 0 V
Answer: Option A
The total resistance of eight 5.6 k resistors in series is
current across 5.6 kohm register =
10/5.6*1000=0.00178 A A. 8
so,voltage across 4.7 Kohm =.00178*4.7=8.3A
B. 5,600
Three 680 resistors are connected in series
with a 470 V source. Current in the circuit is

14
C. 4,480 D. 163 mA 1
B.
A
Answer: Option C
D. 44,800
I= V/R.
A series circuit
Answer: Option D has a 24 V source
R= R1+R2+R3+R4. and a total
A series circuit has a 24 V source and a total resistance of 1.
= 68+47+220+33. The current
resistance of 120 . The current through each
resistor is through each
= 368. resistor is
A. 24 mA
I = V/R. A. 24 mA
4
B. 200 mA = 12/368*1000. A
B. 200 mA
C. 120 mA = 32.6 mA.

C. 120 mA
D. 20 mA If a 24 V and a 6 V battery are series opposing,

the total voltage is D. 20 mA
Answer: Option B A. 30 V
I = v/r Answer: Option B
C.
= 24/120 B. 24 V
= 0.2 in milliampere 0.3
= 200 mA D.
C. 18 V A
. To measure the current out of the second Answer: Option A

D. 0 V
resistor in a circuit consisting of four resistors, an ammeter can be
placed Answer: Option C
A. between the second and third resistors
A series circuit consists of three resistors. Two resistors
are 1.2 k each. The total resistance is 12 k . The value
B. at the negative terminal of the source
of the third resistor
A. is 9,600
C. between the third and fourth resistors
B. is 960
D. at any point in the circuit
Answer: Option D C. is 1.2 k

A 12 V battery is connected across a series
combination of 68 , 47 , 220 , and
D. cannot be determined
33 . The amount of current is
A. 326 mA Answer: Option A
r1+r2+r3=R
1.2+1.2+X=12
B. 16.3 mA
x=9.6 Kiloohm
9600 ohm
C. 32.6 mA

15
Four equal-value resistors are in series with a

D. 6.91%
12 V battery and 13.63 mA are measured.
The value of each resistor is
Answer: Option D
A. 22 V=IR
series----I constant
v prop. R
B. 220
v prop 680
v' prop 47
C. 880 dividing v'=47/680V
v'=.069V
ie 6.9 %
D. 88
Answer: Option B Two 6 V batteries are connected series

Explanation: aiding across two 1.2 k resistors in
series. Current through each resistor is
Total Resistance, r = 12 / 13.63
A. 5 mA
= 0.880 in ohms
Total Resistance, r= 880 B. 10 mA
Each resistance value = r/4
C. 0 A
= 880/4
Each resistance value = 220 ohms. D. 2.5 mA
Two 1.5 V cells are connected series
opposing across two 100 resistors in Answer: Option A
series. Total current flow is v=ir; i=v/r;
A. 15 mA v=12
r=2.4k
B. 5 mA i=12/2.4
i=5mA
Parallel Circuits
C. 2 mA
An ammeter has an internal resistance of
50 . The meter movement itself can handle
D. 0 A up to 1 mA. If 10 mA is applied to the meter,
the shunt resistor, RSH1, is approximately
Answer: Option D
[A]. 55
The total resistance of a circuit is 680 . The
percentage of the total voltage appearing
[B]. 5.5
across a 47 resistor that makes up part of
the total series resistance is [C]. 50
A. 68%
[D]. 9
B. 47% Answer: Option B
Rsh = Rm/(m-1)
Where as Rm = Meter Resistance
C. 69% m = Multiplying Factor ( 10mA/1mA = 10)
Rsh = 50/(10-1) = 5.5 ohm

16
The total resistance of a parallel circuit is Answer: Option D

50 . If the total current is 120 mA, the When a 1.6 k resistor and a 120 resistor
current through the 270 resistor that makes are connected in parallel, the total resistance
up part of the parallel circuit is approximately is
A. greater than 1.6 k
A. 22 mA
greater than 120 but less than 1.6 k

B. 120 mA B.
C. 220 mA
less than 120 but greater than
C.
100
D. 50 mA
D. less than 100
Answer: Option A
According to current div rule. Answer: Option C
If there are a total of 120 mA into a parallel
Current= (total current*total resistance) circuit consisting of three branches, and two of
/particular resistance the branch currents are 40 mA and 10 mA, the
120 ma * 50/270 = 22ma third branch current is
A. 50 mA
The currents into a junction flow along two
paths. One current is 4 A and the other is 3 A. B. 70 mA
The total current out of the junction is
A. 1A C. 120 mA
B. 7 A D. 40 mA
C. unknown Answer: Option B

Three lights are connected in parallel across a
120 volt source. If one light burns out,
D. the larger of the two
A. the remaining two will glow dimmer
Answer: Option B
B. the remaining two will glow brighter
When an additional resistor is connected
across an existing parallel circuit, the total
resistance C. the remaining two will not light
A. remains the same

the remaining two will glow with the
D.
same brightness as before
decreases by the value of the added
B.
resistor Answer: Option D
Four equal-value resistors are connected in
increases by the value of the added parallel. Ten volts are applied across the
C. parallel circuit and 2 mA are measured from
resistor
the source. The value of each resistor is
D. decreases A. 12.5

17
B. 200 D. 12 W
Answer: Option B
C. 20 K
A 470 resistor, a 220 resistor, and a 100
resistor are all in parallel. The total resistance is
D. 50 approximately
A. 790
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
10/(R/4) = 2 mA B. 470
40/R = 2 mA
C. 60
R = 40/2 mA
D. 30
= 40/0.002 A
Answer: Option C
= 20000 kohm (20 kohm) Explanation:
A set of Christmas tree lights is connected in 1/R = (1/470 + 1/220 + 1/100)
parallel across a 110 V source. The filament
of each light bulb is 1.8 k . The current R = 59.98 ohm
through each bulb is approximately
[A]. 610 mA
Five light bulbs are connected in parallel across 110 V.
[B]. 18 mA Each bulb is rated at 200 W. The current through each bulb
is approximately
[C]. 110 mA
[A]. 2.2 A
[D]. 61 mA
[B]. 137 mA
Answer: Option D
V=110v. [C]. 1.8 A
R=1.8K ohms.
I=? [D]. 9.09 A
Answer: Option C
V=IR.
That means I= 200/110= 1. 8 A.
I=110/1800=0.061AMP=61ma.
Four resistors of equal value are connected in parallel.
If the total voltage is 15 V and the total resistance is
600 , the current through each parallel resistor is
The power dissipation in each of four parallel
branches is 1.2 W. The total power dissipation [A]. 25 mA
is
[B]. 100 mA
A. 1.2 W
[C]. 6.25 mA
B. 4.8 W
[D]. 200 mA
Answer: Option C
C. 0.3 W
I = v/r.
r = 600, v=15.

18
So, I =15/600 = 0.025.

C. an increase in source voltage
I = 0.025/4,
I = 0.00625,
I = 6.25mA. D. either a drop in source voltage or an open resistor
Answer: Option C
Five 100 resistors are connected in

parallel. If one resistor is removed, the total In a certain three-branch parallel circuit, R1 has 12 mA
resistance is through it, R2 has 15 mA through it, and R3 has 25 mA
through it. After measuring a total of 27 mA, you can
A. 25 say that
A. R3 is open
B. 500
B. R1 is open
C. 100
C. R2 is open
D. 20
Answer: Option A D. the circuit is operating properly
Four 8 speakers are connected in parallel Answer: Option A

to the output of an audio amplifier. If the he following currents are measured in the same direction
maximum voltage to the speakers is 12 V, the in a three-branch parallel circuit: 200 mA, 340 mA, and
amplifier must be able to deliver to the 700 mA. The value of the current into the junction of these
speakers branches is
[A]. 18 W A. 200 mA
[B]. 1.5 W B. 540 mA

[C]. 48 W
C. 1.24 A
[D]. 72 W
Answer: Option D D. 900 mA
Rt = 1/8+1/8+1/8+1/8.
Answer: Option C
Rt = 2 ohm.
The following resistors are in parallel across a voltage
I = 12/2 = 6 amp. source: 220 , 470 , and 560 . The resistor with the
least current is
P = 6*12 = 72 watt.
A. 220
A sudden increase in the total current into a

parallel circuit may indicate B. 470
A. a drop in source voltage

C. 560
B. an open resistor
D. impossible to determine without knowing

19
15*R = I*2R
the voltage
I = 15/2 = 7.5.
Answer: Option C
Three 47 resistors are connected in parallel across =
a 110
15/3volt
= 5.source. The current drawn from the
source is approximately
[A]. 2.3 A = 15/4 = 3.75.
[B]. 780 mA TOTAL current is 15+7.5+5+3.75 = 31.25.
[C]. 47 mA
Six resistors are in parallel. The two lowest-value resistors
[D]. 7.06 A are both 1.2 k . The total resistance
Answer: Option D [A]. is less than 6 k
Equation should be
Req=R/N [B]. is greater than 1.2 k
Req=R1/1+R2/1+R3/1
Req=47/3 [C]. is less than 1.2 k
Req=15.6 ohms
I=V/R [D]. is less than 600
I=110/15.6 Answer: Option D
I=7.06 A In a five-branch parallel circuit, there are 12 mA of current
in each branch. If one of the branches opens, the current in
each of the
There is a total of 800 mA of current into four parallel resistors. Theother four through
currents branches is of
three
the resistors are 40 mA, 70 mA, and 200 mA. The current
A. through
48 mAthe fourth resistor is
A. 490 mA
B. 12 mA
B. 800 mA
C. 0 A
C. 310 mA
D. 3 mA
0A
D. Answer: Option B
For five parallel branch total current is 60mA
If one branch is open then the total current become
Answer: Option A
60-12=48mA If one of the
So current in other branch 48/4=12mA
resistors in a
Series-Parallel Circuits parallel circuit is
Four resistors are connected in parallel. Fifteen mA flows
Thethrough
internalresistor R. Ifofthe
resistance removed,
a 20,000 the total
ohm/volt
second resistor is 2R, the third resistor 3R, and the fourth resistor 4R, the total
voltmeter set on its 5 V range resistance
is
current in the circuit is
A. 20,000 A. decreases
[A]. 60 mA
[B]. 15 mA B. 100,000 B. increases
[C]. 135 mA
C. 200,000 remains
C.
[D]. 31.25 mA the same
Answer: Option D D. 1,000,000

20
Answer: Option B
D. 12 k
he voltmeter have an internal resistance of
20,000 ohm/volt.
That is for 1 volt the resistance is 20,000 ohm. Answer: Option D
Therefore,for 5 volt the resistance is =
5*20,000=1,00,000 ohm. A voltage divider consists of two 68 k
Two 1.2 k resistors are in series and this resistors and a 24 V source. The unknown
series combination is in parallel with a 3.3 k output voltage is
resistor. The total resistance is [A]. 12 V
[A]. 138 [B]. 24 V
[B]. 1,389 [C]. 0 V
[C]. 5,700 [D]. 6 V
[D]. 880 Answer: Option A
Voltage Divider (Vout)=(R2/(R1+R2))xVin
Answer: Option B
2 resistors in series formula is = R1+R2 = (68/(68+68))x24
so 1.2+1.2 = 2.4k ohm
nw it parellel wid 3.3k ohm = 12V
parellel formula is R1*R2/R1+R2
so 2.4+3.3/2.4+3.3=1.389k ohms Three 10 k resistors are connected in
=1389 ohms
series. A 20 k resistor is connected in
parallel across one of the 10 k resistors.
The output of a certain voltage divider is 12 V The voltage source is 24 V. The total current
with no load. When a load is connected, the in the circuit is
output voltage [A]. 900 A
A. decreases
[B]. 9 mA
B. increases [C]. 90 mA
[D]. 800 A
C. remains the same
Answer: Option A
A certain voltage divider consists of three 1 k
D. becomes zero
resistors in series. Which of the following
load resistors will have the least effect on the
Answer: Option A
output voltage?
A certain voltage divider consists of two 12 k
resistors in series. Which of the following [A]. 1 M
load resistors will have the most effect on the
output voltage? [B]. 100 k
A. 1M [C]. 1 k
B. 24 k [D]. 330
Answer: Option A
The parallel combination of a 470 resistor
C. 18 k
and a 1.5 k resistor is in series with the
parallel combination of five 1 k resistors.
The source voltage is 50 V. The percentage of

21
the load current through any single 1 k

resistor is = (10k*720)/2.4 k.
[A]. 25%
= 3000 ohms.
[B]. 20%
[C]. 100%
On which of the following voltage range
[D]. 50% settings will a voltmeter present the minimum
load on a circuit?
Answer: Option B
470ohm and 1500ohm are in parallel hence A. 1V
effective resitance is=470*1500/1970
=357.87ohm B. 50 V
Parallel combination of 5 1kohm

resistors=1000/5=200ohm C. 500 V
Now toatal effective D. 1,000 V

resistance=357.87+200=557.87ohm
Answer: Option D
Hence current in the The internal resistance of a 30,000 ohm/volt
circuit=50/557.87=.089amp voltmeter set on its 50 V range is
Now current throuh 5 1kohm resistors can be [A]. 15,000
divided into two parallelcombination one with
resistance 1kohm and other with [B]. 150,000
1/4kohm...........
[C]. 1,500,000
Hence by current divider rule current through
1kohm resistor=(.089*1/4)/(1+1/4)=.018amp [D]. 15,000,000
Answer: Option C
Hence % = (.018/.089)*100 = 20%. Internal resistance = ohm/volt * vtg range.
So 30000*50 = 1500000.
The parallel combination of a 6.8 k resistor
and a 10 k resistor is in series with the
A certain Wheatstone bridge has the following
parallel combination of a 2.2 k resistor and
resistor values: R1 = 10 k , R2 = 720 ,
a 1 k resistor. A 100 V source is connected
and R4 = 2.4 k . The unknown resistance is across the circuit. The resistor(s) with the
A. 24 greatest voltage drop is (are)
A. 6.8 k
B. 2.4
B. 2.2 k
C. 300
C. 6.8 k and 10 k
D. 3,000
Answer: Option D D. 2.2 k and 1 k

ormula: R1*R2 = R3*R4.
Answer: Option C
Therefore R3 = (R1*R2)/R4.

22
When a load resistance is removed from the resistors = 0.5 K ohm = 500 ohm
output of a voltage divider circuit, the current
drawn from the source Both first and second parallel combinations
are in series to each other hence total
A. decreases
resistance will be:
277.91 ohm + 500 ohm = 777.91 ohm i.e. 778
B. increases ohm
C. remains the same

A 12 k resistor, a 15 k resistor, and a 22 k
D. is cut off resistor are in series with two 10 k
resistors that are in parallel. The source
Answer: Option A voltage is 75 V. Current through the 15 k
A certain circuit is composed of two parallel resistor is approximately
resistors. The total resistance is 1,403 . One [A]. 14 mA
of the resistors is 2 k . The other resistor
value is [B]. 1.4 mA
[A]. 1,403
[C]. 5 mA
[B]. 4.7 k [D]. 50 mA
[C]. 2 k Answer: Option B
(12+15+22)+ ((10*10)/(10+10))=54kohm
[D]. 3,403 I=V/R= 75/54= 1.3888
approx 1.4
Answer: Option B
By rule of parallel circuit
A 6 V battery output is divided down to obtain
(1/r)+(1/2000)=1/1403 two output voltages. Three 2.2 k resistors
are used to provide the two taps. The two
By solving we get r=4.7k output voltages are
A. 2 V, 4 V
The parallel combination of a
470 resistor and a 680 resistor is in
B. 2 V, 2 V
series with the parallel combination of four
2 k resistors. The total resistance is
C. 2 V, 6 V
A. 1,650
D. 4 V, 6 V
B. 1,078
Answer: Option A
C. 77.8 Step-1: Take the conncection or tap just after
the first resistance>>
So Vout=6 * 2.2k/(3*2.2)k= 2V.
D. 778 Step-2: Take the tap just after 2 resistors i.e.
vout=6* (2.2k+2.2k)/(3*2.2)k= 4 V.
Answer: Option D So sol is 2, 4 V.
First parallel combination of a 470 ohm
resistor and a 680 ohm resistor = 277.91 ohm
(w.r.t (r1*r2)/(r1+r2))
Second parallel combination of four 2 k ohm Two 3.3 k resistors are in series and this

23
series combination is in parallel with a 4.7 k

resistor. The voltage across one of the 3.3 A voltage divider consists of two 100 k
k resistors is 12 V. The voltage across the resistors and a 12 V source. What will the
4.7 k resistor is output voltage be if a load resistor of 1 M is
connected to the output?
A. 24 V
[A]. 0.57 V
B. 12 V [B]. 6 V
C. 0 V [C]. 12 V
[D]. 5.7 V
D. 6 V Answer: Option D
R1=100K,R2=100K,R3=1000K
Answer: Option A HERE R1,R2 ARE IN SERIES WITH 12V.
A balanced Wheatstone bridge consists of AND R2,R3 ARE PARALLEL
an RV of 3,500 , an R2 of 200 , and VOUT=12*(100||1000)/(100+100||1000)=120/
an R3 of 680 . The value of RUNK is 21=5.7
[A]. 680
[B]. 1,029
The parallel combination of a 470 resistor
[C]. 200 and a 1.2 k resistor is in series with the
parallel combination of three 3 k resistors. A
[D]. 880 200 V source is connected across the circuit.
The resistor with the most current has a value
Answer: Option B
of
Formula R(UNK)=R2*R3/R1
[A]. 470 or 1.2 k
In a certain five-step R/2R ladder network, the [B]. 3 k

smallest resistor value is 1 k . The largest
value is [C]. 470
A. indeterminable [D]. 1.2 k
Answer: Option C
B. 2 k Branch, Loop and Node Analyses
C. 10 k Find the node voltage VA.
D. 20 k
Answer: Option B
In R-2R circuit there are only two value of
resistors.
Which are the R and the 2R.
So if one of the resistance (R is equal to 1

kohm) then the other resistance is 2R or 2(1
kohm) = 2 kohm. [A]. 6 V

24
Find branch current IR2.

[B]. 12 V
[C]. 4.25 V
[D]. 3 V
Answer: Option C
(V-12)/49)+(V/24)+((V-6)/80)=0
or,V=(3762/877)
=4.28 volt
What is the current through R2? [A]. 5.4 mA
[B]. –5.4 mA
[C]. 113.0 mA
[D]. 119.6 mA
Answer: Option C
((Va-12)/68)+((Va-0)/37)+((Va-4)/90)=0
(1665(Va-12)+3060Va+1258(Va-
4))/113220=0
[A]. 3.19 A 1665Va-19980+3060Va+1258Va-5032=0

[B]. 319 mA 5983Va=25012
[C]. 1.73 A so Va=25012/5983=4.1805 Volts
I= 4.1805/37 = 113mA
[D]. 173 mA
Answer: Option D
Applying kcl at node A and taking node B as
refrence: Find the node voltage VA.
(15-va)/68-va/30-(va-8)/100=0
va=5.1689v;
Ir2=va/30=5.1689/30=0.172A=172mA;
[A]. 518 mV
[B]. 5.18 V
[C]. 9.56 V
[D]. 956 mV

25
Answer: Option B
B. the directions are not critical
Va/68-15/68 + Va/30 + Va/100-8/100 = 0.
Va(1/68 + 1/30 + 1/100) - 15/68-8/100 = 0.
74Va/1275 = -511/1700. C. they must point into a node
Va = (511*1275)/(1700*74).
Va = 5.179V.
D. they must point out of a node
Find I2. Answer: Option B

4I1 + 4I2 = 2 Find I1.
6I1 + 7I2 = 4 4I1 + 4I2 = 2
6I1 + 7I2 = 4
A. 1A
A. 0.5 A
B. –1 A
B. 50 mA
C. 100 mA
C. –0.5 A
D. –100 mA
D. –50 mA
Answer: Option A
What is the voltage drop across R1? Answer: Option C
The first row of a certain determinant has the

numbers 3 and 5. The second row has the
numbers 7 and 2. The value of this
determinant is
A. 31
B. –31
C. 39
[A]. 850 mV
[B]. 7.82 V D. –29
[C]. 9.18 V Answer: Option D

The first row of a certain determinant has the
[D]. 918 mV numbers 10 and 6. The second row has the
Answer: Option B numbers 3 and 5. The value of this
Use with Kirchhoff Loop determinant is
105*I1 + 37*I2 = 12V A. 18
37*I1 +127*I2 = 4V
=> I1 & I2 ...
B. 50
C. 32
In assigning the direction of branch currents,
A. the directions are critical
D. –32

26
Answer: Option C
C. 31.25 V
The expansion method for evaluating
determinants is D. 3,125 V
A. better than any other method
Answer: Option B
V= N* {d(phi)/dt}
B. good for only one determinant
Here N = No. of turns of coil = 250 turns
C. more flexible than the cofactor method d(phi)/dt = Rate of change of flux = 8 Wb/Sec.
Hence V= 250 * 8 = 2000 Volt (Ans)

good for second- and third-order
D.
determinants
For a given wirewound core, an increase in
Answer: Option D current through the coil
The branch current method uses A. reverses the flux lines
A. Kirchhoff's voltage and current laws
B. decreases the flux density
B. Thevenin's theorem and Ohm's law
C. increases the flux density
C. Kirchhoff's current law and Ohm's law
D. causes no change in flux density
the superposition theorem and
D. Answer: Option C
Thevenin's theorem
Answer: Option A If the cross-sectional area of a magnetic field

Magnetism and Electromagnetism increases, but the flux remains the same, the
flux density
When the speed at which a conductor is
moved through a magnetic field is increased, A. increases
the induced voltage
A. increases B. decreases
B. decreases C. remains the same
C. remains constant D. doubles
Answer: Option B
D. reaches zero
When the current through the coil of an
Answer: Option A electromagnet reverses, the
The induced voltage across a coil with 250
turns that is located in a magnetic field that is A. direction of the magnetic field reverses
changing at a rate of 8 Wb/s is
A. 1,000 V direction of the magnetic field remains
B.
unchanged
B. 2,000 V

27
C. magnetic field expands D. 9.7 T
Answer: Option B
D. magnetic field collapses
The unit for reluctance is
Answer: Option A A. tesla
What is the reluctance of a material that has a B. At/Wb

length of 0.07 m, a cross-sectional area of
0.014 m2, and a permeability of 4,500
Wb/At × m? C. At/m
A. 1111 At/Wb
D. Wb
B. 111 At/Wb
Answer: Option B
C. 11 At/Wb If the steel disk in a crankshaft position sensor

has stopped with the tab in the magnet's air
gap, the induced voltage
1 At/Wb
D. A. increases
Answer: Option A
S = L/uA. B. decreases
C. is zero
A coil of wire is placed in a changing magnetic
field. If the number of turns in the coil is
D. will remain constant
decreased, the voltage induced across the coil
will
Answer: Option C
A. increase here is 900 mA of current through a wire with
40 turns. What is the reluctance of the circuit if
B. decrease the flux is 400 Wb?
[A]. 14,400 At/Wb
C. remain constant
[B]. 1,440 At/Wb
D. be excessive [C]. 9,000 At/Wb
Answer: Option B [D]. 90,000 At/Wb

What is the flux density when the flux is 5.5 Answer: Option D
Wb and the cross-sectional area is 6 × 10– mmf(F)=NI
3 m2? Reluctance(S)=mmf/flux
R = (900*10^-3*40)/400*10^-6 = 90000 At/Wb.
A. 91.7 T
basic one-loop dc generator is rotated at 90 rev/s. How many

B. 917 T
(reach maximum)?
A. 90
C. 91 T

28
B. 180 C. back to front
C. 270 front to back

.
D. 360
The ability of a material to remain magnetized after removal
Answer: Option B
of the magnetizing force is known as
A. in
What is the flux density in a magnetic field in which the flux permeability
0.1 m2 is 600 Wb?
A. 6,000 T
B. reluctance
B. 600 T
C. hysteresis
C. 600 T
D. retentivity
D. 6 T Answer: Option D
When the north poles of two bar magnets are brought close tog
Answer: Option A A. no force
The unit for permeability is
A. Wb/At × m
B. a downward force
B. At/m
C. a force of attraction
C. At/Wb
D. a force of repulsion
D. Wb Answer: Option D
The voltage induced across a certain coil is
Answer: Option A 200 mV. A 120 resistor is connected to the coil
terminals.
What is the magnetomotive force in a 75-turn coil of wire Theare
when there induced
4 A ofcurrent
currentisthrough it?
A. 18.75 At A. 1.7 mA
B. 30 At B. 16 mA
C. 300 At C. 12 mA
D. 187 At D. 120 mA
Answer: Option C Answer: Option A

v/R = I.
The direction of a magnetic field within a magnet isI = 200/120 = 1.666 or 1.7 mA.
A. from south to north
The induced voltage across a stationary conductor in a sta
B. from north to south

29
A. zero A. remains unchanged
B. reversed in polarity B. reverses polarity
.
C. increased C. increases
D. decreased D. decreases

An electromagnetic field exists only when there is Alternating Current and Voltage
A. an increasing current If the rms voltage drop across a 15 k
resistor is 16 V, the peak current through
B. decreasing current the resistor is
[A]. 15 mA
C. voltage [B]. 1.5 mA
D. current [C]. 10 mA
[D]. 1 mA
Answer: Option D
When a solenoid is activated, the force that moves theAnswer: Option B
plunger is V= 16
R= 15oo0
A. an electromagnetic field
Irms= 16/15000
Im= Irms/0.707
B. a permanent magnetic field = 16/(15000*0.707)
= 1.5 mA
C. varying voltage
D. a steady current The conductive loop on the rotor of a simple

two-pole, single-phase generator rotates at a
rate of 400 rps. The frequency of the induced
Answer: Option A
output voltage is
What is the magnetomotive force (mmf) of a wire with 8
turns carrying three amperes of current? A. 40 Hz
A. 2,400 At
B. 100 Hz
B. 240 At
C. 400 Hz
C. 24 At
D. indeterminable
D. 2.4 At
Answer: Option C
Answer: Option C
How many degrees are there in /3 rad?
If a loop in a basic dc generator suddenly begins rotating
at a faster speed, the induced voltage A. 6°

30
B. 60° [D]. 2.66 V

Answer: Option C
C. 180° R =4.7kilo ohms=4700 ohms
I=4mA=0.004 Amp
V=IxR=0.004*4700=18.8
D. 27°
peak value=(square root 2)* v=
Answer: Option B 1.414*18.8=26.587
To produce an 800 Hz sine wave, a four-pole
generator must be operated at
A. 200 rps A pulse waveform has a high time of 8 ms and
a pulse width of 32 ms. The duty cycle is
[A]. 25%
B. 400 rps
[B]. 50%
C. 800 rps
[C]. 1%
D. 1,600 rps [D]. 100%

Answer: Option A
Answer: Option B ise time=8ms.
BY USING FORMULA, n=120f/P
=120*800/4 Total timeperiod=32ms.
=24000 rpm
=24000/60 rps Dutycycle= (rise time/totaltimeperiod) *100.
n=400 rps
8/32 (100) =25%.
One sine wave has a positive-going zero
crossing at 15° and another sine wave has a
positive-going zero crossing at 55°. The A 20 kHz pulse waveform consists of pulses
phase angle between the two waveforms is
that are 15 s wide. The duty cycle
A. 0°
[A]. is 1%
B. 45° [B]. is 30%
[C]. is 100%
C. 40°
[D]. cannot be determined
D. none of the above Answer: Option B
time t=1/frequency
Answer: Option C =1/20000
f the rms current through a 4.7 k resistor is =.00005
4 mA, the peak voltage drop across the
resistor is Now
[A]. 4 V duty cycle=.000015/0.00005
=.3
[B]. 18.8 V
and hence ans is .3*100=30%
[C]. 26.6 V
If the peak of a sine wave is 13 V, the peak-to-
peak value is

31
A sine wave of 15 kHz is changing at a faster

[A]. 6.5 V
rate than a sine wave with a frequency of
[B]. 13 V A. 25 kHz
[C]. 26 V
B. 12 kHz
[D]. none of the above
Answer: Option C C. 18 kHz
Peak to peak voltage = 2Vp
=2*13=26v
D. 1.3 MHz
A sinusoidal current has an rms value of 14 Answer: Option B

mA. The peak-to-peak value is Lesser the amplitude more will be changing
rate.
A. 45.12 mA
B. 16 mA The average value of a 12 V peak sine wave

over one complete cycle is
C. 39.6 mA A. 0V
D. 22.6 mA B. 1.27 V
Answer: Option C C. 7.64 V
We know that Irms = Ip/0.707.

D. 6.37 V
So Ip = Irms* 0.707.
Answer: Option A
Ip = 14 ma* 0.707 = 19.79 ma. When a sine wave has a frequency of 100 Hz
in 12 s it goes through
But this is simply a value of Ip. A. 1/100 cycle
We also know that Peak to peak current = 2Ip.

B. 12 cycles
So Peak to peak current = 2*19.79ma = 39.6
mA. C. 120 cycles
A signal with a 400 s period has a
frequency of D. 1,200 cycles
A. 250 Hz
Answer: Option D
B. 2,500 Hz A sawtooth wave has a period of 10 ms.

Its frequency is
C. 25,000 Hz A. 10 Hz
D. 400 Hz B. 50 Hz
Answer: Option B

32
t=60us
C. 100 Hz
f=1/t=1/60us=16.66kHz
1st odd harmonic is 3*f=50KHz
D. 1,000 Hz
Sine wave A has a positive-going zero
Answer: Option C crossing at 45°. Sine wave B has a positive-
. Two series resistors are connected to an going zero crossing at 60°. Which of the
ac source. If there are 7.5 V rms across following statements is true?
one resistor and 4.2 V rms across the A. Wave A leads wave B by 15°.
other, the peak source voltage is
[A]. 16.54 V B. Wave A lags wave B by 15°.
[B]. 1.65 V
C. Wave A leads wave B by 105°.
[C]. 10.60 V
[D]. 5.93 V D. Wave A lags wave B by 105°.
Answer: Option A A phasor represents

peak source voltage= (v1rms+v2rms)*1.414
= (7.5+4.2)*1.414 = 16.54 A. the magnitude and a quantity direction
B. the width of a quantity

If a sine wave goes through 10 cycles in 20
s, the period is
C. the phase angle
A. 20 s
D. the magnitude of a quantity
B. 4 s
Answer: Option A
A sine wave with a period of 4 ms is changing
C. 2 s at a faster rate than a sine wave with a period
of
D. 100 s [A]. 0.0045 s
Answer: Option C [B]. 2 ms

Period = Time/Cycle
[C]. 1.5 ms
= 20/ 10
[D]. 3,000 s
=2
Answer: Option A
The average half-cycle value of a sine wave
A square wave has a period of 60 s. The with a 40 V peak is
first odd harmonic is [A]. 25.48 V
[A]. 5 kHz
[B]. 6.37 V
[B]. 50 kHz
[C]. 14.14 V
[C]. 500 kHz
[D]. 50.96 V
[D]. 33.33 kHz Answer: Option A
Answer: Option B

33
Average Half Cycle Value = 2V / pi

= 2 * 40 / 3.14 A 10 F, 20 F, 22 F, and 100 F
= 25.48 capacitor are in parallel. The total capacitance
is
If the rms current through a 6.8 k resistor is A. 2.43 F

8 mA, the rms voltage drop across the resistor
is B. 4.86 F
A. 5.44 V
C. 100 F
B. 54.4 V
D. 152 F
C. 7.07 V
Answer: Option D
D. 8 V A capacitor and a resistor are connected in
series to a sine wave generator. The
Answer: Option B frequency is set so that the capacitive
A sine wave with an rms value of 12 V is reactance is equal to the resistance and, thus,
riding on a dc level of 18 V. The maximum an equal amount of voltage appears across
value of the resulting waveform is each component. If the frequency is increased
[A]. 6 V A. VR > VC
[B]. 30 V
B. VC > VR
[C]. 35 V
C. VR = VC
[D]. 0 V
Answer: Option C D. VR and VC = 0
ax V.value = 1.414 * 12 V =16.9
Answer: Option A
Max Value of V + DC level value = 16.9+18 =
34.9 => 35 A capacitor of 0.02 F is larger than
A. 0.000020 F
A waveform has a baseline of 3 V, a duty

cycle of 20%, and an amplitude of 8 V. The B. 200,000 pF
average voltage value is
A. 4V C. 2,000 pF
B. 4.6 V D. all of the above
Answer: Option C
C. 1.6 V In Question 6, the capacitor will reach full
charge in a time equal to approximately
D. 11 V A. 6 RC
Answer: Option A
B. 5 RC
Capacitors

34
C. RC D. electrolytic
Answer: Option D
D. none of the above
our 0.15 F capacitors are in parallel. The
Answer: Option B total capacitance is
What is the capacitance when Q = 60 C A. 0.15 F
and V = 12 V?
A. 720 F B. 0.30 F
B. 5 F C. 0.6 F
C. 50 F D. 0.8 F
D. 12 Answer: Option C
F
A capacitor of 2,000 pF is greater than
Answer: Option B A. 0.02 F
A 0.47 F capacitor is across a 2 kHz sine
wave signal source. The capacitive reactance
B. 0.002 F
is
[A]. 170
C. 0.0002 F
[B]. 17
D. 0.0000002 F
[C]. 0.000169
[D]. 1.7 Answer: Option C

Answer: Option A
C = 0.47. A 220 resistor is in series with a 2.2
f= 2000Hz. F capacitor. The time constant is
Xl = 1/2pi fc. A. 48 s
= 1/2*3.141*2000*0.47*10^-6.
B. 480 s
= 169.345 ohms.
~ 170 ohms. C. 2.42 s
Which of the following capacitors is polarized? D. 24 s

A. mica
Answer: Option B
A 4.7 M resistor is in series with a
B. ceramic
0.015 F capacitor. The combination is
across a 12 V source. How long does it
C. plastic-film take the capacitor to fully charge?
A. 35 ms

35
of the voltage?
B. 352 ms
[A]. 8 V
C. 3.5 s [B]. 80 V
D. 70.5 ms [C]. 80 mV
[D]. 800 mV
Answer: Option B
Answer: Option A
Fully charges when t=5RC
We know that
Of the following capacitors, which one has the highest
I=(V/Xc)
dielectric constant?
A. air and
Xc=(1/2(pi)fc)
B. mica
hence,
C. glass Xc= 40.19
therefore : V= 40.19*200mA
D. paper
V=8V
Answer: Option C
A 0.00022 F capacitor equals
A how
sine many
wave microfarads?
voltage is applied
A sine wave voltage is applied across a capacitor. A. 22 F across a
When the frequency of the voltage is decreased, the capacitor. When
current the frequency of
B. 220 F
A. increases the voltage is
decreased, the
C. 2,200 F current
B. remains constant
A. increases
D. 22,200 F
C. decreases
remains
Answer: Option B B.
constant
D. ceases Two series capacitors (one 2 F, the other of unknown value)
a 24 V source. The 2 F capacitor is charged to 16 V and the
C. decreases
Answer: Option C value of the unknown capacitor is
A 0.01 F capacitor equals how many picofarads?
[A]. 1 F D. ceases
[A]. 100 pF
[B]. 2 F Answer: Option C
[B]. 1,000 pF
[C]. 10,000 pF [C]. 4 F
[D]. 100,000 pF [D]. 8 F

Answer: Option C Answer: Option C
Current is same in series circuit. Here two capacitors r in serie
A 12 kHz voltage is applied to a 0.33 F capacitor, and
200 mA of rms current is measured. What is the value each capacitor is also same.

36
A. 46.8
The charge of 1st Cap. is; Q = C1 x V1 = 2 x 10^-6 x 16 =
32 microF.
B. 4.68
From this Therefore, second Cap.; C2 = Q/V2 =
(32 x 10^-6)/8 = 4 microF.
A 330 pF capacitor and a 220 pF capacitor are each C. 23.41
connected across a 6 V dc source. The voltage across the
330 pF capacitor is D. 11.70
[A]. 3 V
Answer: Option A
[B]. 6 V
[C]. 4 V When the voltage across a capacitor is

tripled, the stored charge
[D]. 0 V [A]. triples
Answer: Option B
A 2 F, a 4 F, and a 10 F capacitor are [B]. is cut to one-third
connected in series. The total capacitance is less than
[C]. stays the same
A. 2 F
[D]. doubles
B. 4 Answer: Option A
F
An uncharged capacitor and a 1 k resistor are
connected in series with a switch and a 6 V
C. 10 F battery. At the instant the switch is closed, the
voltage across the capacitor is
D. 1.5 F A. 6V
Answer: Option D B. 3 V
. When the plate area of a capacitor
increases,
C. 2 V
A. the capacitance increases
D. 0 V
B. the capacitance decreases
Answer: Option D
C. the capacitance is unaffected Inductors
D. the voltage it can withstand increases.An inductance of 0.08 H is larger than

A. 0.0000008 H
Answer: Option A
Two 0.68 F capacitors are
B. 0.000000008 H
connected in series across a 10 kHz
sine wave signal source. The total C. 0.000008 H
capacitive reactance is
D. 0.00008 mH
Answer: Option B

37
A 240 H inductor is equivalent to a A sine wave voltage is applied across an

inductor. When the frequency of the voltage is
A. 0.240 mH inductor decreased, the current
A. is increased
B. 0.000240 mH inductor
B. is decreased
C. 240 mH inductor
C. does not change

D. 240 H inductor
Answer: Option A D. momentarily goes to zero

A 2 mH, a 3.3 mH, and a 0.2 mH inductor are
connected in series. The total inductance is Answer: Option A
An ohmmeter is connected across an inductor
A. 55 mH and the pointer indicates zero ohms. The
inductor is
B. less than 0.2 mH A. good
C. less than 5.5 mH B. open
D. 5.5 mH C. shorted
Answer: Option D
A 5 mH, a 4.3 mH, and a 0.6 mH inductor are D. partly shorted
connected in parallel. The total inductance is
Answer: Option C
A. 9.9 mH Two 10 H inductors are in parallel and the
parallel combination is in series with a third 10
B. greater than 5 mH H inductor. What is the approximate total
reactance when a voltage with a frequency of
7 kHz is applied across the circuit terminals?
C. 9.9 mH or greater than 5 mH
[A]. 219 k
D. less than 0.6 mH [B]. 66 k
Answer: Option D [C]. 660 k

The voltage across a coil when di/dt = 20 mA/
s and L = 8 H is [D]. 1.3 M
A. 16 mV Answer: Option C
1/L(equa) = 1/L1 + 1/L2.
L(equa) = 5H.
B. 160 mV L(equa)+10H = 15H.
C. 1.6 mV XL = wL
= 2*3.14*f*L
= 2*3.14*7*1000*15
D. 2.5 mV = 659.4*1000
= 660kohms.
Answer: Option B

38
wo inductors, L1 and L2, are in parallel. L1 has he winding resistance of a coil can be
a value of 25 H and L2 a value of 50 H. increased by
The parallel combination is in series with L3, a A. increasing the number of turns
20 H coil. The entire combination is across
an ac source of 60 Vrms at 300 kHz. The total
rms current is B. using a thinner wire
[A]. 87 mA
C. changing the core material
[B]. 870 mA
increasing the number of turns or using
[C]. 87 A D.
thinner wire
[D]. 337 mA
Answer: Option D
Answer: Option B
1/L=1/L1+1/L2
=1/25+1/50 . An inductance of 0.43 mH is smaller than
=0.04+0.02
1/L=0.06 A. 43 H
L=1/0.06
L=16.66 B. 430 H
L=L12+L3
L=16.66+20
L=36.66(micro henry) C. 0.05 H
L=0.0000366H
F=300KHZ
D. 0.00043 H
F=300*1000
F=30000
Answer: Option C
XL=2*3.14*300000*0.0000366
XL=68.95OHM
An inductor and a resistor are in series with a sine wave
I(RMS)=V/XL
voltage source. The frequency is set so that the inductive
=60/68.95
reactance is equal to the resistance. If the frequency is
=0.882A
increased, then
=882mA
A. VR ≥ VL
An inductor, a 1 k resistor, and a switch are B. VL < VR

connected in series across a 6 V battery. At
the instant the switch is closed, the inductor C. VL = VR
voltage is
A. 0V D. VL > VR
B. 6 V Answer: Option D
The current through a 120 mH coil is changing at a rate of
150 mA/s. The voltage induced across the coil is
C. 12 V
A. 1.8 mV
D. 4 V
B. 18 mV
Answer: Option B

39
C. 180 mV [A]. 91 mA
[B]. 78 mA
D. 1.25 mV
[C]. 57 mA
Answer: Option B
[D]. 400 mA
When the current through an inductor decreases, Answer: Option B
the amount of energy stored in the
electromagnetic field
A 320 H coil is in series with a 3.3 k resistor.
A. increases How long does it take for current to build up to its full value?
[A]. 0.48 s
B. decreases
[B]. 0.48 ms
C. remains the same [C]. 0.48 s
D. doubles [D]. 48 s
Answer: Option C
Answer: Option B Explanation:
Three 15 mH inductors are in series. The total time constant T=(L/R)
inductance is to reach max current it will take appr 5T
A. 15 mH time=5(320u/3.3k)
=0.48us
B. 30 mH
Five inductors are connected in series.
The lowest value is 8 μH. If the value of
C. 45 mH each inductor is twice that of the
preceding one, and if the inductors are
D. 5 mH connected in order of ascending values,
the total inductance is
Answer: Option C A. 8H
An 18 V power supply is connected across a coil
with a winding resistance of 180 . Current flow
in the coil is B. 32 μH
A. 1 mA
C. 64 μH
B. 10 mA
D. 248 μH
C. 100 mA Answer: Option D

Therefore total inductance connected in series
D. 1 A = 8+16+32+64+128 = 248
Answer: Option C
The inductance of an iron-core coil decreases
A switch, a 220 resistor, and a 60 mH inductor if
are in series across a 20 V battery. What is the
current through the inductor two time constants A. the number of turns is decreased
after the switch is closed?

40
Answer: Option C
B. the iron core is removed
The turns ratio required to match an
C. the length of the coil decreases 80 source to a 320 load is
A. 80
B. 20
Answer: Option A
The following coils are in parallel: 75 H,
40 H, 25 H, and 15 H. The total C. 4
inductance is approximately
A. D. 2
6.9 H
Answer: Option D
B. 14 H Turns ratio2 = load impedance/source
impedance
C. 2.2 H =2
D. 155 H When the turns ratio of a transformer is 20

and the primary ac voltage is 12 V, the
Answer: Option A secondary voltage is
When the current through an inductor is cut in
half, the amount of energy stored in the A. 12 V
electromagnetic field
A. is quartered B. 120 V
B. quadruples C. 240 V
C. doubles D. 2,400 V
Answer: Option C
D. does not change
If a transformer has 50 turns in the primary
Answer: Option A winding and 10 turns in the secondary
Transformers winding, what is the reflective resistance if the
secondary load resistance is 250 ?
What kVA rating is required for a transformer [A]. 250
that must handle a maximum load current of 8
A with a secondary voltage of 2 kV? [B]. 25
A. 4 kVA
[C]. 6,250
B. 0.25 kVA [D]. 62,500

Answer: Option C
C. 16 kVA K=N2/N1
N1=50
N2=10
D. 8 kVA N1=50 , N2=10

41
Turn ratio K=N2/N1=10/50

B. 18
K=1/5=0.2
now,R2/R1=K^2
R1=R2/K^2 C. 0.18
=250/0.2^2
R1=6250 ohms.
D. 0.018
Answer: Option C
A certain transformer has 400 turns in the Explanation:
primary winding and 2,000 turns in the Vp/Vs = Np/Ns
secondary winding. The turns ratio is
Vs = (Ns/Np)Vp
A. 0.2
We required turns ratio i.e., (Ns/Np)
B. 0.4
= Vs/Vp
C. 5 = 20/110
D. 25 = 0.181818182
The mutual inductance when k = 0.65, L1 =
Answer: Option C 2 H, and L2 = 5 H is
he primary winding of a transformer has 110 V [A]. 2 mH
ac across it. What is the secondary voltage if
the turns ratio is 8? [B]. 2 H
A. 8.8 V
[C]. 4 H
B. 88 V [D]. 8 H
Answer: Option B
C. 880 V M = Mutual Inductance
M = k*(L1*L2)^1/2
D. 8,800 V M = 0.65(10)^1/2
M = 2uH
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
If 25 W of power are applied to the primary of
V2/V1 = N2/N1
an ideal transformer with a turns ratio of 10,
the power delivered to the secondary load is
Turns ratio = N2/N1 = 8.
A. 25 W
V2/110 = 8
B. 0 W
V2 = 8 x 110
V2 = 880v. C. 250 W
To step 110 V ac down to 20 V ac, the turns
ratio must be
D. 2.5 W
A. 5.5
Answer: Option A

42
transformer with a 110 V primary has a 15:1

one-fourth the primary current and
turns ratio. The load resistance, RL, is 120 . D.
equal to the primary current
What is the approximate voltage across the
load?
Answer: Option B
[A]. 7.3 V A certain transformer has a turns ratio of 1
and a 0.85 coefficient of coupling. When 2 V
[B]. 73 V ac is applied to the primary, the secondary
voltage is
[C]. 88 V
[A]. 1.7 V
[D]. 880 V
[B]. 0.85 V
Answer: Option A
Turns ratio K=N2/N1 [C]. 1 V
Use this formula V2/V1=N2/N1
V2/110=1/15 [D]. 0 V
So V2=110/15
Answer: Option A
V2=7.3
k1=turns ratio
k2=co-efficient of coupling
How many primary volts must be applied to a
transformer with a turns ratio of 0.1 to obtain a k1/k2=v1/v2
secondary voltage of 9 V? 1/0.85=2/v2
v2=1.7v
A. 9V
The primary coil of a transformer is connected to a 60 V ac sou

B. 90 V
connected to a 330 load. The turns ratio is
3:1. What is the secondary voltage?
C. 900 V
A. 2V
D. 0.9 V
B. 20 V
Answer: Option B
Explanation: C. 180 V
We know that, V2/V1 = N2/N1.
D. 18 V
Given V2 = 9v, N2/N1 = 0.1
Answer: Option B
Therefore, 9v/V1 = 0.1
he primary winding of a power transformer should always be
V1 = 9v/0.1 = 90v. A. open
In a certain loaded transformer, the secondary

B. shorted
voltage is one-fourth the primary voltage. The
secondary current is
A. one-fourth the primary current C. switched
B. four times the primary current D. fused
Answer: Option D
C. equal to the primary current
A certain amplifier has 600 internal resistance looking from

43
maximum power to a 4 Answer:

speaker, what turns ratio must be usedOption
in theAcoupling
transformer? When a 200 load resistor is connected across the secondar
[A]. 8 ratio of 4, the source "sees" a reflective load of
[A]. 50
[B]. 0.8
[B]. 12.5
[C]. 0.08
[C]. 800
[D]. 80
Answer: Option C [D]. 0
Pow((Ns/Np),2) = Zs/Zp Answer: Option B
ie. pow(k,2) = 4/600 R2=R1k^2.
k=sqrt(4/600) R1=R2/k^2.
k=0.08 R1=200/(4)^2.
R1=200/16.
A transformer R1=12.5.
A. changes ac to dc
In a certain transformer, the input power to the

B. changes dc to ac primary is 120 W. If 8.5 W are lost to the
winding resistance, what is the output power
C. steps up or down dc voltages to the load, neglecting any other issues?
A. 0W
D. steps up or down ac voltages
B. 14.1 W
To step 120 V ac
up to 900 V ac,
To step 120 V ac up to 900 V ac, the turns ratio must
C. 111.5 W the turns ratio
be must be
A. 75 D. 1,020 W A. 75
B. 750 Answer: Option C

B. across
When a 6 V battery is connected 750 the
primary of a transformer with a turns ratio of 8,
C. 7.5 the secondary voltage is C. 7.5
A. 0 V
D. 0.13 D. 0.13
B. 6 V
The primary of a transformer is connected to a 6 V battery.
The turns ratio is 1:3 and the secondary load, RL, is 100C. . 48 V
The voltage across the load is
[A]. 0 V D. 0.75 V
[B]. 6 V Answer: Option A

What is the coefficient of coupling for a
[C]. 18 V transformer in which 4% of the total flux
generated in the primary does not pass
[D]. 2 V through the secondary?

44
[A]. 0.4 A 470 resistor and a 0.2 F capacitor are

in parallel across a 2.5 kHz ac source. The
[B]. 4 admittance, Y, in rectangular form, is
[A]. 212
[C]. 9.6
[B]. 2.12 mS + j3.14 mS
[D]. 0.96
Answer: Option D [C]. 3.14 mS + j2.12 mS
A transformer has a 1:6 turns ratio and a
secondary coil load resistance of 470 . The [D]. 318.3
load resistance as seen by the source is Answer: Option B
A. 1.3 R=470ohm ,c=0.2uf which are in parallel.
Xc=1/2*pi*f*c
B. 7.8
Xc = 1/2*3.14*2.5*10^3*0.2*10^-6 = 318.30
C. 78
z=R + jXc
D. 13 z = 470 + j318.30
Answer: Option D y = 1/R + 1/Xc

RC Circuits
y = 2.12 mS + j3.14 mS.
In the complex plane, the number 14 – j5 is
located in the 4. A positive angle of 30° is equivalent to a negative angle of
A. first quadrant A. –30°
B. second quadrant B. –330°
C. third quadrant C. –60°
D. fourth quadrant D. –180°
Answer: Option D Answer: Option B

Point +4 on the complex plane is
A. 4 units above the origin on the j axis In a series RC circuit, 12 V(rms) is measured across the resistor
capacitor. The rms source voltage is
B. 4 units below the origin on the j axis [A]. 3 V
[B]. 27 V
4 units right of the origin on the real
C. [C]. 19.2 V
axis
[D]. 1.9 V
D. 4 units left of the origin on the real axis
Answer: Option C
Answer: Option C Vrms^2= Vr^2+Vc^2
Vrms= square root of( Vr^2+Vc^2)

45
A 6 kHz sinusoidal voltage is applied to a series RC [B]. decreases

circuit. The frequency of the voltage across the resistor is
[C]. does not change
[D]. decreases to zero

A. 0 Hz
Answer: Option A
B. 12 kHz A 47 resistor and a capacitor with a
capacitive reactance of 120 are in series
C. 6 kHz across an ac source. What is the circuit
impedance, Z?
D. 18 kHz
A. 129
Answer: Option C
B. 12.9
The voltages in Problem 4 are measured at a certain C. 167

frequency. To make the capacitor voltage greater than
the resistor voltage, the frequency
D. 73
A. must be increased
Answer: Option A
B. must be decreased R=47 & Xc=120,

Then, Z=sqrt(R^2+Xc^2) = 128.87 == 129 (a)
C. is held constant
What is the value of the hypotenuse of a right triangle whose s
D. has no effect A. 4.24
Answer: Option B
B. 3.46
In the complex plane, the number 4 + j3 is located in the
C. 2.16
A. first quadrant
D. 21.63
B. second quadrant
Answer: Option D
The complex number 6 + j6 is equivalent to
C. third quadrant
A. 6 45°
D. fourth quadrant
B. 36 45°
Answer: Option A
C. 8.48 45°
When the frequency of the source voltage decreases, the impedance of a parallel RC circuit
D. 8.48 90°
[A]. increases
Answer: Option C

46
In a
B. 92 mA
In a parallel RC circuit, there is 100 mA through the parallel RC circuit,
resistive branch and 100 mA through the capacitive there is 100 mA
branch. The total rms current is C. 4.6 mA through the
resistive branch
[A]. 200 mA
and 100 mA
D. 460 mA
[B]. 100 mA through the
capacitive branch.
Answer: Option C The total rms
[C]. 282 mA For a certain load, the true power is current
150 W and
is
the reactive power is 125 VAR. The apparent
[D]. 141 mA [A]. 200 mA
power is
Answer: Option D
[A]. 19.52 W [B]. 100 mA
Let,I1=100ma through resistive & I2=100 through capacitive.
[B]. 195.2 W [C]. 282 mA
Therefore,
[C]. 275 W 141
Total I=i1+i2 = 200A [D].
mA
[D]. 25 W
RMS value = im/sqrt2 = 200/sqrt2 = 141 mA Answer: Option D
Answer: Option B
An ac circuit consists of a resistor and a capacitor. kva = square root of kw^2+kvar^2.
To increase the phase angle above 45°, the following
condition must exist: When the frequency of the voltage applied to a series RC circu
angle
A. R = XC
A. increases
B. R > XC
B. decreases
C. R < XC
C. remains the same
D. R = 5XC
D. becomes erratic
Answer: Option C
What is the angular difference between +j4 and –j4? Answer: Option B
A. 30°
A 2 k resistor is in series with a 0.015 F capacitor
B. 90° across a 15 kHz ac source. What is the magnitude of the
total impedance and the phase angle?
C. 180° A. 73.4 and θ = –19.5°
D. 270° B. 707 and θ = –19.5°
Answer: Option C C. 2121 and θ = –19.5°

. A resistor and a capacitor are in series
across a 20 V ac source. Circuit
impedance is 4.33 k . Current flow in the D. 734 and θ = –38.9°
circuit is
Answer: Option C
A. 9.2 mA Explanation:

47
Xc = 1/2πfC = 707 Ω [A]. 37.9

C.
2121 and
θ = –19.5°
Z = R - jXc = 2000 - j(707) [B]. 3.7
|z| = sqrt(R*R + Xc*Xc) = 2121 Ω 734 and
[C]. 14,400 D.
Phase angle = arctangent(Xc/R) = 19.5° θ = –38.9°
[D]. 4,800
A 12 k resistor is in series with a 0.02 F capacitor Answer: Option A Answer: Option C
across a 1.2 kHz ac source. If the current is expressedBecause
in Explanation:
it is in parallel rc circuit so Ir = V/R =
polar form as I = 0.3 0° mA, what is the source voltage12/120 = 0.1 and Ic = 12/40Xc = 1/2πfC = 707
= 0.3
expressed in polar form?
Ω
[A]. 45.6 V So I = root(Ir2+Ic2) = root.1 = 0.31622.
Z = R - jXc = 2000
[B]. 411.3 V A 47 resistor and a capacitor
- j(707)
with 150 of
capacitive reactance are in series across an ac
[C]. 0.411 V |z| = sqrt(R*R
source. The impedance, expressed in +
rectangular form, is Xc*Xc) = 2121 Ω
[D]. 4.11 V Phase angle =
A. Z = 47 + j150
Answer: Option D arctangent(Xc/R) =
FROM OHM'S LAW V=IZ 19.5°
B. Z = 47 – j150
Z=Sqr(R^2+Xc^2)
C. Z = 197
Xc=(1/(2*pi*f*C))
Xc=(10^3/(2*pi*1.2*0.02)) D. Z = 103
=(1000/0.15)=6666.67 ohms Answer: Option B

A 2 k resistor and a 0.002 F capacitor are in series across
Z=sqr(12000^2+6666.67^2)=13727.508 ohms 6.50 mA. The true power is
V=IZ=13727.508*0.3 mA [A]. 84.5 mW
[B]. 845 mW
=4.11 volts
[C]. 13 mW
The complex number 40 55° is equivalent to
A. 55 + j55 [D]. 130 mW
Answer: Option A
B. 40 + j40 A capacitor with 150 of capacitive reactance is across an
ac source. The impedance, expressed in polar form, is
C. 45.88 + j65.52 A. Z = 150
D. 22.94 + j32.76 B. Z = 150 90°
Answer: Option D C. Z = 150 –90°

A 120 resistor is in parallel with a capacitor with a capacitive reactance of
40 . Both components are across a 12 V ac
source. What is the magnitude of the total D. Z = 150 180°
impedance?
Answer: Option C

48
When the frequency of the voltage applied to a series RC

[D]. 20 V
circuit is decreased, the impedance
Answer: Option B
A. increases Sqrt(VL^2+VR^2)=Vrms.
B. decreases i.e sqrt12^2+14^2=sqrt340.
Vp=sqrt2*Vrms.
C. remains the same
i.e Sqrt(2*340)=sqrt680=26.0V approx.
D. doubles
To increase the current in a series RL circuit,
Answer: Option A
the frequency
RL Circuits
A. should be increased
A 1.5 k resistor and a coil with a 2.2 k
inductive reactance are in series across an B. should be decreased
18 V ac source. The power factor is
[A]. 564 C. should be constant
[B]. 0.564
D. cannot be determined without values
[C]. 6.76
Answer: Option B
[D]. 55.7
Answer: Option B A 470 resistor and a coil with
The voltages in Problem 5 are measured at a 125 inductive reactance are in parallel.
certain frequency. To make the resistor Both components are across a 15 V ac
voltage less than the inductor voltage, the voltage source. Current through the inductor is
frequency is [A]. 152 mA
A. increased
[B]. 32 mA
B. decreased [C]. 12 mA
[D]. 120 mA
C. doubled
Answer: Option D
Current through inductor = 15/125=0.12 = 120
D. not a factor mA
Answer: Option A
A 1.2 k resistor is in series with a 15 mH coil
In a series RL circuit, 12 V rms is measured across a 10 kHz ac source. The magnitude of
across the resistor, and 14 V rms is measured the total impedance is
across the inductor. The peak value of the [A]. 152.6
source voltage is
[A]. 18.4 V [B]. 1,526
[B]. 26.0 V [C]. 1,200
[C]. 2 V [D]. 942

49
Answer: Option B
A. decreases
Total impedance is given by, Z = square root
of (R^2+XL^2).
B. increases
Where, R=1.2*10^3 and
XL=2*pi*10*10^3*15*10^-3.
C. does not change
That gives Z=1525.86 ohm
D. cannot be determined without values
7. When the frequency is decreased, the Answer: Option B
impedance of a parallel RL circuit Which of the following power factors results in less energy
A. increases A. 1
B. decreases B. 0.8
C. remains constant C. 0.4
D. is not a factor D. 0.2

Answer: Option B Actually It would be unity
If the frequency is halved and the resistance is
doubled, the impedance of a series RL circuit
A. doubles
A 3.3 k resistor and a 120 mH coil are in
parallel. Both components are across a 2 kHz,
B. halves 12 V ac source. The total current in the circuit
is
C. remains constant [A]. 8.74 mA
D. cannot be determined without values [B]. 874 mA
[C]. 874 A
Answer: Option D
If a load is purely inductive and the reactive
[D]. 8.74 A
power is 12 VAR, the apparent power is
A. 0 VA Answer: Option A
XL = ωL.
B. 12 VA Z = sqrt(R^2 + xL^2).
I = v/z
C. 6 VA
D. 24 VA In a parallel RL circuit, there are 3 A rms in

the resistive branch and 3 A rms in the
Answer: Option B inductive branch. The total rms current is
When the frequency of the voltage applied to a [A]. 6 A
series RL circuit is increased, the phase angle
[B]. 424 mA

50
[C]. 4.24 A
Z = 1/0.018,
[D]. 42.4 A
Z = 55.14.
Answer: Option C Three-Phase Systems in Power
It = I1+I2.
Applications
It = 3+3.
It = 6.
In a three-phase system, the voltages are
Itrms = 6*0.707. separated by
Itrms = 4.242. A. 45°
alternate method
Sq root of (3^2+3^2) = 3*1.414 = 4.24
B. 90°
When the resistor voltage in a

series RL circuit becomes less than the C. 120°
inductor voltage, the phase angle
A. increases D. 180°
Answer: Option C
B. decreases
In a three-phase system, when the loads are
C. is not affected perfectly balanced, the neutral current is
A. zero
D. cannot be determined
B. one-third of maximum
Answer: Option A
C. two-thirds of maximum
A 47 resistor is in series with an
inductive reactance of 120 across an D. at maximum
ac source. The impedance, expressed in
polar form, is Answer: Option A
A. 47 68.6°
In a -connected source driving a -
connected load, the
B. 120 68.6°
load voltage and line voltage are one-
A. third the source voltage for a given
C. 129 31.4° phase
D. 129 68.6° load voltage and line voltage are two-

B. thirds the source voltage for a given
Answer: Option D phase
mpedance Z = 1/Y,
load voltage and line voltage cancel for
Admittance Y = sqrt ( (1/140) 2 + (1/60) 2) C.
a given phase
Y = 0.018.
Z = 1/Y,

51
load voltage, line voltage, and source phase current and the line current are
D. phase voltage are all equal for a given C. in phase, and both are 120° out of
phase phase with the load current
Answer: Option D line current and the load current are in

In a certain three-wire Y-connected generator, D. phase, and both are out of phase with
the phase voltages are 2 kV. The magnitudes the phase current
of the line voltages are
[A]. 2,000 V Answer: Option A
n a Y-connected circuit, the magnitude of
[B]. 6,000 V each line current is
[C]. 666 V A. one-third the phase current
[D]. 3,464 V
three times the corresponding phase
B.
Answer: Option D current
So line voltage mutiply with root3 valu =
1.732.
equal to the corresponding phase
C.
current
2000*1.732=3, 464volts.
D. zero
In a -connected source feeding a Y- Answer: Option C

connected load,
each phase voltage equals the
A. difference of the corresponding load 8. A constant load power means a uniform conversion of
voltages A. mechanical to electrical energy
each phase voltage equals the B. electrical to mechanical energy

B.
corresponding load voltage
C. current to voltage
each phase voltage is one-third the
C.
corresponding load voltage
D. voltage to current
each phase voltage is 60° out of phase Answer: Option B

D.
with the corresponding load voltage
A single-phase sinusoidal voltage of 120 V is connected to
Answer: Option A a 90 load. Current in the circuit is
In a Y-Y source/load configuration, the A. 13.3 mA
phase current, the line current, and the

A. B. 133 mA
load current are all equal in each phase
phase current, the line current, and the C. 1.33 A

B.
load current are 120° out of phase
D. 6.2 A
Answer: Option C

52
A three-phase generator is connected to three 90 load

C. two-thirds of total power
resistors. Each coil generates 120 V ac. A common neutral
line exists. How much current flows through the common
neutral line? D. a power consumption equal to IL
A. 0 A
Answer: Option A
B. 1.33 A
In a certain Y-Y system, the source phase
C. 3.99 A currents each have a magnitude of 9 A. The
magnitude of each load current for a
balanced load condition is
D. 2.66 A
A. 3A
Answer: Option A
If in a Y-connected ac generator, each phase voltage B. 6 A
has a magnitude of 90 VRMS, what is the magnitude of
each line voltage?
C. 9 A
[A]. 0 V
[B]. 90 V D. 27 A
[C]. 156 V Answer: Option C

In a Y-connected circuit, between each line voltage and th
[D]. 180 V phase angle of
Answer: Option C
In Y-connected system line A. 0°
voltage=sqrt(3)*phase voltage.
B. 30°
So VL=1.732*90=155.88=156V.
Polyphase generators produce simultaneous
multiple sinusoidal voltages that are separated C. 60°
by
A. certain constant phase angles D. 120°
B. certain constant frequencies Answer: Option B

A three-phase -connected generator is driving a balanced
C. certain constant voltages load such that each phase current is 12 A in magnitude.
When I θa = 12 30° A, what are the polar expressions for
the other phase currents?
D. certain constant currents
A. I θb = 12 150° A, I θc = 12 –90° A
Answer: Option A
In a balanced three-phase load, each phase B. I θb = 12 120° A, I θc = 12 30° A
has
A. an equal amount of power C. I θb = 12 30° A, I θc = 12 120° A
B. one-third of total power D. I θb = 12 90° A, I θc = 12 90° A
Answer: Option A

53
[B]. 161
The most common type of ac motor is the
A. single-phase induction motor [C]. 3,387
[D]. 1,771
B. two-phase induction motor
Answer: Option A
fr = 1/2*pi*sqrt of LC.
C. three-phase induction motor fr = 4331.648.
D. two-phase squirrel-cage motor f = fr-1200Hz=3131.64.

Z = sqrt of(R^2+(XL-XC)^2).
Answer: Option C
In a Y-connected source feeding a -connected load, Z = 1617 ohm
each phase of the load has one-third of the full line
A.
voltage across it In a series RLC circuit that is operating above
the resonant frequency, the current
each phase of the load has two-thirds of the full line
A. lags the applied voltage
B.
voltage across it
B. leads the applied voltage
each phase of the load has the full line voltage across
C. C. is in phase with the applied voltage
it
D. is zero
each phase of the load has a voltage
D. Answer: Option A
across it equal to
A 15 resistor, a 220 H coil, and a 60 pF
Answer: Option C
capacitor are in series across an ac source.
In a -connected generator, all of the phase What is the bandwidth of the circuit?
voltages are
[A]. 138 MHz
A. zero
[B]. 10,866 Hz
B. equal in magnitude
[C]. 1,907 Hz
C. one-third of total [D]. 138 kHz

Answer: Option B
D. one-sixth of total BW = R/(2*Pi*L)
or
Answer: Option B Q=1/R*(L/C)^1/2
RLC Circuits and Resonance f=1/(2*pi*(LC)^1/2)
A 10 resistor, a 90 mH coil, and a BW=f/Q
0.015 F capacitor are in series
across an ac source. The impedance
magnitude at 1,200 Hz below fr is A 12 resistor, a 40 F capacitor, and an 8
mH coil are in series across an ac source. The
[A]. 1,616 resonant frequency is

54
To tune a parallel resonant circuit to a higher

A. 28.1 Hz
frequency, the capacitance should be
A. increased
B. 281 Hz
B. decreased
C. 2,810 Hz
C. left alone
D. 10 kHz
Answer: Option B D. replaced with inductance

f=1/{2(pi)*sqrt(L*C)}
Answer: Option B
A certain series resonant circuit has a
A resistor of 3 k , a 0.05 F capacitor, and bandwidth of 2 kHz. If the existing coil is
a 120 mH coil are in series across a 5 kHz, replaced with one having a higher value of Q,
20 V ac source. What is the impedance, the bandwidth will
expressed in polar form?
A. increase
[A]. 636
[B]. 3,769 B. remain the same
[C]. 433 C. decrease

[D]. 4,337
D. be less selective
Answer: Option D
L = 120mH = 1.2*10^-1H and R = 3*10^3
Answer: Option C
ohm.
c = 0.05uF = 5*10^-8F.
F = 50kHz = 5*10^4Hz. If the resistance in parallel with a parallel
resonant circuit is reduced, the bandwidth
XL = 2*3.14*5*10^4*1.2*10^-1 = 3728 ohm.
Xc = 1/2(3.14*5*10^4*5*10^-8) = 636.94 ohm. A. disappears
Z = (R^2+(XL-XC)^2)^1/2. B. becomes sharper

= 4337.3 ohm.
C. increases
A 12 resistor, a 40 F capacitor, and an 8
mH coil are in series across an ac source. The D. decreases
resonant frequency is
[A]. 28.1 Hz Answer: Option D
Bandwidth = fr/Q --- eqn1.
[B]. 281 Hz
fr = resonance frequency, Q=Quality factor.
[C]. 2,810 Hz fr = 1/2*pi*sqrt(LC).
Q = 1/(R*sqrt(LC).
[D]. 10 kHz
Answer: Option B If R decreases, Q increases from eqn1 Q
f=1/{2(pi)*sqrt(L*C)} increases, bandwidth decreases.

55
taken across the resistor. The circuit's critical

If the value of C in a series RLC circuit is frequency is
decreased, the resonant frequency A. 93.8 kHz
A. is not affected
B. 93.8 Hz
B. increases
C. 861 Hz
C. is reduced to zero
D. 86.12 kHz
D. decreases
Answer: Option A
Answer: Option B Using R = XL.
Passive Filters
Then R = 2*pie*freq*L.
In a certain parallel resonant band-pass filter,
the resonant frequency is 14 kHz. If the
Freq. = R/(2*pie*L).
bandwidth is 4 kHz, the lower frequency
[A]. is 7 kHz = 3300/(2*3.1416*.0056).
[B]. is 10 kHz Freq. = 93,787 Hz or 93.8 KHz.

[C]. is 12 kHz
[D]. cannot be determined The maximum output voltage of a certain low-

Answer: Option C pass filter is 15 V. The output voltage at the
Mid frequency is 14 KHz, Band width =4kHz critical frequency is
A. 0V
So frequesncy range is
14+ 4/2 = 16 Khz on high pass and 14- 4/2 = B. 15 V

12 KHz on low pass.
C. 10.60 V
In a series resonant band-pass filter, a lower
value of Q results in D. 21.21 V
A. a higher resonant frequency
Answer: Option C
fc-70.7%
B. a smaller bandwidth Vc=(15*70.7)/100
Vc=10.60volts
C. a higher impedance
A parallel resonant band-pass filter consists of
D. a larger bandwidth a 90 resistor in series with a parallel
network made up of a 60 mH coil and a
Answer: Option D 0.02 F capacitor. The output is taken
across the capacitor/coil. The coil winding has
a resistance of 20 . What is the center
n RL low-pass filter consists of a 5.6 mH coil frequency of the filter?
and a 3.3 k resistor. The output voltage is
[A]. 459 Hz

56
A low pass filter passes only low-frequency

[B]. 4,591 Hz
signals.
[C]. 999 Hz Here fc = 3.5khz so, the filter passes
frequencies below fc
[D]. 2,176 Hz
Answer: Option B
An RC high-pass filter consists of a 0.2 F An RC high-pass filter consists of an
capacitor and a 220 resistor. The output is 820 resistor. What is the value of C so
taken across the resistor. The circuit's critical that Xc is ten times less than R at an input
frequency is frequency of 12 kHz?
[A]. 723 Hz [A]. 81 F
[B]. 7,234 Hz [B]. 161 F
[C]. 362 Hz [C]. 0.161 F
[D]. 3,617 Hz
[D]. 220 F
Answer: Option D
Critical frequency = 1/2*PI*R*C Answer: Option C
Xc=1/2μ fc.
So c=1/2μfxc, f =12khz.
10xc=R so, xc=R/10,820/10=82.
At a certain frequency, the output voltage of a So final xc=82.
filter is 6 V and the input is 12 V. The voltage
ratio in decibels is C=1/2*3.1416*12*82 = 0.0161uf.
[A]. 6.02 dB
[B]. –6.02 dB A series resonant band-stop filter consists of a

68 resistor, a 110 mH coil, and a 0.02 F
[C]. 12.04 dB capacitor. The internal resistance, RW, of the
coil is 4 . Input voltage is 200 mV. Output
[D]. –12.04 dB
voltage is taken across the coil and capacitor
Answer: Option B in series. What is the output voltage
Db = 20logvout/vin so 20(log6/12) = magnitude at f0?
20 * (-0.3010) = -6.02db. [A]. 1.1 mV
[B]. 11.1 mV
In a certain low-pass filter, fc = 3.5 kHz. Its [C]. 111 mV

passband is
[D]. 200 mV
A. 0 Hz to 3.5 kHz
Answer: Option B
At the resonance frequency XL=XL, therefore
B. 0 Hz we have:
C. 3.5 kHz Vo = [RL / (RL + R)] * Vi

= [4 / (68 + 4)] * 0.2
= 0.0111 V = 11.1 mV ---- B
D. 7 kHz
Answer: Option A

57
A sinusoidal voltage with a peak-to-peak value

[A]. 5.14 MHz
of 18 V is applied to an RC low-pass filter. If
the reactance at the input frequency is zero, [B]. 514 kHz
the output voltage is
A. 18 V peak-to-peak [C]. 5.03 MHz
[D]. 503 kHz

B. zero
Answer: Option A
For parallel resonant circuit, fr = sqrt ( (1/LC) -
C. 9 V peak-to-peak (R^2/L^2) )/(2 * pi).
or
Fc = 1/(2*pi*sqrt(L*C)) = 1/(2*pi*sqrt(8u*120p)
D. 12.74 V peak-to-peak
= 5.136Mhz app = to 5.14 Mhz.
Answer: Option B
An RC low-pass filter consists of a
120 resistor and a 0.002 F capacitor.
Vout = 500 mV, and Vin = 1.3 V. The
The output is taken across the capacitor. The
ratio Vout/ Vin expressed in dB is
circuit's critical frequency is
[A]. 0 dB
A. 333 kHz
[B]. 8.30 dB
B. 633 kHz
[C]. –8.30 dB
[D]. 0.8 dB C. 331 kHz

Answer: Option C
D. 60 kHz
An RL high-pass filter consists of a
470 resistor and a 600 mH coil. The output Answer: Option B
is taken across the coil. The circuit's critical fc = 1/(2*pi*R*C).
frequency is
[A]. 125 Hz = 1/(2*3.1416*120*.002x10^-6).
[B]. 1,250 Hz = 633khz.

Circuit Theorems in AC Analysis
[C]. 564 Hz
[D]. 5,644 Hz Norton's theorem gives

Answer: Option A an equivalent current source in parallel
F=R/(2*PI*L) A.
with an equivalent impedance
=470/(2*3.14*600*10-3)
=125HZ
an equivalent current source in series
B.
A parallel resonant band-pass filter consists of
a 6.8 resistor in series with a parallel
an equivalent voltage source in parallel
network made up of an 8 H coil and a 120 C.
pF capacitor. The output is taken across the
capacitor/coil. Assume RW = 0 . What is the
center frequency of the filter?

58
an equivalent voltage source in series

D. In order to get maximum power transfer from
a capacitive source, the load must
Answer: Option A have a capacitive reactance equal to
A.
circuit resistance
. The Norton equivalent current is

have an impedance that is the complex
A. the current through the load B.
conjugate of the source impedance
B. the open-current from the source C. be as capacitive as it is inductive
C. the short circuit current D. none of the above
Answer: Option C
The two basic components of a Thevenin
equivalent ac circuit are
If two currents are in the same direction at any the equivalent voltage source and the
instant of time in a given branch of a circuit, A.
equivalent series impedance
the net current at that instant
A. is zero the equivalent voltage source and the
B.
equivalent series resistance
B. is the sum of the two currents
the equivalent voltage source and the
C.
is the difference between the two equivalent parallel impedance
C.
currents
the equivalent voltage source and the
D.
D. cannot be determined equivalent parallel resistance
Answer: Option B Answer: Option A
The Thevenin equivalent voltage is

In applying the superposition theorem,
A. equal to the source voltage
the sources are considered one at a
A. time with all others replaced by their
B. the same as the load voltage internal impedance
C. the open circuit voltage all sources are considered

B.
independently
all sources are considered
C.
Answer: Option C simultaneously

59
the sources are considered one at a A. reverse-biased.

D. time with all others replaced by their
internal resistance
B. forward-biased.
Answer: Option A
C. avalanched.
D. saturated.
Answer: Option B
A diode conducts when it is forward-biased,

and the anode is connected to the ________
Semiconductors through a limiting resistor.
A silicon diode measures a low value of A. positive supply
resistance with the meter leads in both
positions. The trouble, if any, is
B. negative supply
A. the diode is open.
C. cathode
B. the diode is shorted to ground.
D. anode
C. the diode is internally shorted.
Answer: Option A
D. the diode is working correctly. s the forward current through a silicon diode
increases, the internal resistance
Answer: Option C A. increases.
Single-element semiconductors are B. decreases.

characterized by atoms with ____ valence
electrons.
C. remains the same.
A. 3
Answer: Option B
B. 4
The movement of free electrons in a
conductor is called
C. 5
A. voltage.
D. 2
B. current.
E. none of the above

C. recombination.
Answer: Option B
D. equilibrium.
Under normal conditions a diode conducts Answer: Option B
current when it is

60
or a forward-biased diode, the barrier potential

D. decreased, decreases
________ as temperature increases.
A. decreases Answer: Option B
Which statement best describes an insulator?
B. remains constant A. A material with many free electrons.
C. increases B. A material doped to have some free electrons.
Answer: Option A C. A material with few free electrons.
D. No description fits.
The wide end arrow on a schematic indicates
the ________ of a diode. Answer: Option C
A. ground
B. direction of electron flow Effectively, how many valence electrons are

there in each atom within a silicon crystal?
C. cathode A. 2
D. anode B. 4
Answer: Option D C. 8
An n-type semiconductor material D. 16

A. is intrinsic.
Answer: Option C
B. has trivalent impurity atoms added. The boundary between p-type material and n-
type material is called
C. has pentavalent impurity atoms added. A. a diode.
D. requires no doping. B. a reverse-biased diode.
Answer: Option C
C. a pn junction.
For a forward-biased diode, as temperature is ________,

D. a the forward current
forward-biased ________ for a
diode.
given value of forward voltage.
A. decreased, increases Answer: Option C
B. increased, increases You have an unknown type of diode in a

circuit. You measure the voltage across it and
C. increased, decreases find it to be 0.3 V. The diode might be
A. a silicon diode.

61
B. a germanium diode. D. trivalent
C. a forward-biased silicon diode. E. none of the above
D. a reverse-biased germanium diode. Answer: Option C
Answer: Option B What factor(s) do(es) the barrier potential of a

pn junction depend on?
An ideal diode presents a(n) ________ when
reversed-biased and a(n) ________ when A. type of semiconductive material
forward-biased.
A. open, short B. the amount of doping
B. short, open C. the temperature
C. open, open D. all of the above
D. short, short type of semiconductive material and

E. the amount of doping but not the
Answer: Option A temperature
A reverse-biased diode has the ________ Answer: Option D

connected to the positive side of the source, An atom is made up of
and the ________ connected to the negative A. protons.
side of the source.
A. cathode, anode B. neutrons.
B. cathode, base C. electrons.
C. base, anode D. all of the above
D. anode, cathode Answer: Option D
Answer: Option A
Reverse breakdown is a condition in which a
diode
What types of impurity atoms are added to A. is subjected to a large reverse voltage.
increase the number of conduction-band
electrons in intrinsic silicon?
is reverse-biased and there is a small
A. bivalent B.
leakage current.
B. octavalent C. has no current flowing at all.
C. pentavalent is heated up by large amounts of

D.
current in the forward direction.

62
Answer: Option A
There is a small amount of current across the The forward voltage across a conducting
barrier of a reverse-biased diode. This current silicon diode is about
is called A. 0.3 V.
A. forward-bias current.
B. 1.7 V.
B. reverse breakdown current.
C. –0.7 V.
C. conventional current.
D. 0.7 V.
D. reverse leakage current.
Answer: Option D
Answer: Option D
. The most common type of diode failure is a(n) ________.
As the forward current through a silicon diode A. open
increases, the voltage across the diode
A. increases to a 0.7 V maximum. B. short
B. decreases. C. resistive
C. is relatively constant. Answer: Option A

What occurs when a conduction-band electron loses energy
and falls back into a hole in the valence band?
D. decreases and then increases.
A. doping
Answer: Option C
B. recombination
Doping of a semiconductor material
means C. generation
that a glue-type substance is
A. added to hold the material Answer: Option B
together. The maximum number of electrons in each shell of an
atom is
A. 2.
that impurities are added to
B. increase the resistance of the
material. B. 2n2 where n is the number of the shell.
that impurities are added to C. 4.

C. decrease the resistance of the
material.
D. 8.
that all impurities are removed to Answer: Option B

D.
get pure silicon.
Answer: Option C

63
A silicon diode is forward-biased. You

has characteristics that closely match
measure the voltage to ground from the anode B.
those of a simple switch
at ________, and the voltage from the
cathode to ground at ________.
C. is a two-terminal device
A. 0 V, 0.3 V
D. All of the above

B. 2.3 V, 1.6 V
Answer: Option D
C. 1.6 V, 2.3 V
What does a high resistance reading in both
D. 0.3 V, 0 V forward- and reverse-bias directions indicate?
A. A good diode
Answer: Option B
B. An open diode
The term bias in electronics usually means C. A shorted diode

A. the value of ac voltage in the signal.
D. A defective ohmmeter
the condition of current through a pn
B. Answer: Option B
junction.
Which capacitance dominates in the reverse-

the value of dc voltages for the device bias region?
C.
to operate properly.
A. depletion
D. the status of the diode.

B. conversion
Answer: Option C
Semiconductor Diodes C. 40 Diffusion
One eV is equal to ________ J.
A. 6.02 × 1023 D. 140 None of the above
Answer: Option A
B. 1.6 × 10–19
What is the state of an ideal diode in the
region of nonconduction?
C. 6.25 × 1018 A. An open circuit
D. 1.66 × 10–24 B. A short circuit

Answer: Option B
The diode ________. C. Unpredictable
is the simplest of semiconductor
A. D. Undefined
devices
Answer: Option A

64
0
How many orbiting electrons does the D.
germanium atom have?
A. 4 Answer: Option C
What is the range of the operating voltage level
B. 14 for LEDs?
A. 5–12 mV
C. 32
B. 1.7–3.3 V
D. 41
C. 5–12 V
Answer: Option C
D. 20–25 V
How many terminals does a diode have?
A. 1 Answer: Option B
At what kind of operating frequency diffusion or
B. 2 transition is a capacitor represented in parallel with the
ideal diode?
A. Low frequency
C. 3
B. Moderate frequency
D. 4
Answer: Option B C. Mid frequency
D. Very
What unit is used to represent the level of a diode forward current IF? high frequency
A. pA Answer: Option D
B. nA
Which of the following devices can check the
C. A condition of a semiconductor diode?
A. Digital display meter (DDM)
D. mA
B. Multimeter
Answer: Option D
The diffused impurities with ________ valence
electrons are called donor atoms. C. Curve tracer
A. 4
D. All of the above
B. 3
Answer: Option D
C. 5
What is the resistor value of an ideal diode in the region of
A. 0

65
B. 5 k A. Boron
C. Undefined B. Gallium
D. Infinity C. Indium
Answer: Option A D. All of the above

Calculate the power dissipation of a diode having
ID = 40 mA.
Answer: Option D
A. 28 mW Calculate ID if RD = 30 and VD = 0.84 V.
A. 28 mA
B. 28 W
B. 0.028 mA
C. 280 mW
C. 2.8 A
D. Undefined
D. 280 A
Answer: Option A
Vd * Id = (0.7 * .040)W = .028 W = 28 mW
Answer: Option A
What is the maximum power rating for LEDs?
Calculate static resistance RD of a diode A. 150 mW
having ID = 30 mA and VD = 0.75 V.
A. 25 B. 500 mW
B. 40 C. 1 W
C. 0.04 D. 10 W
D. 0.025 Answer: Option A

The ________ diode model is employed most
Answer: Option A frequently in the analysis of electronic
n which of the following is the light intensity systems.
measured? A. ideal device
A. Candela
B. simplified
B. Efficacy
C. piecewise-linear
C. Flux
Answer: Option B
D. Illumination
What is the value of the transition capacitance
Answer: Option A for a silicon diode when VD = 0? (Choose the
Which of the following elements is most best answer.)
frequently used for doping pure Ge or Si?

66
In what state is a silicon diode if the

A. 1 pF
voltage drop across it is about 0.7 V?
A. No bias
B. 3 pF
B. Forward bias
C. 5 pF
C. Reverse bias
D. 10 pF
Answer: Option B D. Zener region
Which of the following ratings is true? Answer: Option B

Si diodes have higher PIV and Special-Purpose Diodes
A. narrower temperature ranges than Ge
diodes.
Schottky diodes are also known as
Si diodes have higher PIV and wider A. PIN diodes.
B.
temperature ranges than Ge diodes.
B. hot carrier diodes.
Si diodes have lower PIV and narrower
C.
temperature ranges than Ge diodes. C. step-recovery diodes.
Si diodes have lower PIV and wider D. tunnel diodes.

D.
temperature ranges than Ge diodes.
Answer: Option B
Answer: Option B Zener diodes with breakdown voltages less
than 5 V operate predominantly in what type
The ideal diode is a(n) ________ circuit in the of breakdown?
region of nonconduction.
A. avalanche
A. open
B. zener
B. short
Answer: Option A C. varactor
Which capacitance dominates in the forward- D. Schottky

bias region?
A. Diffusion Answer: Option B
The Schottky diode is used
B. Transition A. in high-power circuits.
C. Depletion B. in circuits requiring negative resistance.
D. None of the above C. in very fast-switching circuits.
Answer: Option A

67
D. in power supply rectifiers. C. remain the same.
You have an application for a diode to be Which diode employs graded doping?
used in a tuning circuit. A type of diode to use A. zener
might be
A. an LED.
B. LED
B. a Schottky diode.
C. tunnel
C. a Gunn diode.
D. step-recovery
D. a varactor. Answer: Option D
Answer: Option D
Refer to this figure. Which symbol is correct Refer to this figure. Identify the Schottky
for an LED? diode.
A. a
B. b A. a
C. c B. b
D. d C. c
E. e D. d
Answer: Option A
E. e
Refer to this figure. If VIN increases, IZ will
Answer: Option E
LEDs are made out of
A. silicon.
B. germanium.
A. increase.
C. gallium.
B. decrease.

68
D. silicon and germanium, but not gallium.

A 6.2 V zener is rated at 1 watt. The maximum
safe current the zener can carry is
Answer: Option C
The normal operating region for a zener diode A. 1.61 A.
is the
A. forward-bias region. B. 161 mA.
B. reverse-bias region. C. 16.1 mA.
C. zero-crossing region. D. 1.61 mA.
D. reverse-breakdown region. Answer: Option B
Answer: Option D . Refer to this figure. Find the tunnel diode

symbol.
. Refer to this figure. If VIN attempts to
increase, VR will
A. a
A. increase.
B. b
B. decrease.
C. c
C. remain the same.

D. d
Answer: Option A
An LED is forward-biased. The diode should E. e
be on, but no light is showing. A possible
trouble might be Answer: Option D
A. the diode is open.
Refer to this figure. If the load current increases, IR will ___
B. the series resistor is too small.
none. The diode should be off if

C.
forward-biased.
D. the power supply voltage is too high.

A. remain the same, increase
Answer: Option A
B. decrease, remain the same

69
= 8.325
C. increase, remain the same
D. remain the same, decrease Refer to this figure. Which symbol is correct
for a photodiode?
Answer: Option D
The process of emitting photons from a
semiconductive material is called
A. photoluminescence.
B. gallium arsenide.
A. a
C. electroluminescence.
B. b
D. gallium phosphide.
C. c
Answer: Option C
D. d
What diode operates only with majority E. e

carriers?
A. laser Answer: Option C
B. tunnel What type of diode maintains a constant

current?
C. Schottky A. LED
D. step-recovery B. zener
Answer: Option C
C. current regulator
An 8.2 V zener has a resistance of 5 . The D. pin

actual voltage across its terminals when the
current is 25 mA is
[A]. 8.2 V.
Answer: Option C
[B]. 125 mV.
[C]. 8.325 V. . What diode is used in seven-segment

displays?
[D]. 8.075 V.
A. zener
Answer: Option C
Voltage drop across 5 ohm is 5*25mA =
125mV B. LED
Then total voltage across terminal is 8.2+.125

70
C. laser no reason; only zeners are used in a

D.
back-to-back configuration
D. Schottky
Answer: Option C
Answer: Option B
A tunnel diode is used

Refer to this figure. If VIN decreases, IR will
A. in high-power circuits.
B. in circuits requiring negative resistance.
C. in very fast-switching circuits.
A. increase. D. in power supply rectifiers.
B. decrease. Answer: Option B
What type of diode is commonly used in

C. remain the same. electronic tuners in TVs?
Answer: Option B A. varactor
B. Schottky
Zener diodes with breakdown voltages greater
than 5 V operate predominantly in what type
of breakdown? C. LED
A. avalanche
D. Gunn
B. zener
Answer: Option A
A laser diode normally emits
C. varactor
A. coherent light.
D. Schottky
B. monochromatic light.
Answer: Option A
C. coherent and monochromatic light.
Back-to-back varactor diodes are used for neither coherent nor monochromatic
D.
what reason? light.
A. over-voltage protection Answer: Option C

A varactor is a pn junction diode that always
B. a wider tuning range operates in ________-bias and is doped to
________ the inherent capacitance of the
depletion region.
C. to eliminate harmonic distortion
A. forward, maximize

71
B. reverse, maximize A. one-half
C. reverse, minimize B. equal to
D. forward, minimize C. twice
Answer: Option B
D. one-quarter
Determine the total discharge time for the
capacitor in a clamper having C = 0.01 F
Answer: Option C
and R = 500 k .
[A]. 5 ms
[B]. 25 ms PIV is which of the following?

A. peak input voltage
[C]. 2.5 ms
[D]. 50 ms B. peak inverse voltage

Answer: Option B
C. peak immediate voltage
What type of diode circuit is used to clip off D. positive input voltage
portions of signal voltages above or below
certain levels? Answer: Option B
A. clipper or limiter
Determine the peak value of the current
B. clamper through the load resistor.
C. IC voltage regulator
Answer: Option A
Each diode in a center-tapped full-wave
rectifier is ________ -biased and conducts for
________ of the input cycle.
A. forward, 90º
[A]. 2.325 mA
B. reverse, 180º [B]. 5 mA
[C]. 1.25 mA
C. forward, 180º
[D]. 0 mA
D. reverse, 90º Answer: Option A
Actually resistance is RL+2K=4k
Answer: Option C
The output frequency of a full-wave rectifier is Now voltage across load is 10-.7v=9.3v
________ the input frequency. so i=9.3/4

72
2.325
D.
Determine the peak value of the output Answer: Option B

waveform.
What is the peak inverse voltage across each
diode in a voltage doubler?
A. Vm
B. 2Vm
C. 0.5Vm
A. 25 V
D. 0.25Vm
B. 15 V
Answer: Option B
C. –25 V
What is the VRRM (PIV rating) for the 1N4001
rectifier diode?
D. –15 V
A. 50 V
Answer: Option B
B. 100 V
In a regulated supply, what term describes
how much change occurs in the output C. 200 V
voltage for a given change in the input
voltage?
D. 400 V
A. load regulation

B. voltage regulator
Answer: Option A
C. line regulation
What type of diode circuit is used to add or
D. ripple voltage restore a dc level to an electrical signal?
A. clipper or limiter
Answer: Option C
B. clamper
A short circuit has a ________ drop across its
terminals, and the current is limited only by
the surrounding network. C. IC voltage regulator
A. 5V
B. 0 V Answer: Option B
C. 1 V

73
. In a regulated supply, what term describes how much change occurs in the output voltage over a
certain range of load current values, from minimum to maximum current?
A. line regulation Answer: Option B
B. voltage regulator An open circuit can have any voltage across

its terminals, but the current is always
C. current regulator ________.
A. 5A
D. load regulation
B. 0 A
Answer: Option D
C. rectifier?
What is the PIV for each diode in a full-wave center-tapped 1A Note: Vp(out) = peak output
voltage.
A. Vp(out) – 0.7 V D.
Answer: Option B
B. Vp(out) + 0.7 V
C. 2Vp(out) – 0.7 V A silicon diode in a half-wave rectifier has a

barrier potential of 0.7 V. This has the effect of
reducing the peak output voltage by 0.7
D. 2Vp(out) + 0.7 V A.
V.
Answer: Option D
If the ac supply is 50 Hz, what will be the ripple frequency increasing the peak output voltage by
B.
out of the full-wave rectifier? 0.7 V.
A. 50 Hz
reducing the peak input voltage by 0.7
C.
V.
B. 60 Hz
D. no effect.
C. 100 Hz
Answer: Option A
D. 120 Hz
Answer: Option C . What best describes the circuit?

How many terminals do the 7800 series fixed positive
voltage regulators have?
A. 2
B. 3
C. 4 A. Full-wave rectifier
D. 5 B. Half-wave rectifier

74
C. Clipper
D. Clamper
Answer: Option C
Determine the value of the load resistor.

[A]. 2 mA, 0 mA
[B]. 4 mA, 2 mA
[C]. 2 mA, 2 mA
[D]. 2 mA, 4 mA
Answer: Option D
A. RL = 5 k
Its a case of 'voltage regulator through zener
diode'
B. RL = 5.5 k VL will be the zener voltage i.e. 10v
Hence current through RL is V/R i.e. 10/5k

C. RL = 6 k =2mA
D. None of the above Current through R is (voltage difference

across R)/resistance
Answer: Option B i.e. (16-10)/1k =6mA
RL=12v-(0.3+0.7)v/2mA=5.5Kohm
Hence current through zener diode= total
ge=0.3v & si=0.7v current-Load current
i.e.6mA-2mA =4mA
If the ac supply is 60 Hz, what will be the

ripple frequency out of the half-wave Which diode(s) has (have) a zero level current
rectifier? and voltage drop in the ideal model?
A. 30 Hz A. Si
B. 50 Hz B. Ge
C. 60 Hz C. Both Si and Ge
D. 120 Hz D. Neither Si nor Ge

The output frequency of a half-wave rectifier is
________ the input frequency.
Calculate IL and IZ. A. one-half
B. twice

75
C. equal to
Answer: Option C
A. Full-wave rectifier
A diode is in the "________" state if the
current established by the applied sources B. Half-wave rectifier
is such that its direction matches that of
the arrow in the diode symbol, and VD ≥
0.7 V for Si and VD ≥ 0.3 V for Ge. C. Clipper
A. off
D. Clamper
B. on
C. neutral In a voltage-multiplier circuit, the number

of diodes is directly proportional to the
multiplicative voltage factor.
D. quiescent
A. True
Answer: Option B
B. False
Determine ID.
Answer: Option A
Rectifiers are commonly used in battery

chargers.
A. True
A. 0 mA
B. False
B. 1.893 mA Answer: Option A
C. 2.036 mA
List the categories of clippers.
A. Series
D. 2.143 mA
Answer: Option B B. Parallel

2 diodes 0.7 + 0.7 = 1.4 v
1.4 - 12 =10.6
C. Series and parallel
now just i=v/r = 10.6/5.6
D. None of the above

What best describes the circuit?
Answer: Option C

76
Answer: Option A
A silicon diode has a voltage to ground of –
117 V from the anode. The voltage to ground Refer to this figure. Determine the
from the cathode is –117.7 V. The diode is minimum value of IB that will produce
saturation.
[A]. open.
Bipolar Junction Transistors
[B]. shorted.
[C]. forward-biased.
[D]. reverse-biased.
Answer: Option C
What is the logic function of this circuit?
[A]. 0.25 mA
[B]. 5.325 A
[C]. 1.065 A
A. Positive logic AND gate
[D]. 10.425 A
Answer: Option D
B. Positive logic OR gate
A transistor amplifier has a voltage gain of
C. Negative logic AND gate 100. If the input voltage is 75 mV, the output
voltage is:
D. Negative logic OR gate A. 1.33 V
Answer: Option B B. 7.5 V
C. 13.3 V
In a voltage regulator network with fixed
RL and R, what element dictates the minimum
level of source voltage? D. 15 V
A. VZ Answer: Option B
voltage gain=vout/vin.
B. IZ 100=vout/75mv(.075v)
100*.075=7.5v
C. IZM
What is the ratio of IC to IB?
D. None of the above A. DC

77
B. hFE
For a silicon transistor, when a base-emitter
junction is forward-biased, it has a nominal
C. DC voltage drop of
A. 0.7 V.
D. either DC or hFE, but not DC
B. 0.3 V.
Answer: Option D
C. 0.2 V.
For normal operation of a pnp BJT, the base D. VCC.

must be ________ with respect to the emitter
and ________ with respect to the collector. Answer: Option A
[A]. positive, negative
[B]. positive, positive A certain transistor has IC = 15 mA and

IB = 167 A; DC is:
[C]. negative, positive
[A]. 15
[D]. negative, negative
[B]. 167
Answer: Option C
[C]. 0.011
When a transistor is used as a switch, it is
stable in which two distinct regions? [D]. 90
A. saturation and active Answer: Option D
What does DC vary with?
B. active and cutoff
A. IC
C. saturation and cutoff
B. ºC
C. both IC and ºC
Answer: Option C
D. IC, but not ºC
The term BJT is short for
Answer: Option C
A. base junction transistor.
B. binary junction transistor.

A BJT has an IB of 50 A and a DC of 75;
C. both junction transistor. IC is:
A. 375 mA
D. bipolar junction transistor.
B. 37.5 mA
Answer: Option D

78
ib=ic/beta
C. 3.75 mA
beta=100
ic=vcc/rc
D. 0.375 mA ib=(20/2500)/100
ib=0.08ma
Answer: Option C rb=(vbb-vbe)/ib
(8-0.7)/0.08=91.25kohms
What are the two types of bipolar junction

transistors? The value of DC
A. npn and pnp A. is fixed for any particular transistor.
B. pnn and nnp B. varies with temperature.
C. ppn and nnp C. varies with IC.
D. pts and stp D. varies with temperature and IC.

Answer: Option A Answer: Option D
In this circuit DC = 100 and VIN = 8 V. The A transistor data sheet usually identifies
value of RB that will produce saturation is: DC as
A. hre.
B. hFE.
C. IC.
D. VCE.
Answer: Option B
What is the ratio of IC to IE?

A. 92 k A. DC
B. 9.1 M
B. DC /( DC + 1)
C. 100 k
C. DC
D. 150 k
either DC /( DC + 1) or , but
DC
D.
Answer: Option A not DC
vbb=vbe+ib*rb
vbb=8; vbe=0.7
Answer: Option D

79
Refer to this figure. The value of DC = 100 D. collector, emitter, base

and VIN = 8 V. Determine IC(sat).
Answer: Option B
In what range of voltages is the transistor in

the linear region of its operation?
A. 0 < VCE
B. 0.7 < VCE < VCE(max)
C. VCE(max) > VCE
Answer: Option B
[A]. 18 mA
[B]. 7.92 mA The magnitude of dark current in a

phototransistor usually falls in what range?
[C]. 1.8 mA
A. mA
[D]. 8 A
Answer: Option B B. μA
ic=(vcc-0.2)/rc
= (20-0.2)/2500
=7.92ma C. nA
D. pA
Which of the following is true for an npn or
Answer: Option C
pnp transistor?
A. IE = IB + IC
A 35 mV signal is applied to the base of a
properly biased transistor with an r'e =
B. IB = IC+ IE 8 and RC = 1 k . The output signal
voltage at the collector is:
C. IC = IB + IE [A]. 3.5 V
D. none of the above [B]. 28.57 V
[C]. 4.375 mV
What is the order of doping, from heavily to
lightly doped, for each region? [D]. 4.375 V
A. base, collector, emitter Answer: Option D
Vgain = Rc/re.
B. emitter, collector, base Vo/Vin = Rc/re.
Vo = Vin * Rc/re.
Vo = 35 * 10^-3 * 1000/8.
C. emitter, base, collector

80
Then, Vo = 4.375V.
Which transistor bias circuit arrangement
provides good stability using negative
feedback from collector to base?
What is (are) common fault(s) in a BJT-based
circuit? A. base bias
opens or shorts internal to the

A. B. collector-feedback bias
transistor
B. open bias resistor(s) C. voltage-divider bias
external opens and shorts on the circuit D. emitter bias

C.
board
Answer: Option B
D. all of the above
What is the dc input resistance at the base of
Answer: Option D a BJT?
A. DCRC
the dc load line on a family of collector
characteristic curves of a transistor shows the
B. DC·( )
A. saturation region.
B. cutoff region. C. DC·re′
C. active region. D. DCRE
D. all of the above Answer: Option D

Which transistor bias circuit provides good Q-
Answer: Option D point stability with a single-polarity supply
Transistor Bias Circuits voltage?
A. base bias
1. Clipping is the result of B. collector-feedback bias
A. the input signal being too large.

C. voltage-divider bias
the transistor being driven into

B. D. emitter bias
saturation.
Answer: Option C
the transistor being driven into Refer to this figure. In the voltage-divider
C.
cutoff. biased npn transistor circuit, if R2 opens, the
transistor is
D. all of the above
Answer: Option D

81
D. collector bias.
Answer: Option A
What is the Q-point for a fixed-bias transistor
with IB = 75 A, DC = 100, VCC = 20 V, and
RC = 1.5 k ?
[A]. VC = 0 V
[B]. VC = 20 V
[C]. VC = 8.75 V
[D]. VC = 11.25 V
Answer: Option C
VCE=Vcc-IcRc (.'.VCE=Vc, Beta=Ic/Ib =>
Ic=Beta*Ib)
.'.Vc=Vcc-Beta*Ib*Rc
A. saturated. =20-100x75x10^(-6)x1.5x10^(-3)
=8.75V
B. cutoff.
. Emitter bias requires
C. nonconducting. A. only a positive supply voltage.
Answer: Option A
B. only a negative supply voltage.
C. no supply voltage.
Ideally, for linear operation, a transistor should
be biased so that the Q-point is
both positive and negative supply
A. near saturation. D.
voltages.
B. near cutoff. Answer: Option D
C. where IC is maximum. . Refer to this figure. Assume that IC IE. Find VE.
D. halfway between cutoff and saturation.
Answer: Option D
The most stable biasing technique used is the
A. voltage-divider bias.
B. base bias.
C. emitter bias.
[A]. 5 V

82
[B]. 10 V D. voltage-divider
[C]. 15 V Answer: Option D

[D]. 2.5 V
Answer: Option D Refer to this figure. Determine IC.
Refer to this figure. In the voltage-divider biased npn
transistor circuit, if RC opens, the transistor is
[A]. 5 A
A. saturated.
[B]. 5 mA
B. cutoff. [C]. 0 mA
[D]. 10 mA
C. nonconducting.
Answer: Option B
ic = beta dc * ib.
Which transistor bias circuit arrangement has poor stability
= 100*50 * 10^-6,
because its Q-point varies widely with DC?
= 5000 * 10^-6,
A. base bias = 5 * 10^3 * 10^-6,
= 5mA.
B. collector-feedback bias
20. At saturation the value of VCE is nearly ________, and IC =
C. voltage-divider bias A. zero, zero
D. emitter bias B. VCC, IC(sat)
Answer: Option A
C. zero, I(sat)
What is the most common bias circuit? D. VCC, zero

A. base
Answer: Option C
Voltage-divider bias has a relatively stable Q-point, as does
B. collector
A. base bias.
C. emitter
B. collector-feedback bias.

83
C. both of the above [A]. 1 k
[B]. 1.5 k
[C]. 2 k
Answer: Option B
[D]. 2.5 k
The linear (active) operating region of a RC=(Vcc-VCE-VRE)/Ic.
transistor lies along the load line below Vcc=20v.
________ and above ________. VCE=10v.
A. cutoff, saturation VRE=RE*Ic=500*(100*50uA)=2.5v;
B. saturation, cutoff Ic=Bdc*Ib=5mA.
Answer: Option B RC=(20-10-2.5)/5mA=1.5K.
The input resistance of the base of a voltage- . Refer to this figure. The value of IC is
divider biased transistor can be neglected
A. at all times.
only if the base current is much smaller

B. than the current through R2 (the lower
bias resistor).
C. at no time.
only if the base current is much larger [A]. 10 A.

D. than the current through R2 (the lower
bias resistor). [B]. 10 mA.
Answer: Option B [C]. 5 mA.
[D]. 50 mA.
Refer to this figure. Assume IC IE. Answer: Option C
Determine the value of RC that will allow VCE to
equal 10 V. Which transistor bias circuit arrangement provides good Q-poin
and negative supply voltages?
A. base bias
B. collector-feedback bias
C. voltage-divider bias
D. emitter bias
Answer: Option D

84
A. IC.
Refer to this figure. Calculate the current I2.
B. VCE.
C. the Q-point.
D. all of the above
Answer: Option D
BJT Devices
[A]. 32 mA
[B]. 3.2 mA How much is the base-to-emitter voltage of a

transistor in the "on" state?
[C]. 168 A A. 0V
[D]. 320 A
B. 0.7 V
Answer: Option D
Analyse the data
Given Ib=(50*10^-6)A C. 0.7 mV
Calculate ic using beta value i.e ic=beta*ib=5mA
Ic=Ie therefore ve=ie*re=2.5v D. Undefined
vbe=vb-ve
vb=vbe+ve=0.7+2.5=3.2
Answer: Option B
Then i2=vb/r2=3.2/10000=320microamps
How many layers of material does a transistor
have?
Refer to this figure. In the voltage-divider biased npnA.transistor
1 circuit, if R1 opens, the transistor
is
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
Answer: Option C
Which of the following equipment can check
the condition of a transistor?
A. Current tracer
A. saturated.
B. Digital display meter (DDM)

B. cutoff.
C. Ohmmeter (VOM)
C. nonconducting.
Answer: Option B D. All of the above
Changes in result in changes in Answer: Option D

DC

85
C. Exceeding 100 k , exceeding 100 k

For what kind of amplifications can the active
region of the common-emitter configuration be
used? D. 100 to a few k , 100 to a few k
A. Voltage
Answer: Option A
B. Current Calculate minority current ICO if IC = 20.002 mA and IC majority

A. 20 A
C. Power
B. 0.002 A
D. All of the above
Answer: Option D C. 2 nA
In the active region, while the collector-base D. 2 A

junction is ________-biased, the base-emitter
is ________-biased. Answer: Option D
A. forward, forward
B. forward, reverse In which region are both the collector-base

and base-emitter junctions forward-biased?
C. reverse, forward A. Active
D. reverse, reverse B. Cutoff
Answer: Option C
C. Saturation
A transistor can be checked using a(n)
________.
A. curve tracer D. All of the above
Answer: Option C
B. digital meter
What is (are) the component(s) of electrical

C. ohmmeter characteristics on the specification sheets?
A. On
D. Any of the above
Answer: Option D B. Off
C. Small-signal characteristics
7. What range of resistor values would you get when checking a transistor for forward- and
reverse-biased conditions by an ohmmeter?
D. All of the above
A. 100 to a few k , exceeding 100 k
Answer: Option D
B. Exceeding 100 k , 100 to a few k Which of the following is (are) the terminal(s)
of a transistor?

86
A. Emitter Cannot be solved with the information

D.
provided
B. Base
Transistors are ________-terminal devices.
A. 2
C. Collector
B. 3
D. All of the above
Answer: Option D C. 4
Which of the following configurations can a
transistor set up? D. 5
A. Common-base
Answer: Option B
B. Common-emitter
C. Common-collector Which of the following can be obtained from

the last scale factor of a curve tracer?
D. All of the above A. hFE
Answer: Option D B. dc
What does a reading of a large or small
resistance in forward- and reverse-biased
conditions indicate when checking a transistor C. ac
using an ohmmeter?
A. Faulty device D. ac
B. Good device Answer: Option D
C. Bad ohmmeter
dc = ________
D. None of the above A. IB / IE
Answer: Option A
B. IC / IE
Determine the value of when = 100. C. IC / IB

A. 1.01
B. 101
Answer: Option C
C. 0.99 How many carriers participate in the injection
process of a unipolar device?
A. 1

87
can be housed in a 14-pin plastic dual-in-line

B. 2
package?
A. 4
C. 0
B. 7
D. 3
Answer: Option A C. 10
What is the most frequently encountered
transistor configuration? D. 14
A. Common-base
Answer: Option A
B. Common-collector
C. Common-emitter In what decade was the first transistor

created?
D. Emitter-collector A. 1930s
Answer: Option C B. 1940s
What are the ranges of the ac input and C. 1950s

output resistance for a common-base
configuration? D. 1960s
A. 10 –100 , 50 k –1 M
Answer: Option B
B. 50 k –1 M , 10 –100
Most specification sheets are broken down
into ________.
C. 10 –100 k , 50 –1 k A. maximum ratings
D. None of the above B. thermal characteristics
Answer: Option A
Which of the following regions is (are) part of C. electrical characteristics
the output characteristics of a transistor?
A. Active D. All of the above
Answer: Option D
B. Cutoff
C. Saturation For a properly biased pnp transistor, let

IC = 10 mA and IE = 10.2 mA. What is the
level of IB?
D. All of the above
A. 0.2 A
Answer: Option D
B. 200 mA
How many individual pnp silicon transistors

88
Calculate VCE.
C. 200 A
D. 20.2 mA
Answer: Option C
List the types of bipolar junction

transistors.
A. ppn, npn
[A]. –4.52 V
B. pnp, npn
[B]. 4.52 V
C. npp, ppn [C]. –9 V
D. nnp, pnp [D]. 9 V

Answer: Option B
Answer: Option B
What is the ratio of the total width to that of The cutoff region is defined by IB ________ 0
the center layer for a transistor? A.
A. 1:15 A. >
B. 1:150 B. <
C. 15:1 C.
D. 150:1 D.
Answer: Option D Determine the reading on the meter when

VCC = 20 V, RC = 5 k , and IC = 2 mA.
Which component of the collector current IC is

called the leakage current?
A. Majority
B. Independent
[A]. 10 V
C. Minority
[B]. –10 V
[C]. 0.7 V
Answer: Option C
[D]. 20 V
DC Biasing-BJTs

89
Answer: Option A In a voltage-divider circuit, which one of the

Vce=Vcc-IcRc stability factors has the least effect on the
Vce=20-(2m)*5K -20=10 V device at very high temperature?
A. S(ICO)
In a fixed-bias circuit, which one of the stability B. S(VBE)

factors overrides the other factors?
A. S(ICO)
C. S( )
B. S(VBE)
D. Undefined
C. S( ) Answer: Option C
D. Undefined
Which of the following is (are) a stability
Answer: Option C factor?
A. S(ICO)
Which of the following is (are) related to an
emitter-follower configuration? B. S(VBE)
The input and output signals are in
A.
phase.
C. S( )
B. The voltage gain is slightly less than 1.

D. All of the above
Output is drawn from the emitter Answer: Option D

C.
terminal.
. Calculate the storage time in a transistor

D. All of the above
switching network if toff is 56 ns, tf = 14 ns,
and tr = 20 ns.
Answer: Option D
[A]. 70 ns
. At what region of operation is the base- [B]. 42 ns

emitter junction forward biased and the
base-collector junction reverse biased? [C]. 36 ns
A. Saturation [D]. 34 ns
Answer: Option B
B. Linear or active Toff = tf+ts.
Ts = toff-ts.
C. Cutoff
D. None of the above Which of the following currents is nearly equal

to each other?
Answer: Option B A. IB and IC

90
B. IE and IC D. reverse, forward
Answer: Option A
C. IB and IE
D. IB, IC, and IE The ratio of which two currents is represented

by ?
Answer: Option B
A. IC and IE
Which of the following voltages must have a B. IC and IB

negative level (value) in any npn bias circuit?
A. VBE C. IE and IB
B. VCE D. None of the above
C. VBC Answer: Option B
D. None of the above Which of the following is assumed in the

approximate analysis of a voltage divider
Answer: Option C circuit?
A. IB is essentially zero amperes.
For the typical transistor amplifier in the active
region, VCE is usually about ________ % to R1 and R2 are considered to be series
________ % of VCC. B.
elements.
A. 10, 60
C. RE 10R2
B. 25, 75
D. All of the above

C. 40, 90
Answer: Option D
Answer: Option B
The saturation region is defined by

VCE ________ VCEsat.
For the BJT to operate in the saturation
region, the base-emitter junction must be A. >
________-biased and the base-collector
junction must be ________-biased. B. <
A. forward, forward
C.
B. forward, reverse
D.
C. reverse, reverse
Answer: Option C

91
Which of the following is (are) the

B. hfb
application(s) of a transistor?
A. Amplification of signal
C. hrb
B. Switching and control

D. hob
C. Computer logic circuitry Answer: Option A
D. All of the above

Which of the following is referred to as the
Answer: Option D reverse transfer voltage ratio?
BJT Amplifiers
A. hi
The current gain for the Darlington connection B. hr

is ________.
A. C. hf
D. ho
B.
Answer: Option B
C.
Which of the following conditions must be met
D. to allow the use of the approximate approach
in a voltage-divider bias configuration?
Answer: Option B
A. re > 10R2
Which of the following configurations has the

lowest output impedance? B. RE > 10R2
A. Fixed-bias
C. RE < 10R2
B. Voltage-divider
D. re < 10R2
C. Emitter-follower
Answer: Option D
Answer: Option C
For a common-emitter amplifier, the purpose
of swamping is
Which of the h-parameters corresponds to A. to minimize gain.
re in a common-base configuration?
A. hib B. to reduce the effects of r'e

92
C. to maximize gain. A. hybrid equivalent
D. no purpose. B. re
Answer: Option B
C.
What is the typical value of the current gain of D. Thevenin

a common-base configuration?
A. Less than 1 Answer: Option B
B. Between 1 and 50 You have a need to apply an amplifier

with a very high power gain. Which of the
C. Between 100 and 200 following would you choose?
A. common-collector
D. Undefined
B. common-base
Answer: Option A
C. common-emitter
. What is the most important r parameter for
amplifier analysis?
D. emitter-follower
A. rb′
Answer: Option C
B. rc′
C. re′ What is the voltage gain of a feedback pair

connection?
Answer: Option C A. 1
B. –1
An emitter-follower is also known as a
A. common-emitter amplifier. C. 100
B. common-base amplifier. D. –100
C. common-collector amplifier. Answer: Option A
D. Darlington pair. A common-emitter amplifier has

________ voltage gain, ________ current
Answer: Option C gain, ________ power gain, and
________ input impedance.
A. high, low, high, low
The ________ model fails to account for the
output impedance level of the device and the
feedback effect from output to input.

93
B. high, high, high, low D. 500 k to 1 k
C. high, high, high, high Answer: Option C
D. low, low, low, high What is the unit of the parameter ho?
A. Volt
Answer: Option B
B. Ohm
What is the range of the input impedance of a
common-base configuration?
C. Siemen
A. A few ohms to a maximum of 50
D. No unit
B. 1 k to 5 k
Answer: Option C
C. 100 k to 500 k
What is the range of the current gain for BJT
D. 1 M to 2 M transistor amplifiers?
A. less than 1
Answer: Option A
B. 1 to 100
The advantage that a Sziklai pair has over a
Darlington pair is C. above 100
A. higher current gain.
D. All of the above
less input voltage is needed to turn it
B. Answer: Option D
on.
C. higher input impedance.

What does the negative sign in the voltage
D. higher voltage gain. gain of the common-emitter fixed-bias
configuration indicate?
Answer: Option B The output and input voltages are 180º
A.
out of phase.
What is the typical range of the output

impedance of a common-emitter B. Gain is smaller than 1.
configuration?
A. 10 to 100 C. Gain is larger than 1.
B. 1 k to 5 k D. None of the above
Answer: Option A
C. 40 k to 50 k

94
B. two inputs and two outputs.

For the common-emitter fixed-bias
configuration, there is a ________ phase shift
between the input and output signals. C. two inputs and one output.
A. 0º
D. one input and two outputs.
B. 45º
Answer: Option C
C. 90º
The emitter-follower configuration has a
________ impedance at the input and a
D. 180º ________ impedance at the output.
Answer: Option D A. low, low

Which one of the following configurations has
the lowest input impedance? B. low, high
A. Fixed-bias
C. high, low
B. Common-base
D. high, high
C. Emitter-follower
Answer: Option C
D. Voltage-divider?
The differential amplifier produces outputs that
Answer: Option B are
A. common mode.
Which of the following represent(s) the
advantage(s) of the system approach over B. in-phase with the input voltages.
the r-model approach?
A. Thevenin's theorem can be used. C. the sum of the two input voltages.
The effect of changing the load can D. the difference of the two input voltages.
B. be determined by a simple
equation. Answer: Option D
There is no need to go back to the

C. ac equivalent model and analyze
the entire network. The ________ model suffers from being
limited to a particular set of operating
conditions if it is to be considered accurate.
D. All of the above
A. hybrid equivalent
Answer: Option D
B. re
The differential amplifier has

C.
A. one input and one output.

95
D. Thevenin A. base.
Answer: Option A
B. collector.
Under which of the following condition(s) is C. emitter.

the current gain ?
A. ro 10RC D. output.
Answer: Option C
B. RB 10re
. Which of the following is (are) true to

C. ro 10RC and RB 10re
achieve a good overall voltage gain for
the circuit?
D. None of the above The effect of Rs and RL must be
A.
considered as a product.
Answer: Option C
The effect of Rs and RL must be

he ________ configuration is frequently used B. considered as a product and
for impedance matching. evaluated individually.
A. fixed-bias
The effect of Rs and RL must be
C.
B. voltage-divider bias evaluated individually.
C. emitter-follower D. None of the above
Answer: Option B
D. collector feedback
Answer: Option C 38. To analyze the common-emitter amplifier,

what must be done to determine the dc
equivalent circuit?
When the bypass capacitor is removed
A. leave circuit unchanged
from a common-emitter amplifier, the
voltage gain
A. increases. replace coupling and bypass
B.
capacitors with opens
B. decreases.
replace coupling and bypass
C.
capacitors with shorts
C. has very little effect.
D. replace VCC with ground
Answer: Option B
Answer: Option B
In a common-base amplifier, the input signal

is connected to the

96
B. Ac power to the load/dc power supplied

For the common-emitter amplifier ac
equivalent circuit, all capacitors are
C. Dc output power/ac input power
A. effectively shorts.
D. All of the above

B. effectively open circuits.
Answer: Option B
C. not connected to ground.
The dc emitter current of a transistor is 8 mA.
D. connected to ground. What is the value of re?
A. 320
Answer: Option A
B. 13.3 k
Under which of the following conditions is the
output impedance of the network C. 3.125
approximately equal to RC for a common-
emitter fixed-bias configuration?
D. 5.75
A. ro 10RC
Which of the following should be done to
B. ro < 10RC obtain the ac equivalent of a network?
A. Set all dc sources to zero
C. ro < ro
Replace all capacitors by a short-circuit
B.
D. ro > ro equivalent.
Answer: Option A Remove all elements bypassed by the

C.
short-circuit equivalent.
Which of the following gains is less than 1 for
a common-base configuration? D. All of the above
A. Ai
Answer: Option D
B. Av
. In an unbypassed emitter bias
configuration hie replaces ________ in the
C. Ap
re model.
A. re
Answer: Option A B.
Which of the following define(s) the C. re

conversion efficiency?
A. Ac power to the load/ac input power D. Ib
Answer: Option C

97
A. sum of individual voltage gains

Which of the following is (are) true
regarding the input impedance for B. sum of dB voltage gains
frequencies in the midrange 100 kHz of
a BJT transistor amplifier? Answer: Option B
The input impedance is purely
A.
resistive.
Which of the following configurations has
an output impedance Zo equal to RC?
It varies from a few ohms to
B. A. Fixed-bias common-emitter
megohms.
Common-emitter voltage-divider
An ohmmeter cannot be used to B.
with bypass capacitor
C. measure the small-signal ac input
impedance.
Common-emitter voltage-divider
C.
without bypass capacitor
D. All of the above
Answer: Option D D. All of the above
Answer: Option D
For the collector dc feedback configuration,
there is a ________ phase shift between the
input and output signals.
A. 0º For a common-emitter amplifier, the purpose
of the emitter bypass capacitor is
no purpose, since it is shorted out by
B. 45º A.
RE.
C. 90º
B. to reduce noise.
D. 180º
C. to despike the supply voltage.
Answer: Option D
A common-collector amplifier has ________ D. to maximize amplifier gain.
input resistance, ________ current gain, and
________ voltage gain. Answer: Option D
A. high, high, low
. For BJT amplifiers, the ________ gain typically ranges from
B. high, low, low may exceed 1000.
A. voltage
C. high, low, high
B. current
Answer: Option A
C. impedance
The total gain of a multistage amplifier is the

________.

98
D. All of the above D. All of the above

Which of the following configurations has a
voltage gain of –RC /re?
What is the limit of the efficiency defined by =
A. Fixed-bias common-emitter Po / Pi?
A. Greater than 1
B. Common-emitter voltage-divider with bypass capacitor
B. Less than 1
Fixed-bias common-emitter and voltage
C.
-divider with bypass capacitor C. Always 1
Common-emitter voltage-divider without D. None of the above

D.
bypass capacitor
Answer: Option B
What is re equal to in terms of h parameters?
Answer: Option C
A. hre / hoe
An emitter-follower amplifier has an input

impedance of 107 k . The input signal is 12 B. (hre + 1) / hoe
mV. The approximate output voltage is
(common-collector) C. hie – (hre / hoe)(1 + hfe)
[A]. 8.92 V
D. hfe
[B]. 112 mV
[C]. 12 mV E. none of the above
[D]. 8.9 mV Answer: Option A

Answer: Option C
What is the controlling current in a common-
. Which of the following is (are) true base configuration?
regarding the output impedance for A. Ie
frequencies in the midrange 100 kHz of
a BJT transistor amplifier?
B. Ic
The output impedance is purely
A.
resistive.
C. Ib
It varies from a few ohms to more
B. D. None of the above
than 2 M .
Answer: Option A
An ohmmeter cannot be used to
C. measure the small-signal ac output
impedance. Which of the following techniques can be used
in the sinusoidal ac analysis of transistor
networks?

99
A. Small-signal C. division, decreased
Answer: Option B
B. Large-signal
C. Small- or large-signal
A Darlington pair amplifier has
D. None of the above high input impedance and high voltage
A.
gain.
Answer: Option C
low input impedance and low voltage
B.
gain.
The input impedance of a BJT amplifier is
purely ________ in nature and can vary from
a few ________ to ________. a voltage gain of about 1 and a low
C.
input impedance.
A. resistive, ohms, megohms
a low voltage gain and a high input

B. capacitive, microfarads, farads D.
impedance.
C. inductive, millihenrys, henrys Answer: Option D

Field-Effect Transistors
D. None of the above For a JFET, the value of VDS at which
ID becomes essentially constant is the
Answer: Option A A. pinch-off voltage.
The ________ the source resistance B. cutoff voltage.

and/or ________ the load resistance, the
less the overall gain of an amplifier.
C. breakdown voltage.
A. smaller, smaller
D. ohmic voltage.
B. smaller, larger
Answer: Option A
C. larger, smaller
The ________ has a physical channel
D. larger, larger between the drain and source.
A. D-MOSFET
Answer: Option C
B. E-MOSFET
A Darlington pair provides beta ________ for
________ input resistance.
C. V-MOSFET
A. multiplication, decreased
Answer: Option A
B. multiplication, increased
Refer to figure given below. Calculate the
value of VDS.

100
[B]. –6 V
[C]. 3 V
[D]. 6 V
Answer: Option C
Vds = Vd-Vgs = 3v.
What type(s) of gate-to-source voltage(s) can

a depletion MOSFET (D-MOSFET) operate
[A]. 0 V with?
[B]. 2 V A. zero
[C]. 4 V
B. positive
[D]. –2 V
Answer: Option B C. negative
Vdd-[Id(Rd+Rs)]= 20-[6mA(3K)]= 20-18 = 2v
D. any of the above
Refer to figure shown below. Determine the
value of VS. Answer: Option D
Refer to the given figure. ID = 6 mA. Calculate

the value of VDS.
[A]. 20 V
[B]. 8 V
[A]. –9 V
[C]. 6 V
[B]. 9 V
[D]. 2 V
[C]. 6 V
Answer: Option C
Vs = IdRs [D]. –3 V
Where: Id= 6mA
Rs= 1kohms Answer: Option A
Vs=6V In general Vds= Vdd-(Id*Rd)
But in figure direction of FET transistor is out
of drain so, Id becomes negative .
ie, Vds=Vdd-(-Id*Rd)
A self-biased n-channel JFET has a VD = 6 V. Vds=-15-(-6ma*1k)
VGS = –3 V. Find the value of VDS. = -9v
[A]. –3 V

101
Midpoint bias for a D-MOSFET is ID = VDS=12-(6mA*1K)

________, obtained by setting VGS = 0. VDS=6v
A. IDSS / 2
Which of the following devices has the highest
input resistance?
B. IDSS / 3.4
A. diode
C. IDSS
B. JFET
Answer: Option C
C. MOSFET
On the drain characteristic curve of a JFET for

VGS = 0, the pinch-off voltage is D. bipolar junction transistor
A. below the ohmic area. Answer: Option C
between the ohmic area and the

B. Refer to figure given below. Determine the
constant current area.
value of VGS.
between the constant current area and

C.
the breakdown region.
D. above the breakdown region.
Answer: Option B
Refer to the given figure. ID = 6 mA. Calculate

the value of VDS. [A]. –20 V
[B]. –8 V
[C]. –6 V
[D]. –2 V
Answer: Option C
Vgs= -(Id*Rs)
[A]. –6 V The value of VGS that makes ID approximately

zero is the
[B]. 6 V
A. pinch-off voltage.
[C]. 12 V
B. cutoff voltage.
[D]. –3 V
Answer: Option B
VDS=VDD-(ID*RD) C. breakdown voltage.

102
A dual-gated MOSFET is
D. ohmic voltage.
A. a depletion MOSFET.
Answer: Option B
B. an enhancement MOSFET.
The JFET is always operated with the gate- C. a VMOSFET.

source pn junction ________ -biased.
A. forward either a depletion or an enhancement
D.
MOSFET.
B. reverse
Answer: Option D
Answer: Option B
Refer to figure show below. Calculate the
Identify the p-channel D-MOSFET. value of VD.
A. a
B. b
C. c
[A]. 20 V
D. d
[B]. 8 V
Answer: Option B [C]. 6 V
Identify the n-channel D-MOSFET.
[D]. 2 V
Answer: Option B
VDD=+20v
ID=6mA
RD=2Kohm
A. a
VD=VDD-IDRD
=>VD=20V-6mA*2kohm
B. b =>VD=20-12
=>VD=8V
C. c
What three areas are the drain
D. d characteristics of a JFET (VGS = 0) divided
into?
Answer: Option A

103
For a JFET, the change in drain current for a

ohmic, constant-current,
A. given change in gate-to-source voltage, with
breakdown
the drain-to-source voltage constant, is
A. breakdown.
pinch-off, constant-current,
B.
avalanche
B. reverse transconductance.
ohmic, constant-voltage,
C.
breakdown C. forward transconductance.
Answer: Option A D. self-biasing.
In a self-biased JFET circuit, if VD = Answer: Option C

VDD then ID = ________.
A. 0 Identify the p-channel E-MOSFET.
cannot be determined from

B.
information above
Answer: Option A
A. a
The resistance of a JFET biased in the ohmic
region is controlled by
B. b
A. VD.
C. c
B. VGS.
D. d
C. VS.
Answer: Option D
D. VDS.
Refer to figure shown below. What is the
Answer: Option B value of IG?
High input resistance for a JFET is due to

A. a metal oxide layer.
B. a large input resistor to the device.
C. an intrinsic layer.
[A]. 6 mA
the gate-source junction being reverse-
D.
biased. [B]. 4 mA
Answer: Option D [C]. 2 mA

104
[D]. 0 mA
If VD is less than expected (normal) for a self-
Answer: Option D biased JFET circuit, then it could be caused
by a(n)
A JFET data sheet specifies VGS(off) = –6 V A. open RG.
and IDSS = 8 mA. Find the value of ID when
VGS = –3 V. B. open gate lead.
[A]. 2 mA
C. FET internally open at gate.
[B]. 4 mA
[C]. 8 mA D. all of the above

[D]. none of the above
Answer: Option D
Answer: Option A
ID=IDSS(1-VGS/VGS(OFF))^2
Refer to the given figure. ID = 6 mA.
Calculate the value of VDS.
A JFET data sheet specifies VGS(off) = –10 V

and IDSS = 8 mA. Find the value of ID when
VGS = –3 V.
[A]. 2 mA
[B]. 1.4 mA
[C]. 4.8 mA
[D]. 3.92 mA
[A]. 13.2 V
Answer: Option D
[B]. 10 V
Identify the n-channel E-MOSFET. [C]. 6.8 V
[D]. 0 V
Answer: Option C
VDS=VDD-ID*RD
A. a VDS=20-6m(2.2K)
6.8V
B. b FET Devices
C. c
D. d Which of the following ratings appear(s) in the

specification sheet for an FET?
Answer: Option C A. Voltages between specific terminals

105
Answer: Option D
B. Current levels
C. Power dissipation Which of the following applies to a safe

MOSFET handling?
D. All of the above Always pick up the transistor by the
A.
casing.
Answer: Option D
Power should always be off when
B.
network changes are made.
What is the level of drain current ID for gate-to-
source voltages VGS less than (more negative Always touch ground before handling
C.
than) the pinch-off level? the device.
A. zero amperes
D. All of the above
B. IDSS
Answer: Option D
C. Negative value
At which of the following condition(s) is the
depletion region uniform?
D. Undefined
A. No bias
Answer: Option A
B. VDS > 0 V
What is the level of IG in an FET?
C. VDS = VP
A. Zero amperes

B. Equal to ID
Answer: Option A
C. Depends on VDS
What is the ratio of ID / IDSS for VGS = 0.5 VP?

D. Undefined
A. 0.25
Answer: Option A
B. 0.5
What is the range of an FET's input
impedance? C. 1
A. 10 to 1 k
D. 0
B. 1 k to 10 k
Answer: Option A
C. 50 k to 100 k
Which of the following controls the level of
ID?
D. 1 M to several hundred M

106
A. VGS B. one-half
B. VDS C. three-fourths
C. IG D. None of the above
Answer: Option B
D. VDG
Answer: Option A
The transfer curve is not defined by
Shockley's equation for the ________.
It is the insulating layer of ________ in the A. JFET
MOSFET construction that accounts for the
very desirable high input impedance of the B. depletion-type MOSFET
device.
A. SiO
C. enhancement-type MOSFET
B. GaAs
D. BJT
C. SiO2 Answer: Option C
D. HCl What is the purpose of adding two Zener

diodes to the MOSFET in this figure?
Answer: Option C
The BJT is a ________ device. The FET is a

________ device.
A. bipolar, bipolar
A. To reduce the input impedance
B. bipolar, unipolar
To protect the MOSFET for both
B.
C. unipolar, bipolar polarities
D. unipolar, unipolar C. To increase the input impedance
Answer: Option B D. None of the above
Answer: Option B
The drain current will always be one-fourth of
IDSS as long as the gate-to-source voltage is
________ the pinch-off value. he region to the left of the pinch-off locus is
A. one-fourth referred to as the ________ region.
A. saturation

107
B. cutoff
How many terminals can a MOSFET
C. ohmic have?
A. 2
D. All of the above
B. 3
Answer: Option C
C. 4
Which of the following transistor(s) has
(have) depletion and enhancement types?
D. 3 or 4
A. BJT
Answer: Option D
B. JFET
The level of VGS that results in ID = 0 mA is
C. MOSFET defined by VGS = ________.
A. VGS(off)
B. VP
Answer: Option C
C. VDS
The three terminals of the JFET are the
________, ________, and ________. D. None of the above
A. gate, collector, emitter
Answer: Option B
B. base, collector, emitter
. Which of the following FETs has the
C. gate, drain, source lowest input impedance?
A. JFET
D. gate, drain, emitter
B. MOSFET depletion-type
Answer: Option C
C. MOSFET enhancement-type
A BJT is a ________-controlled device. The
JFET is a ________ - controlled device. D. None of the above
A. voltage, voltage
Answer: Option A
B. voltage, current
Which of the following applies to MOSFETs?
C. current, voltage No direct electrical connection between
A.
the gate terminal and the channel
D. current, current
B. Desirable high input impedance
Answer: Option C

108
Uses metal for the gate, drain, and

C.
source connections Hand-held instruments are available to
measure ________ for the BJT.
D. All of the above
A. dc
Answer: Option D
B. IDSS
At which of the following is the level of C. VP

VDS equal to the pinch-off voltage?
A. When ID becomes equal to IDSS D. All of the above
Answer: Option A
B. When VGS is zero volts
C. IG is zero Which of the following input impedances is not

valid for a JFET?
D. All of the above A. 1010
Answer: Option D B. 109
Which of the following represent(s) the C. 108

cutoff region for an FET?
A. ID = 0 mA D. 1011
B. VGS = VP Answer: Option C
C. IG = 0 Which of the following is (are) not an FET?

A. n-channel
D. All of the above
B. p-channel
Answer: Option D
C. p-n channel
Which of the following is (are) the
advantage(s) of VMOS over MOSFETs?
D. n-channel and p-channel
A. Reduced channel resistance
Answer: Option C
B. Higher current and power ratings DC Biasing-FETs
C. Faster switching time

For the FET, the relationship between the
D. All of the above input and output quantities is ________ due to
the ________ term in Shockley's equation.
Answer: Option D

109
A. nonlinear, cubed C. laser diode
B. linear, proportional D. Zener diode
C. nonlinear, squared Answer: Option B
Answer: Option C
On the universal JFET bias curve, the vertical
scale labeled ________ can, in itself, be used
Which of the following is (are) true of a self-
to find the solution to ________
bias configuration compared to a fixed-bias
configurations.
configuration?
A. m, fixed-bias
A. One of the dc supplies is eliminated.
B. M, fixed-bias
B. A resistor RS is added.
C. M, voltage-bias
VGS is a function of the output current
C.
ID.
D. m, voltage-bias
D. All of the above
Answer: Option A
Answer: Option D
Which of the following current equations is
true?
The input controlling variable for a(n)
________ is a current level and a voltage A. IG = ID
level for a(n) ________.
A. BJT, FET B. IG = IS
B. FET, BJT C. ID = IS
C. FET, FET D. IG = ID = IS
D. BJT, BJT Answer: Option C
Answer: Option A 18. Which of the following represents the

voltage level of VGS in a self-bias
configuration?
Through proper design, a ________ can be
introduced that will affect the biasing level of a A. VG
voltage-controlled JFET resistor.
A. photodiode B. VGS(off)
B. thermistor C. VS

110
32. Which of the following describe(s) the

D. VP
difference(s) between JFETs and
depletion-type MOSFETs?
Answer: Option C
VGS can be positive or negative for
A.
the depletion-type.
Which of the following is a false statement
regarding the dc load line when
comparing self-bias and voltage-divider ID can exceed IDSS for the depletion-
B.
configurations? type.
A. Both are linear lines.

The depletion-type can operate in
C.
the enhancement mode.
B. Both cross the origin.
D. All of the above

Both intersect the transfer
C.
characteristics. Answer: Option D
PNPN
Both are obtained by writing Which of the following devices does not have
D. Kirchhoff's voltage law (KVL) at the a cathode terminal?
input side loop.
A. SCR
Answer: Option B
B. SCS
For the noninverting amplifier, one of the most
important advantages associated with using a C. Triac
JFET for control is the fact that it is ________
rather than ________ control.
D. Shockley diode
A. dc, ac
Answer: Option C
B. ac, dc
Which of the following devices is
Answer: Option A unquestionably of the greatest interest today?
A. SCR
What is the approximate current level in
the gate of an FET in dc analysis?
B. GTO
A. 0A
C. LASCR
B. 0.7 mA
D. SCS
C. 0.3 mA
Answer: Option A
D. Undefined
Which of the following devices has a negative-
Answer: Option A resistance region in its characteristics curve?
A. SCR

111
B. SCS
C. Unijunction transistor How many terminals does a Shockley diode

have?
D. Phototransistor A. 5
Answer: Option C B. 4
Determine RB1 for a silicon PUT if it is
determined that h = 0.84, VP = 11.2 V, and
RB2 = 5 k . C. 3
[A]. 12.65 k
D. 2
[B]. 16.25 k
Answer: Option D
[C]. 20.00 k
[D]. 26.25 k What is the range of the variable resistor in

the equivalent circuit of a unijunction
Answer: Option D transistor?
h= efficiency So,
h= Rb1/Rb1+Rb2. A. 50 to 5 k
B. 6 k to 10 k
How many terminals does a programmable
unijunction transistor (PUT) have? C. 5 to 50
A. 4
D. 1 to 5
B. 3
Answer: Option A
C. 2
Which one of the SCR terminals fires the
D. 1 SCR?
A. Anode
Answer: Option B
B. Cathode
What is the typical value of the reverse
resistance of SCRs? C. Gate
A. 1 to 10
D. All of the above
B. 100 to 1 k
Answer: Option C
C. 1 k to 50 k
Which of the following devices has the
smallest turn-off time?
D. 100 k or more
A. SCR
Answer: Option D

112
B. GTO C. GTO
C. SCS D. diac
D. LASCR Answer: Option C
Answer: Option B Which of the following devices has nearly the

same turn-on time as turn-off time?
What is the range of the turn-on times in high- A. SCR
power SCR devices?
A. 30 s to 100 s B. GTO
B. 10 s to 25 s C. SCS
C. 5 s to 8 s D. LASCR
Answer: Option B
D. 1 s to 5 s
Answer: Option B . This symbol is an example of a(n)

________.
What is the frequency range of application of

SCRs?
A. About 10 kHz
A. SCR
B. About 50 kHz
B. SCS
C. About 250 kHz
C. GTO
D. About 1 mHz
D. DIAC
Answer: Option B
Answer: Option A
This symbol is an example of a(n) ________.
Which of the transistors of an SCR are
conducting when the SCR is fired and is in the
conduction mode?
A. npn
A. SCR B. pnp
B. SCS C. Both npn and pnp

113
D. Neither npn nor pnp A. 3A
Answer: Option C
B. 15 A
C. 20 A
For an SCS, a ________ pulse at the anode
gate turns the device on, while a ________
pulse will turn it off. D. 25 A
A. negative, positive Answer: Option A
B. positive, negative
Which of the following areas is (are)
applications of an SCS?
Answer: Option A
A. Counters
Which of the following devices has (have) four

layers of semiconductor materials? B. Pulse generators
A. Silicon-controlled switch (SCS)
C. Voltage sensors
B. Gate turn-off switch (GTO)
D. All of the above
Light-activated silicon-controlled Answer: Option D
C.
rectifier (LASCR)
D. All of the above This symbol is an example of a(n) ________.
Answer: Option D
Which of the following parameters are usually

provided by the manufacturer on the
specification sheet for SCRs?
A. Turn-on time (ton ) A. SCR
B. Turn-off time (toff ) B. SCS
Junction and case temperatures (tj and C. GTO

C.
tc )
D. DIAC
D. All of the above
Answer: Option D
Answer: Option D
How many terminals does a silicon-controlled

switch (SCS) device have?
What is the maximum current (rms) rating for
A. 2
commercially available LASCRs today?

114
B. 3 D. All of the above
Answer: Option D
C. 4
D. 5 This symbol is an example of a(n)________.
Answer: Option C
What is the typical value of the triggering

anode gate for SCS devices?
A. 1.5 mA
A. SCR
B. 150 A
B. SCS
C. 15 A
C. GTO
D. 1 A
D. DIAC
Answer: Option A
Answer: Option B
What is the typical range of turn-off times for

SCRs?
Which of the following transistors is an SCR
A. 5 s to 30 s composed of?
A. npn, pnp
B. 1 s to 5 s
B. npn, npn
C. 0.1 s to 1 s
C. pnp, pnp
D. 0.01 s to 0.1 s
Answer: Option A
Answer: Option A
Which of the following is (are) the advantages
of the SCS over a corresponding SCR? 33. A thyristor is a ________-layer
A. Reduced turn-off time semiconductor material device.
A. 2
Increased control and triggering
B.
sensitivity B. 3
C. More predictable firing situation C. 4

115
D. 5 B. Positive-resistance
Answer: Option C
C. Both negative- and positive-resistance
Two-Terminal Devices
D. Neither negative- nor positive-resistance
Which of the following areas is (are) an Answer: Option B

application of infrared-emitting diodes? What is the range of the varying capacitor CT in varactor diode
A. Intrusion alarms A. 0 pF to 5 pF
B. Shaft encoders B. 2 pF to 10 pF
C. Paper-tape readers C. 2 F to 100 F
D. All of the above D. 2 pF to 100 pF
Answer: Option D Answer: Option D

Schottky diodes are very effective at
frequencies approaching ________.
A. 20 GHz
What is the maximum temperature limit for
liquid-crystal displays (LCDs)?
B. 10 MHz
A. 10ºC
C. 100 MHz
B. 30ºC
D. 1 MHz
C. 60ºC
Answer: Option A
D. 100ºC
What is the voltage drop across Schottky
diodes? Answer: Option C
A. 0 V to 0.2 V Which of the following diodes is limited to the
reverse-bias region in its region of operation?
A. Schottky
B. 0.7 V to 0.8 V
B. Tunnel
C. 0.8 V to 1.0 V
C. Photodiode
D. 1.0 V to 1.5 V
Answer: Option A D. Rectifier
Answer: Option C
4. In which region is the operating point stable in tunnel
Thediodes?
majority of power diodes are constructed
A. Negative-resistance using ________.

116
A. molybdenum
What is the typical level of change in
B. platinum resistance per degree change in temperature?
A. 1% to 2%
C. tungsten
B. 3% to 5%
D. silicon
C. 7% to 10%
Answer: Option D
Which of the following is (are) diodes?
D. 10% to 25%
A. Schottky
Answer: Option B
B. Varactor
What is the maximum peak voltage for tunnel
C. Tunnel diodes?
A. 50 mV
D. All of the above
B. 100 mV
Answer: Option D
What is the limit of peak current IP in tunnel
diodes? C. 250 mV
A few microamperes to several
A. D. 600 mV
hundred amperes
Answer: Option D
B.
amperes This is an equivalent circuit for the ________
diode.
C.
milliamperes

D.
hundred microamperes
Answer: Option A A. Schottky

What is the response time of LCDs?
A. Less than 100 ns B. varicap
B. 50 ms C. tunnel
Answer: Option B
C. 100 ms to 300 ms
Which of the following semiconductor

D. 400 ms
materials is (are) used for manufacturing solar
cells?
Answer: Option C

117
A. Gallium arsenide C. exponentially
Answer: Option C
B. Indium arsenide
C. Cadmium sulfide For a 50-A unit, the PIV of the Schottky is

about ________ compared to 150 V for the p-
n junction variety.
D. All of the above
A. 25
Answer: Option D
B. 50
Which of the following semiconductor
materials is (are) used in the manufacturing of C. 75
tunnel diodes?
A. Germanium D. 100
B. Gallium Answer: Option B
C. Both germanium and gallium arsenide

What metal(s) is(are) used in the construction
of Schottky diodes?
D. Silicon
A. Molybdenum
Answer: Option C
What is the power density received from the B. Platinum
sun at sea level?
A. 10 mW/cm2 C. Tungsten
B. 100 mW/cm2 D. Silicon
C. 500 mW/cm2 E. Any of the above
D. 1 W/cm2 Answer: Option E
Answer: Option B
Which of the following metals is (are) used in
the fabrication of Schottky diodes?
The varicap diode has a transition A. Molybdenum
capacitance sensitive to the applied reverse-
bias potential that is a maximum at zero volts
and decreases ________ with increasing B. Platinum
reverse-bias potentials.
A. logarithmically C. Tungsten
B. parabolically D. All of the above
Answer: Option D

118
A mixture of oxides of cobalt, nickel,

What is the resistance of thermistors at boiling C.
strontium, or manganese
temperature (100ºC)?
A. 5k
D. All of the above
B. 1 k Answer: Option D
C. 100 What is the ratio IP / IV for gallium arsenide?

A. 1:1
D. 1
Answer: Option C B. 5:1

Which of the following areas is (are)
applications of varactor diodes? C. 10:1
A. FM modulators
D. 20:1
B. Automatic-frequency control devices
Answer: Option D
C. Adjustable bandpass filters 27. What is the response time of light-emitting
diodes (LEDs)?
D. All of the above A. Less than 100 ns
Answer: Option D
B. 50 ms
This is an approximate equivalent circuit for
the ________ diode. C. 100 ms to 300 ms
D. 400 ms
Answer: Option A
What type of temperature coefficient do
A. Schottky thermistors have?
A. Positive
B. varicap
B. Negative
C. tunnel
C. Either positive or negative
Answer: Option A
Which of the following materials is (are) used D. None of the above

in the manufacturing of thermistors?
Answer: Option C
A. Ge
Which of the following diodes has a negative-
resistance region?
B. Si A. Schottky

119
B. Varactor A. Picoamperes, nanoamperes
C. Tunnel B. Nanoamperes, microamperes
D. Power C. Microamperes, milliamperes
Answer: Option C
D. Milliamperes, amperes
The tuning diode is a ________-dependent,
variable ________.
Answer: Option C
A. voltage, resistor Thyristors
The ________ can be externally programmed
B. current, capacitor to turn on at a desired anode-to-gate voltage
level.
C. voltage, capacitor A. UJT
D. current, inductor B. PUT
Answer: Option C C. SCR

What is the resistance of thermistors at room
temperature (20ºC)?
D. SCS
A. 5k
Answer: Option B
B. 1 k You need a very efficient thyristor to control
the speed of an AC fan motor. A good device
to use would be
C. 100
A. a 4-layer diode.
D. 1
B. a PUT.
Answer: Option A
C. a triac.
What is the response time of cadmium sulfide
(CdS) in photoconductive cells?
D. a BJT.
A. 100 ms
Answer: Option C
B. 50 ms
An application of a(n) ________ is in a lighting

C. 25 ms system for power interruptions.
A. SCR
D. 10 ms
Answer: Option A B. SCS
What are the typical ranges of reverse-bias C. diac

current levels IS for low-power and high-power
Schottky diodes at room temperature?

120
D. triac A. an SCR.
Answer: Option A
B. a UJT.
.
C. a triac.
Identify the symbol:
D. a 4-layer diode.
A. SCS
Answer: Option B
B. PUT
C. LASCR You have the schematic diagram of

several types of circuits. Which of these
circuits most likely uses a triac?
D. diac
A. an oscillator
Answer: Option A
B. an ac motor control
The silicon-controlled switch (SCS) is C. a programmable oscillator

similar in construction to the
A. triac.
D. an amplifier
B. diac. Answer: Option B
C. SCR.
The ________ is like a diac with a gate
terminal.
D. 4-layer diode.
A. triac
Answer: Option C
B. SCR
The ________ can conduct current in
either direction and is turned on when a C. SCS
breakover voltage is exceeded.
A. SCR
B. diac Answer: Option A
You have a need to use a device to

C. SCS
trigger an SCR. A good one to use might
be
D. triac
A. an SCS.
Answer: Option B
B. a UJT.
You need to design a relaxation oscillator
circuit. The most likely device to use might
be

121
C. a 4-layer diode.
You have a light-dimmer circuit using an
SCR. In testing the circuit, you find that
D. a PUT. IG = 0 mA and the light is still on. You
conclude that the trouble might be one of
Answer: Option B the following:
A. the SCR is open.
The SCR can be triggered on by a
pulse at the
B. the switch is faulty.
A. gate.
C. the gate circuit is shorted.

B. anode.
D. this is normal; nothing is wrong.

C. cathode.
Answer: Option D
Your boss has asked you to recommend a
Answer: Option A thyristor that will enable you to turn it on
with a pulse and also turn it off with a
. pulse. Which of the following should you
recommend?
A. an SCR
Identify the symbol: B. an SCS

A. triac
C. a PUT
B. PUT
D. a triac
C. LASCR
Answer: Option B
D. SCR
An SCR acts to control the speed of an
Answer: Option B electric motor by ________ the ________
of the pulse delivered to the motor.
Which of the following devices might best A. varying, width
be used to control an electric motor?
A. an SCS B. increasing, amplitude
B. a PUT C. decreasing, gate width
C. an SCR D. none of these
Answer: Option A
D. a diac
Measurements and Instrumentation
To increase Q factor of a coil, the wire should
Answer: Option C
be

122
Answer: Option D
A. long
Explanation:
B. thin
C. thick
D. long and thin
Answer: Option C
Q is high if resistance is low. Therefore,
wire should be thick. In 3 phase power measurement by two
wattmeter method, the reading of one
wattmeter is zero. The power factor of load is
An ammeter of 0-25 A range has a
A. 1
guaranteed accuracy of 1% of full scale
reading. The current measured is 5 A. The
limiting error is B. 0.5
A. 2%
C. 0
B. 2.5%
D. 0.8
C. 4%
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
D. 5%
When p.f. = 0.5, 0 = 60° and one of the
Answer: Option D wattmeters reads zero.
Explanation: In a CRO which of the following is not a part of
electron gun
A. cathode
. B. grid
C. accelerating anode
The coil of a moving iron instrument has a
resistance of 500 Ω and an inductance of 1 H.
It reads 250 V when a 250 V dc is applied. If D. X - Y plates
series resistance is 2000 Ω, its reading when
fed by 250 V, 50 Hz ac will be Answer: Option D
A. 260 V Explanation:
Electron gun consists of cathode, grid and
B. 252 V accelerating anode
If reference sound pressure P0 is 2 x 10-
5 N/m2, a sound pressure of 90 dB is equal to
C. 250 V
A. 0.632 N/m2
D. 248 V

123
B. 0.707 N/m2 B. PT
C. 0.835 N/m2 C. Distribution transformer
D. 0.925 N/m2 D. Power transformer

Explanation:
A moving coil instrument has a resistance of
0.6 Ω and full scale deflection at 0.1 A. To
. convert it into an ammeter of 0-15 A range,
the resistance of shunt should be
Which of the following voltmeters would you
use for measuring voltage across 20 kΩ A. 0.6 Ω
resistance?
A. Voltmeter having a resistance of 5 kΩ B. 0.06 Ω
B. Voltmeter having a sensitivity of 1 kW/V C. 0.1 Ω
C. Voltmeter having sensitivity of 10 kW/V D. 0.004 Ω
Answer: Option D
D. None of the above Explanation:
Answer: Option C
A single phase energy meter has the rating
1200 resolutions/ kWh. If a 500 W electric
gadget is used for 4 hours, the energy meter
will make A piezoelectric force transducer has a charge
sensitivity of 20 pC/N. It is connected to a
A. 1200 revolutions charge amplifier and overall gain of transducer
and amplifier is 50 mV/N. The gain of amplifier
B. 1800 revolutions is
A. 1 mV/pC
C. 2100 revolutions
B. 1.5 mV/pC
D. 2400 revolutions
C. 2.5 mV/pC
Answer: Option D
Explanation:
D. 4 mV/pC
0.5 x 4 = 2 kWh = 2 x 1200 revolutions.
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
In which of the transformer is the secondary
nearly short circuited under normal operating
conditions? .
A. CT

124
An LVDT is used to measure .

displacement. The LVDT feeds a
Voltmeter of 0-5 V range through a 250
gain amplifier. For a displacement 0.5 mm
the output of LVDT is 2 mV. The In a ballistic galvanometer, a charge of 100 μC gives a firs
sensitivity of instrument is cause first swing of 50° is
A. 0.1 V/mm A. 200 μC
B. 0.5 V/mm B. 400 μC
C. 1 V/mm C. 50 μC
D. 5 V/mm D. 25 μC

Explanation: Explanation:
Final output = 2 x 10-3 x 250 = 0.5 V. swing is proportional to charge.
. Two resistors R1 = 36 Ω ± 5% and R2 = 75 Ω ± 5% are connect

A. 111 ± 0 Ω
In figure, Z1 = 200∠60° Ω, Z2 = 400∠ - 90° Ω, B. 111 ± 2.778 Ω

Z3 = 300∠0°. Then Z4 for bridge to be
balanced is C. 111 ± 5.55 Ω
D. 111 ± 7.23 Ω
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
A. 150∠30° Ω Total maximum error ± (1.8 + 3.75) = ± 5.55 Ω.

Figure shows an RC potentiometer to measure ac voltage. It is
B. 400∠ - 90° Ω independent of frequency. The value of C should be
C. 300∠90° Ω
D. 600∠ - 150° Ω
Answer: Option D
Explanation:

125
A. 10 μF C. 5°
B. 11 μF D. 1°
C. 0.1 μF Answer: Option D
D. 0.09 μF A digital voltmeter has a read out range from 0 to 999 coun
the resolution is
Answer: Option A A. 1V
Since resistances are in the ratio of 10 : 1,
capacitances should be in the ratio of 1 :
10 because XC ∝ 1/C. B. 0.01 V
C. 1 mV
In a strain measuring device using a strain
gauge, the output quantity is D. 1 μV
A. voltage
Answer: Option C
B. resistance The coil of a moving coil meter has 100 turns, is 40 mm long a
240 x 10-6 N-m on full scale. If B = 1 Wb/m2, range of meter is
C. impedance A. 1 mA
D. either (a) or (b) B. 2 mA
Answer: Option A C. 3 mA
The Lissajous pattern observed on screen of
CRO is a straight line inclined at 45° to x axis. D. 4 mA
If X-plate input is 2 sin ωt, the Y-plate input is
A. 2 sin ωt Answer: Option B
Explanation:
B. 2 sin (ωt + 45°)

NBAI = Controlling torque or
C. 2 sin (ωt - 45°) = 240 x 10-6 or I = 2 mA.
Consider the following statements: In a differential amplifier
D. 22 sin ωt + 45°) using JFET, the differential output offset is due to
1. mismatch between FET parameters
Answer: Option A
2. difference in values of resistances used in circuit
The angle δ for a mica capacitor is about
3. variation in supply voltage.
A. 25° Of the statements, the correct statements are
B. 15° A. 1 and 2

126
The household energy meter is

B. 1, 2, 3
A. indicating instrument
C. 2, 3
B. recording instrument
D. 1, 3
C. integrating instrument
Answer: Option A
A meter with a resistance of 100 Ω and a full Answer: Option C

scale deflection of current of 1 mA is to be A standard cell of 1.0185 V is used with a
converted into voltmeter of 0 - 5 V range. The slide wire potentiometer. The balance was
multiplier resistance should be obtained at 60 cm. When an unknown emf
was connected, the balance was obtained at
A. 490 Ω 82 cm. The magnitude of unknown emf is
A. 1.39 V
B. 5000 Ω
B. 0.75 V
C. 4900 Ω
C. 13.9 V
D. 5100 Ω
Answer: Option C D. 7.45 V

Explanation:
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
In a resistance strain gauge, G = 2, stress =

1050 kg/cm2, R = 1000 Ω. The value of ΔR will
be A full wave rectifier type meter is used to
A. 2Ω measure the wave shape shown in figure. The
voltmeter is calibrated to read rms value of
sine wave. The reading of voltmeter will be
B. 3 Ω
C. 4 Ω
A.
D. 1 Ω
Answer: Option D B.
Explanation:
C. 100 V
D. 111 V
Answer: Option D

127
Peak value of sine wave = 100 x 1.11 = 111 Since heating ∝ I2, scale is cramped.
V.
A moving coil instrument has a resistance of Which of the following is true about an impulse voltage?
0.5 Ω and a full scale deflection of 0.1 A. To
A. It is a unidirectional voltage
convert it into an ammeter of 0-10 A the shunt
resistance should be
A. 0.004 Ω B. Chopped impulse flashover does not occur
B. 0.005 Ω C. Time taken to rise is equal to time taken to fall
C. 0.05 Ω D. RMS value is always less than 50% of average value
Answer: Option A
D. 0.1 Ω Which of the following are needed both for protection and mete
A. Wattmeters
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
B. Instrument transformers
C. Energy meters
Potentiometer method of dc voltage measurement isD.more accurate

Power factorthan direct measurement
meters
using a voltmeter because
A. it loads the circuit to maximum extent Answer: Option B
A digital frequency counter can be converted to DVM by
addition of a suitable
B. it loads the circuit moderately
A. voltage controlled oscillator
C. it does not load the circuit at all

B. D/A converter
D. it uses centre zero galvanometer instead of Voltmeters

C. power amplifier
Answer: Option C
Assertion (A): A hot wire ammeter has a cramped scale.
D. operational amplifier
Reason (R): The heat is proportional to square of current.
Answer: Option B
A. Both A and R are true and R is correct explanation of A
A dynamometer wattmeter is connected in ac circuit.
The reading
B. Both A and R are true but R is not correct explanation of A will be
A. V-A product
C. A is true R is false
B. average power
D. A is false R is true
C. peak power
Answer: Option A

128
D. instantaneous power D. When the two wattmeter read equal and opposite, p.f. is

The speed transducer using a drag cup rotor has the In a thermocouple temperature transducer, the output voltage
main advantage of by
A. very high accuracy A. high resistance ammeter
B. low energy requirement B. high resistance voltmeter
C. cheap construction C. high resistance milli-voltmeter
D. all of the above D. none of the above
Answer: Option B Answer: Option C
A voltmeter using thermocouples measures A moving iron instrument gives correct reading when used at
A. rms value A. low frequencies
B. peak value B. high frequencies
C. average value C. only one frequency
D. peak to peak value D. all frequencies upto a certain value

Which of the following measurements using a dc potentiometer
. do not require
standardisation of potentiometer?
A. Measurement of unknown voltage In two wattmeter method of 3 phase power measurement,
when does one wattmeter read negative
A. when power factor is less than 0.5 lagging
B. Measurement of resistance
B. when power factor is greater than 0.5 lagging

C. Measurement of unknown current
C. when power factor is less than 0.5

D. Calibration of voltmeter
Answer: Option B D. when power factor is unity

Which of the following statement is correct for two wattmeters method of power
measurement in 3 phase circuit? Answer: Option C
A. Power can be measured by this method only for star A dynamometer wattmeter is connected in ac circuit
connected loads
The measured power is
A. rms power
B. When two wattmeters have equal readings power factor is 0.5.
B. average power
C. When power factor is 1, one of the wattmeters readings is zero

129
The D'Arsonval- movement can be converted into audio freque

C. peak power
adding a
A. thermocouple
D. instantaneous power
Answer: Option B B. transducer
It is required to measure angular position. C. chopper

Out of the transducers
1. Circular potentiometer D. rectifier
2. LVDT
Answer: Option D
3. E pick up The resistance of a 125 Ω strain gauge changes by 1 ohm for
4. Synchro The gauge factor is
The proper devices are A. 1.5
A. 1, 2, 3, 4
B. 2
B. 2 and 3
C. 2.5
C. 1, 2, 4
D. 3
D. 1 and 4 Answer: Option B

Explanation:
Answer: Option D
Kelvin's double bridge is used to measure low resistances because
A. it has high sensitivity
B. there is no thermoelectric emf
An accelerometer has a seismic mass of 0.05 kg and spring co

C. resistance variation due to temperature 105 N/m. If maximum displacement of mass is ± 1 mm,
the maximum acceleration which can be measured is
D. effect of contact and lead resistances is eliminatedA. 30 m/s2
Answer: Option D
B. 60 m/s2
Assertion (A): Shunt of an ammeter has a low resistance.
Reason (R): Shunt may be connected in series or in parallel with ammeter.
A. Both A and R are true and R is correct explanationC.of A90 m/s
2
D. 120
B. Both A and R are true but R is not correct explanation of A m/s
2
Answer: Option B
C. A is true R is false Explanation:
0.05 x a = 3 x 103 x 10-3 or a = 60 m/s2.
Answer: Option C If an inductance L is connected in one arm of bridge and

130
resistance R1, R2, R3 in other three arms

A. pressure transducer
A. the bridge cannot be balanced
B. displacement transducer
B. the bridge can be balanced
C. velocity transducer
the bridge is balanced for some specified value of
C.
frequency D. acceleration transducer
Answer: Option B
the bridge is balanced for some specific values ofAR0-200
1,
V voltmeter has an accuracy of 0.75% of full scale
D.
R 2, R 3 reading. If voltage measured is 100 V, the error is
A. 3%
Answer: Option A
B. 2%
A moving iron voltmeter reads 250 V when connected to 250 V dc. If connected to
250 V 50 Hz, the voltmeter reading is likely to be C. 1.5%
A. 250 V
D. .75%
B. 252 V
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
C. 248 V
D. 210 V
Answer: Option C
A single element strain gauge bridge has two fixed resistances R1 and R1 of 120 Ω
each and a variable resistance which gives full
deflection at 120 Ω for zero strain and 120.6 Ω
for straine e. If gauge factor is 2, strain e is In Schering bridge, the potential of detector above
earth potential is about
A. 0.0025
A. a few volts
B. 0.0035
B. 10 kV
C. 0.005
C. 1000 V
D. 0.0075
D. either (a) or (b)
Answer: Option A
Explanation: Answer: Option A
Which of the following instruments has non-linear scale?

.
1. Moving coil instrument
2. Moving iron instrument
LVDT is a 3. Electrostatic instrument

131
4. Rectifier instrument
Select the answer as per following codes
A. 2 only Which of these has a magnetic brake?

A. Thermocouple ammeter
B. 2 and 3 only
B. Energy meter
C. 2, 3 and 1
C. Dynamometer wattmeter
D. 1, 2, 3 and 4
D. Frequency meter
Answer: Option B
The power input and output in a device are 3650 W and 3385 WOption
Answer: with each
B
reading in doubt by ± 10 W. The percentage uncertainty in losses
Two numbers is are 131 ± 5 and 629 ± 3. The sum of the
A. ± 7.55% numbers with range of doubt is
A. 760 ± 8
B. ± 3.77%
B. 760 ± 2
C. ± 11.32%
C. 760 + 8
D. ± 15.09%
D. 760 - 8
Answer: Option A
Losses = 3650 - 3385 = 265 W Explanation:
uncertainty = ± 20 W. The numbers can be 131 + 5, 131 - 5, 629 - 3. Therefore,

the sum can be 760 ± 8.
. Assertion (A): Schering bridge is a low voltage bridge.

Reason (R): Schering bridge is very commonly used for
A meter coil has a resistance of 100 Ω and a full scale deflection current of 10 mA.
measurement of capacitance.
To convert it into a voltmeter of 0-200 V range, the series resistance should be
Both A and R are true and R is correct explanation
A. 20 kΩ A.
of A
B. 19.9 kΩ
Both A and R are true but R is not correct
B.
C. 1.9 kΩ explanation of A
D. 20.1 kΩ C. A is true R is false
Answer: Option B
Explanation: D. A is false R is true
Answer: Option D

132
Assertion (A): Wien bridge can be used for

C. Energy meter
measuring frequency.
Reason (R): A frequency meter for 50 Hz system
has a frequency range of 40 to 60 Hz. D. Both (b) and (c)
Both A and R are true and R is correct
A. Answer: Option D
explanation of A Magnetic field intensity has the dimensions
A. IL
B. Both A and R are true but R is not correct explanation of A
B. I2L
C. IL-1
D. IL-2
Answer: Option C
Answer: Option C
Magnetic field intensity = MMF/length = IL-1.
Which of these has poor overload capacity?
A. PMMC instrument
In figure, the position of voltmeter and
ammeter are exchanged. It may result in
B. Hot wire instrument damage to
C. Dynamometer instrument
D. Both (a) and (c)
Answer: Option B
A. both the instruments
. In 3 phase power measurement by
two wattmeter method, both
wattmeters had equal reading. The B. ammeter
power factor of load is
A. 1 C. voltmeter
B. 0.5 lagging D. neither of two
Answer: Option B
C. 0.5 leading
D. 0
The volt ratio box is basically a
Answer: Option A A. potential divider
Which instrument is based on induction principle?
A. Dynamometer wattmeter B. current transformer
B. Induction wattmeter C. a high resistance voltmeter

133
1. open Kb
D. either (a) or (c)
2. close Kg
3. close Kb
Answer: Option A
4. open Kg
The correct sequence of operations is
A sinusoidal ac voltage of amplitude 100 V is
applied to a rectifying device which offers 10 A. 1, 2, 3, 4
Ω resistance in forward direction and infinite
resistance in backward direction. A moving B. 3, 1, 2, 4
coil ammeter is also connected in the circuit.
The reading of ammeter will be
C. 4, 3, 2, 1
A. 10 A
D. 3, 2, 4, 1
B. 5 A
Answer: Option D
C. 3.185 A
Two voltmeters 0-250 V each having
resistances of 5 kΩ and 10 kΩ respectively
D. 14.14 A
and are connected in series. To ensure that
neither of them goes beyond scale the total
Answer: Option C
voltage which can be applied should be less
Explanation:
than
Moving coil instrument indicates average A. 500 V
value
B. 400 V
C. 375 V
A variable reluctance tachometer has 180
teeth on rotor. The speed of shaft on which it
D. 250 V
is mounted in 1200 rpm. The frequency of
output pulses is
Answer: Option C
A. 1800 per second Explanation:
B. 3600 per second

or V = 375 V
C. 4800 per second
A 24 mm long conductor has a resistance

D. 5600 per second of 128 Ω. The change in resistance is 13.3
Ω and change in length is 1.6 mm under
Answer: Option B tension. The gauge factor is
Explanation:
A. 1.2
B. 1.6
Consider the following operation in respect of
Wheatstone bridge (Kb, denotes battery key, C. 2.1
Kg denotes galvanometer key)

134
D. 2.6 C. 1.414 A
Answer: Option B
D. 1.61 A
Explanation:
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
Measuring of unknown voltage with a dc

potentiometer loses its advantage of open
Consider the following Statements regarding resistance str
circuit measurement when
A. primary circuit battery is changed 1. The gauge factor is in the range of 2 to 5.
2. The resistance changes due to change in specific resistan
standardisation is done to compensate 3. The resistance increases with increase in temperature.
B.
for drift Of the above statements, which are correct?
voltage is larger than range of A. 1, 2, 3

C.
potentiometer
B. 1 and 2
range reduction by factor of 10 is
D.
employed
C. 2 and 3
Answer: Option D
D. 1 and 3
In a digital measuring device the input
electrical signal is in the frequency range of dc Answer: Option D
to ac (50) Hz. It must be sampled at a rate of PCM employing 4 bit code is used to send data having freq
A. f times/sec minimum required bandwidth of carrier channel is
A. 2 kHz
B. 0.5 f times/sec
B. 4 kHz
C. 0.25 f times/sec
C. 8 kHz
D. 2 f times/sec
Answer: Option D D. 16 kHz
Answer: Option B
A meter has a square law scale. For 2 A
current the deflection in 90°. For a A sinusoidal ac voltage of amplitude 100 V is applied to
deflection of 45°, the current is a rectifying device which offers 10 Ω resistance in forward
direction and infinite resistance in reverse direction.
A. 1A The reading on hot wire ammeter will be
A. 10 A
B. 1.5 A

135
B. 5 A D. 3600
Answer: Option B
C. 3.185 A
When measuring phase angle between two waves
using a CRO, the time base generator is connected to
D. 1.414 A
A. X plate
Answer: Option B
Explanation: B. Y plate
Hot wire ammeter indicates rms value
C. both X and Y plate
. D. neither X nor Y plates
Answer: Option
When a capacitor is connected to the terminals of an ohmmeter, D indicated a low
the pointer
resistance initially and finally come to infinity position. This shows that capacitor is
A. short circuited
It is required that a strain gauge has gauge factor of 100.
The proper strain gauge is
B. all right A. constantan strain gauge
C. faulty B. nichrome strain gauge
D. open circuited C. semiconductor strain gauge

Answer: Option B
D. alloyshould
If eddy current damping is to be used, the disc of instrument strain gauge
be
A. non-conducting and non-magnetic
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
B. conducting and magnetic
Only semiconductor strain gauge can have a gauge factor
C. conducting and non-magnetic of 100. For all other strain gauges, gauge factor is about
2 only.
D. non-conducting and magnetic
An induction wattmeter can be used for
Answer: Option C
A. dc only
With a variable reluctance tachometer having 60 rotor teeth the count reads 3600 counts per minute.
The speed in RPM is B. 50 Hz ac only
A. 36
C. both ac and dc
B. 60
D. high frequency ac only
C. 360
Answer: Option B
If the current in a capacitor leads the voltage by 80°,
the loss angle of capacitor is

136
A. 80° A. IA = IB = 7.5 A
B. 10° B. IA = 5 A, IB = 10 A
C. 100° C. IA = 10 A, IB = 5 A
D. 170° D. IA = 9 A, IB = 6 A
Answer: Option B Answer: Option B

Loss angle δ = 90 - 80 = 10°. Currents divide in inverse proportion of resistances.
The current in a circuit is measured using a 150 : 1 CT If the ammeter reads 0.6 A, the circuit current
is
A. 250 A
Which of the following is not correct?
B. 90 A Voltmeter should have a very high
A.
resistance
C. 156 A
An ammeter should have a very low
B.
resistance
D. 144 A
Answer: Option B A shunt should have a very low

C.
Explanation: resistance
150 x 0.6 = 90 A.
An electronic voltmeter draws
D.
appreciable current from source
A Hall effect transducer has KH = - 1 x 10-8. If B = 1 Wb/m2, I = 3 A and bismuth slab is 2 mm wide,
the Hall voltage is Answer: Option D
A. -7.5 x 10 V -6
The loss of charge method can be used to

B. -15 x 10 -6 measure
A. resistance of shunt
C. -20 x 10-4 V
B. insulation resistance of cable
D. -22.5 x 10 V -4
C. resistance of shunt winding

Answer: Option B
Explanation:
D. both (b) and (c)
Answer: Option B
Assertion (A): Maxwell bridge is for
Two ammeters A and B both 0-10 A have internal measuring inductance of medium magnitude.
resistance of 1 Ω and 0.5 Ω respectively. They are
connected in parallel. If total current is 15 A, then

137
Reason (R): In Maxwell's bridge the unknown

inductance is measured by comparing it with a
capacitance.
Both A and R are true and R is correct A capacitance transducer can be used to measure
A.
explanation of A
A. thickness of sheet
Both A and R are true but R is not

B. B. displacement
correct explanation of A
C. level of fluids
D. all of the above

Answer: Option D
Answer: Option C
Assertion (A): A semiconductor strain gauge
is more accurate than a resistance strain
gauge. The dynamometer principle can be used for
Reason (R): The gauge factor of a
semiconductor strain gauge is about 100 A. ammeter only
where as the gauge factor of a resistance
strain gauge is only about 2. B. voltmeter only
A.
explanation of A C. wattmeter only
Both A and R are true but R is not D. ammeter, voltmeter and wattmeter
B.
Answer: Option D
Assertion (A): In hot wire instrument the
material of hot wire in generally platinum
D. A is false R is true iridium.
Reason (R): A hot wire ammeter is suitable
Answer: Option A for ac only
A.
10. The resistance of a dc galvanometer is 20 Ω. A current of 10 mA causes
explanation of A full scale deflection. To
convert it into 0-300 V voltmeter, we have to use a series resistance of
A. 30000 Ω Both A and R are true but R is not
B.
B. 29980 Ω
C. 6000 Ω
D. 15 Ω
Answer: Option C
The scale of hot wire ammeter is
Answer: Option B
Explanation: A. linear

138
Answer: Option C
B. non-linear
Which one of the following effects is used in
measuring power?
C. cramped
A. Seeback
D. absolute linear
B. Ferrari
Answer: Option B
Explanation: C. Induction
Since deflecting torque ∞ I2, scale is non-
linear D. Hall
A moving coil meter has a shunt of 0.02 Ω
resistance. If coil resistance is 1000 Ω and a
Answer: Option C
potential difference of 500 mV is required
across it to cause full scale deflection, the
current through shunt is The effect of lead resistance is important in
A. 2.5 A measurement of
A. resistance of shunt
B. 25 A
B. resistance of shunt winding
C. 0.25 A
C. resistance of ammeter
D. 0.025 A
D. both (a) and (c)
Answer: Option B
Explanation: Answer: Option D
A high resistance was measured by loss of
charge method. The voltmeter resistance was
. 1010 ohms. The calculation gave the value of
unknown resistance as 0.8 x 109 ohms. The
true value of resistance is
Consider the following features of an
instrument A. 0.8 x 109 Ω
I. suitable for both ac and dc
B. less than 0.8 x 109 Ω
II. free from hysteresis and eddy current errors
III. No waveform and frequency errors C. more than 0.8 x 109 Ω
IV. it is essentially a voltmeter
This instrument is D. either (b) or (c)
A. moving iron Answer: Option C

Explanation:
B. moving coil Let unknown resistance be R.
C. electrostatic
D. dynamometer Evidently R is more than 0.8 x 109 ohm.

139
A resistance wire strain gauge has gauge Answer: Option A

factor 2. If stress is 100 mega newton/m2 and Explanation:
Young's modulus is 200 giga newton/ m2, the
percentage change in gauge resistance due to
stress is
A. 0.1
B. 0.2
In figure, Za = 100∠50°, Zb = 300∠-90° and
C. 0.4 Zc = 200∠0°. For balanced condition, Zd will be
D. 0.5
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
A. 600∠ - 40°
Insertion of a dielectric material between the
plates of an air capacitor B. 600∠140°
A. increases the capacitance
C. 600∠ - 140°
B. decreases capacitance
D. 150∠140°
C. has no effect an capacitance
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
D. increases breakdown voltage
Answer: Option A
Explanation: .
In household energy meters the flux of series magnet is in

shunt magnet lags the voltage by 88°. The reading of ener
Two ammeters A and B are connected in
parallel in a circuit carrying 100 A. Their A. will be correct
resistances are 0.8 mΩ. Their readings will
be. B. will have a negative error
A. 55.56 and 44.44 A respectively
C. will have a positive error
B. 44.44 A and 55.56 A respectively
D. may have positive or negative error
C. 60 A and 40 A respectively
Answer: Option B
Assertion (A): A universal RLC bridge has a battery and also
D. 40 A and 60 A respectively
Reason (R): RLC bridge uses a Wienbridge arrangement for m

140
A. Both A and R are true and R is correct explanationC.of Abecomes four times
B. Both A and R are true but R is not correct explanation

D. remains
of A the same
C. A is true R is false Answer: Option B

Explanation:
D. A is false R is true B ∝ H.
. In a moving iron voltmeter the coil has a resistance of
Answer: Option C 20 Ω and an inductance of 0.3 H. The swamping
resistance in 2000 Ω. To ensure correct reading with
dc as well as 50 Hz ac, the value of capacitor to be
The power factor of a single phase load can be calculated if instruments available are
connected in parallel with swamping resistance
A. one voltmeter, one ammeter should be
A. 0.0125 μF
B. two ammeters
B. 0.0311 μF
C. two voltmeters
C. 0.0521 μF
one voltmeter, one ammeter and one
D.
wattmeter D. 0.0622 μF

Explanation:
A variable reluctance type tachometer has 150 teeth on rotor. The counter records 13500 pulse/sec.
The rotational speed is C = 0.41 L/R2
or C = (0.41 x 0.3)/(2000)2 = 0.0311 x 10-6 F.
A. 4800 RPM Two resistances R1 = 18.7 Ω. and R2 = 3.624 Ω
in series. The total resistance to the appropriate
B. 5400 RPM
number of significant figures is
C. 6000 RPM
A. 22.324 Ω
D. 7200 RPM
B. 22.32 Ω
Answer: Option B
Explanation: C. 22.3 Ω
D. 22 Ω
.
Answer: Option C
The current through the coil of an electromagnet is doubled. The magnetic field around the coil
The input impedance of CRO is about
A. is halved
A. zero
B. is doubled
B. 10 Ω

141
C. 100 Ω C. ± 5%
D. one mega ohm D. ± 10%

Which of the following is not correct in respect of electrostatic
Explanation: instrument?
A. It is essentially a voltmeter Error in voltmeter can be ± 2.5 V which for 100 V reading
is ± 2.5 % . Error in ammeter can be ± 0.05 A which for
B. It is suitable for only high voltages
2 A reading is ± 2.5 %. Hence total error can be ± 5%
C. It has a uniform scale
It is required to study transients during switching process.
Which CRO should be preferred?
D. It can be used for both ac and dc
A. Ordinary CRO
Answer: Option C
The wave applied to X plates, for ohtaining trace of voltage
B. wave, is
Dual beam CRO
A. sawtooth wave
C. Dual trace CRO
B. sinusoidal wave
D. Storage oscilloscope
C. rectangular wave
Answer: Option D
Assertion (A): In loss of charge method, it is
preferable to use an electronic voltmeter.
Answer: Option A Reason (R): The resistance of electronic voltmeter is
The response of a thermistor overs the whole of its temperatures range is
very high.
A. linear Both A and R are true and R is correct explanation
A.
of A
B. non-linear
Both A and R are true but R is not correct

C. almost linear B.
explanation of A
Answer: Option B
A resistance is measured by voltmeter-ammeter method.
The voltmeter is 0-250V, ± 1% accuracy and ammeter is D. A is false R is true
0-5 A, ± 1 % accuracy. The readings of voltmeter and
ammeter are 100 V and 2 A respectively. The error in Answer: Option A
the measured resistance can be
If the secondary winding of CT is opened when primary co
A. ± 1%
A. transformer will burn immediately
B. ± 2%
B. there will be weak flux density in core

142
C. there will be very high induced voltage in secondary

A. 1000 Ω
D. there will be high current in secondary B. 1 Ω
Answer: Option C C. 0.01 Ω

The percentage limiting error in an instrument
reading 8.3 V and having guaranteed D. 0.001 Ω
accuracy of 1% of the full scale reading and
range of 0-150 V is Answer: Option D
A. 1.81% Explanation:
Resistance of shunt
B. 0.181%
C. 18.1% .
D. 0.0018% A rectifier voltmeter using bridge rectifier and PMMC

meter is calibrated to read rms value of sine wave.
Answer: Option C A triangular wave is applied to it and it reads 6.82 V.
Explanation: The rms value of triangular wave is
Error = 1% of 150 = 1.5 V, A. about 6.82 V
. B. about 7.1 V
. Assertion (A): Thermocouple instruments can be used for ac only.

C. about 6.5 V
Reason (R): Thermocouple instrument has a non linear scale.
A. Both A and R are true and R is correct explanation of A
D. about 10 V
B. Both A and R are true but R is not correct explanation of A B

Answer: Option
Explanation:
D. A is false R is true Peak value of triangular wave is twice average value = 2 x 6.14
wave is peak value divided by 3 .
Answer: Option D
Explanation:
Thermocouple Instrument can be used for both ac Therefore,
and reading .
dc.
A meter has a resistance of 1 Ω and full scale A radiation thermometer is suitable for
temperatures
deflection current of 1 mA. To convert into an ammeter
A. below 500°C
of 1 A range, the shunt resistance should be
B. below 100°C

143
C. above 500°C 3. Induction instrument

4. Moving coil instrument
D. above 1400°C Select the correct answer as per following codes
Answer: Option D A. 2 only
Consider the following statements B. 2 and 3 only

1. Thermistor is more sensitive than platinum resistance thermometer
C. 1, 2 and 3 only
2. The resistance of thermistor is solely a function of its absolute temperature whether the source
of heat is external or internal
D. 2 and 4 only
3. Thermistor has linear temperature-resistance relationship
Answer: Option A
4. Thermistor has linear negative temperature coefficient
Of the Statements, the correct statements are If a shunt of 200 Ω resistance is used with a galvanometer
of 1000 Ω resistance, the multiplying power is
A. 1 and 2 A. 6
B. 3 and 4 B. 5
C. 1, 2, 3, 4 C. 1/5
D. 1, 2 and 4 D. 1/6
Answer: Option D Answer: Option A

A moving coil meter has 10 Ω resistance and requires Rsh40 mA for full scale deflection. The shunt
=R/m-1
resistance required to convert it into 0-2 A ammeter is
A. 0.1021 Ω A 1 mA meter is to be converted to 1 A
ammeter. The meter resistance is 100 Ω. The
B. 0.2041 Ω value of shunt resistance is
A. 0.001 Ω
C. 0.256 Ω
B. 0.1001 Ω
D. 0.4210 Ω
C. 100 Ω
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
D. 1000 Ω
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
Which of the following instruments can be used for

dc as well ac upto a few MHz?
1. Moving iron instrument
2. Thermocouple instrument

144
The use of thermocouple meters for ac

a combination of attraction and
measurement leads to a scale which is C.
repulsion type
A. linear
B. square law
Answer: Option A
C. logarithmic
A moving iron instrument can be used for
A. dc only
D. exponential
Answer: Option B B. ac only

Assertion (A): A low power factor wattmeter
has special constructional features to ensure C. both dc and ac
accurate measurement.
Reason (R): Extension of wattmeter range in
dc circuit can be easily done by using current D. dc and high frequency ac
and potential transformer.
Both A and R are true and R is correct Answer: Option C
A.
explanation of A
Two voltmeters are each 0-300 V range. Their
internal resistances are 10 kΩ and 20 kΩ
Both A and R are true but R is not They are connected is series and a voltage of
B.
correct explanation of A 400 V is applied. Their readings respectively
will be
C. A is true R is false A. 266.6 and 133.3 V
D. A is false R is true B. 133.3 and 266.6 V
Answer: Option C C. 200 V each

Magnetic deflection is inversely proportional to
A. voltage
D. 100 and 300 V
B. (voltage)0.5 Answer: Option B

Explanation:
C. (voltage)1.5 The readings will be proportional to their
internal resistance,
D. (voltage)2
.
Answer: Option B
The most commonly used moving iron A 300 V voltmeter has an accuracy of ± 2% of
instruments are full scale deflection. When the reading is 222
A. repulsion type V, the actual voltage
A. lies between 217.56 and 226.44 V
B. attraction type
B. lies between 217.4 and 226.6 V

145
C. lies between 216 and 228 V B. low
D. is exact 222 V C. high
Answer: Option C D. almost zero

Explanation:
Error = ± 6 V. Therefore, the actual value Answer: Option C
would be between 222 ± 6 V.
What would be the reading of voltmeter as
shown in below figure. The voltmeter has a 0-
In a thermocouple two metal junctions between metals M1 and
1 V scale M2isare
and kept atΩ/V meter
a 20000
temperature T1 and T2. The thermocouple emf is produced because
A. M1, M2 are similar and T1, T2 are equal
B. M1, M2 are similar but T1, T2 are unequal
C. M1, M2 are dissimilar but T1, T2 are equal
D. M1, M2 are dissimilar but T1, T2 are unequal A. 0.4545 V
Answer: Option D
B. 0.082 V
The current through a resistance R is shown in figure. The computed value of power is
C. 0.82 V
D. 4.54 V
A. 400 ± 0.42 W
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
B. 400 ± 4.6 W
Effective resistance of circuit
C. 400 ± 8.85 W
D. 400 ± 10.65 W
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
% error in current is 2% and % error in resistance is 0.2%.
A temperature sensistive transducer is
Since P = I2R, % error in power = 2 x 2% + 0.2% = 4.2%.
subjected to sudden temperature change. It
takes 10 seconds for transducer to reach
The resistance in the circuit of the moving coil of a
equilibrium condition (five times time
dynamometer wattmeter should be
constant). The time taken to reach half of
A. very low temperature difference will be
A. 1.38 s

146
B. 5 s A. 1, 2 and 3
C. 8.62 s B. 1, 2 and 4
D. 0.9 s C. 1 and 2
Answer: Option A
D. 2, 3 and 4
The current passing through a resistance of
Answer: Option C
100 ± 0.2% Ω is 2 ± 0.5% A. The limiting error
in computation of power will be
A. ± 0.7% n a CRO, the frequency of output of time base
generator
B. ± 0.9% A. is only one constant value
C. ± 1.2% B. is adjustable
D. ± 0.3% C. varies automatically
Answer: Option C D. either (a) or (c)
If the secondary burden of a CT 15 VA and Answer: Option B

secondary current is 5 A, the load impedance
of CT is
If A = 131 ± 4 and B = 106 ± 4, the
A. 0.6 Ω
percentage range of doubt in A - B is
A. 4%
B. 5 Ω
B. 8%
C. 6 Ω
C. 16%
D. 10 Ω
Answer: Option A D. 32%

Explanation:
Answer: Option D
Explanation:
. (A - B) = 25 ± 8. Therefore, % range of
doubt .
Consider the following instruments
1. Tangent galvanometer
Two resistance R1 and R2 are connected in
2. Rayleigh current balance series R1 = 528 ± 5 Ω and R2 = 325 ± 3Ω. The
total resistance will be
3. Household energy meter
A. 853 ± 2 Ω
4. Hot wire ammeter
Out of above absolute instruments are

147
Answer: Option B
B. 853 ± 5 Ω
C. 853 ± 3 Ω A sinusoidal signal is measured by CRO. The

scale is set at 4 mV/cm. If vertical distance
between positive and negative peaks is 6 cm,
D. 853 ± 8 Ω the peak value of ac signal is
A. 6 mV
Answer: Option D
B. 12 mV
23. The function of shunt in an ammeter is to
A. by pass the current
C. 24 mV
B. increase sensitivity of meter

D. 3 mV
C. increase resistance of meter Answer: Option B

Explanation:
D. all of the above
, Peak to peak
Answer: Option A value will be 24 mV.
Which of the following does not use the

principle of change in inductance? To avoid creep in an energy meter
A. LVDT two shading bands are put on shunt
A.
magnet
B. Inductance displacement transducer
two shading bands are put on series
B.
magnet
C. Strain gauge
two holes are cut in the disc on

D. Reluctance pick up C.
opposite sides of spindle
Answer: Option C
the potential coil is made of very thin
D.
wire
It is necessary to measure the amplitudes
of two signals and also the phase Answer: Option C
difference between them. This can be
done by using a
A. phase meter Four voltmeters have following specifications.
If accuracy is main consideration which is the
B. waveform meter best?
A. 100 V, 2 mA
C. vector voltmeter
B. 100 V, 100 mA
D. digital voltmeter

148
Two ammeters having resistances of 0.5 Ω

C. 100 V, 1 mA
and 0.25 Ω and having full scale reading of 25
A each are connected in parallel. To ensure
D. 100 V, 0.1 mA that neither of them goes beyond scale, the
total current should not be more than
Answer: Option D A. 50 A
B. 37.5 A
A wire strain gauge has a gauge factor of 2,
resistance of 125 Ω and length 1 m. If length
of wire changes by .005 m, change in C. 25 A
resistance will be
A. 0.25 Ω D. 40 A
Answer: Option B
B. 0.5 Ω Explanation:
C. 1.25 Ω
or V = 37.5 V.
D. 2.5 Ω
Answer: Option C
Explanation: A polyphase wattmeter basically consists of
two wattmeters. The moving system of two
wattmeters
A. are common
B. are separate
The deflection of a DArsonval galvanometer is
measured through a mirror and scale. The
mirror is 1 m away from the light source. The C. are generally common
mirror is mounted on, the moving system. If
mirror rotates through 0.2 rad the D. are generally separate
displacement on the scale is
A. 0.2 m Answer: Option A
B. 0.4 m The dead zone in a pyrometer is 0.125% of

span. The calibration is 400°C to 1000°C.
C. 0.1 m What temperature change might occur
before it is detected.
D. 0.05 m A. 0.125°C
Answer: Option B B. 0.75°C

Explanation:
Diplacement = (1) (2θ) = 0.4 m. C. 0.4°C

149
D. 1°C B. 5050 Ω
Answer: Option B
C. 4950 Ω
Explanation:
Span = D. 505 Ω
600°, Answer: Option C

. Explanation:
.
The dimensions of force are
R=V/I –R
A. MLT-2
In measuring a resistance by voltmeter-

B. ML-1T-2 ammeter method, the voltmeter can be
connected either across supply or across
C. MLT-1 the resistance. If the resistance is low, the
voltmeters should be connected
D. ML2T-2 A. across the supply
Answer: Option A B. across the resistance
An amplifier has to amplify pulses of 1 H-s C. either in two positions

duration. The minimum bandwidth of amplifier
must be
D. preferably across the supply
A. 10 kHz
Answer: Option B
B. 10 MHz
Which of the following methods can be
C. 1 kHz used to measure power in a single phase
circuit without using wattmeter?
D. 1 MHz 1. One voltmeter, one ammeter
2. Two voltmeters, two ammeter
Answer: Option D
Explanation: 3. Three voltmeters
Time period of 1 μs corresponds to frequency 4. Three ammeters
of 1 MHz.
A. 1 and 2 only
A moving coil meter has a resistance of 50 B. 2 and 4 only

ohms and a full scale deflection current of 20
mA. To convert it into a voltmeter of 0-100 V C. 1 and 3 only
range, the series resistance should be
A. 5000 Ω D. 3 and 4 only

150
Answer: Option D
B. 200 kΩ
C. 100 kΩ
For measurement of surface temperature of
solids the elements of RTD is usually in the
shape of D. 50 kΩ
A. bar
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
B. coil
200 x 1 kΩ.
C. flat grid
In electronic voltmeters the measuring
D. either (a) or (b) device is a
A. moving coil instrument
Answer: Option C
B. moving iron instrument
As per BIS, the number of accuracy classes of
instrument is
C. dynamometer instrument
A. 5
B. 6
Answer: Option A
C. 7
D. 8 An ammeter has a resistance of 50 ohms and

a shunt of 0.01 Ω. The deflection is θ. If the
Answer: Option D shunt resistance is increased to 0.02 Ω, the
deflection will be.
A. θ
In most of instruments, the controlling torque
is provided by
A. fluid fraction B. 2θ
B. spring C. 0.5θ
C. eddy current D. 0.25θ
Answer: Option B
D. either (a) or (c) Explanation:
Answer: Option C Since shunt resistance is doubled, current

through ammeter is doubled (current division
for resistances in parallel). Therefore reading
A 0-200 V voltmeter has a sensitivity of 1 kΩ is 2 θ.
per volt. The resistance of voltmeter is
A. 1 kΩ

151
D. both (a) and (c)

Assertion (A): If the resistance of shunt of an
ammeter is increased, the range of ammeter
Answer: Option C
is reduced.
Reason (R): If the series resistance of a
voltmeter is increased, the range of voltmeter Three phase four wire induction energy meter
is increased. is used to measure
Both A and R are true and R is correct A. energy in 3 phase balanced star load
A.
explanation of A
B. energy in 3 phase balanced delta load
B.
C. energy in 3 phase unbalanced load
D. A is false R is true Answer: Option C
Answer: Option B
Thermistors are made of
A. pure metals
Two sinusoidal signals of equal amplitude and
frequency are applied to X and Y plate of B. pure insulators
CRO respectively. The observed Lissajous
pattern is a straight line. The phase shift
between signals is C. tintered mixture of metallic oxides
A. zero
D. pure semiconductors
B. 90° Answer: Option C
C. either zero or 180°

To measure a resistance of about 8 ohms we
should use
D. either 90° or 270° A. Kelvin's double bridge
Answer: Option C
B. Wheatstone bridge
The scale of a dynamometer is linear when C. Meggar

used as
A. ammeter D. Either (b) or (c)
Answer: Option B
B. voltmeter
For measuring temperatures below 800°C

C. wattmeter
with high accuracy, the best instrument is
A. optical pyrometer

152
B. thermistor based thermometer C. 111 Ω ± 5.55 Ω
C. GaAs junction diode thermometer D. 111 Ω ± 1.95 Ω
D. platinum resistance thermometer Answer: Option C
Answer: Option D
During testing of an energy meter, the energy
Assertion (A): Many instruments use eddy recorded by meter was 0.05 kWh and correct
current damping. energy was found to be 0.09 kWh. The error
Reason (R): Eddy currents set up a magnetic and correction respectively are
flux which opposes the original movement
which generates them. A. -0.01 kWh and 0.01 kWh

A. B. 0.01 kWh and -0.01 kWh
explanation of A
Both A and R are true but R is not C. -0.01 kWh and ± 0.01 kWh
B.
D. ± 0.01 kWh and 0.01 kWh
Answer: Option A
An instrument of accuracy class 1 can have
Answer: Option A an error equal to
A. + 1% of reading
The torque in induction wattmeters due to B. ± 1% of reading

A. capacitive current
C. ± 1% of full scale deflection
B. electrostatic effect
D. + 1% of full scale deflection
C. hall effect
Answer: Option C
D. eddy currents
Assertion (A): The scale a PMMC
Answer: Option D ammeter is linear.
Reason (R): The deflecting torque of
PMMC is proportional to current in the
Two resistances are : R1 = 36 Ω ± 1.89 Ω and coil.
R2 = 75 Ω ± 3.75 Ω. The sum R1 + R2 along
with limiting error is Both A and R are true and R is
A.
A. 111 Ω ± 1.8 Ω
B. 111 Ω ± 3.75 Ω B.

153
C. A is true R is false C. reducing temperature error
D. A is false R is true D. all of the above
Answer: Option A Answer: Option B
Assertion (A): Double Kelvin's bridge is used

Assertion (A): Moving iron instrument can be to measure low resistances.
used on ac or dc. Reason (R): In low resistance, the contact
Reason (R): In a moving iron instrument and lead resistances are very important.
deflecting torque is proportional to square of Both A and R are true and R is correct
current. A.
explanation of A
A.
explanation of A
B.
B.
D. A is false R is true Answer: Option A
Answer: Option A
Shaft encoder is used to measure
A. angular position
A land line telemetry system is suitable for
distance upto B. linear position
A. about 1 km only
C. linear velocity
B. about 10 km only
D. linear acceleration
C. about 100 km only
Answer: Option A
D. any of the above

. Assertion (A): Hay's bridge in particularly
Answer: Option A suitable for measuring inductance having
a comparatively low resistance.
Reason (R): In Hay's bridge the value of
Use of high permeability core in moving iron frequency supply must be known.
instrument helps in Both A and R are true and R is
A.
A. reducing size of meter correct explanation of A
B. increasing sensitivity Both A and R are true but R is not

B.

154
The two pressure coils in a single phase

power factor meter of turns
the same dimension and the same
D. A is false R is true A.
numbers of turns
Answer: Option B
the same dimension but different
B.
number of turns
The device having highest photo sensitivity is
A. photoconductive cell different dimension and different
C.
numbers of turns
B. photovoltaic cell
different dimension but the same
D.
C. photodiode numbers of turns
Answer: Option A
D. phototransistor
Answer: Option A Piezoelectric effect can be used to measure

A. force
Which of the following closely represents the
resistance-temperature characteristics of B. strain
thermistor?
A. RT = a R0 eb/t C. acceleration
B. RT = a R0 E-b/t D. all of the above
C. RT = - a R0 e-b/t Answer: Option D

current of 3.18 A is flowing through resistance
of 35.68 Ω. The voltage drop across
D. RT = - R0 eb/t resistance to the appropriate number of
significant figures is
Answer: Option A
A. 113.4624 V
For use at 50 Hz the range of scale of

B. 113.462 V
vibrating reed frequency meter is
A. 25 - 75 Hz
C. 113.46 V
B. 40 - 60 Hz
D. 113 V
C. 47 - 53 Hz Answer: Option D
D. 42 - 58 Hz
A current of 3.25 A is flowing through a
Answer: Option C resistance of 34.98 Ω. The voltage drop
across resistance to the appropriate number
of significant figures is

155
A. 113.685 V A. directly by dc potentiometer
B. 113.68 V by dc potentiometer in conjunction with

B.
a volt ratio box
C. 113.6 V
a dc potentiometer in conjunction with a
C.
known resistance
D. 114 V
Answer: Option D D. both (b) and (c)
Answer: Option B
To measure a resistance by a dc
potentiometer
it is necessary to standardise the De Sauty bridge is very widely used due to
A.
potentiometer A. simplicity
it is not necessary to standardise B. perfect balance for imperfect capacitor

B.
the potentiometer
C. perfect balance for air capacitors
it is necessary to use a volt ratio
C.
box
D. maximum sensitivity
D. none of the above Answer: Option A
Answer: Option B
A Weston synchronoscope is a
A. moving coils instrument
In dc tacho generators used for measurement
of speed of shaft, frequent calibration is B. moving iron instrument
necessary because
A. contacts wear off C. dynamometer instrument
strength of permanent magnet D. induction instrument

B.
decreases with age
Answer: Option C
armature current produces heating
C.
effect
In a dynamometer 3 phase power factor
D. there is back emf meter, the planes of the two moving coils are
at
Answer: Option B A. 60°
B. 0°
A voltage of about 200 V dc can be measured

156
C. 120° A. known inductance and resistance
D. 90° B. known inductance
Answer: Option C C. known capacitance and resistance
A generated voltage is equally dependent on D. known capacitance

three resistances R1, R2, R3 and its value is V
= (R1R2)/R3. If tolerance of each resistor is Answer: Option C
0.1%, the maximum error in voltage is
A. 0.3%
In a Ballistic galvanometer
B. ± 0.3%
inertia is small and damping is also
A.
small
C. 0.1%
B. inertia is large and damping is critical
D. ± 0.1%
C. inertia is large and damping is small
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
D. both inertia and damping are large
The tolerances are additive
Answer: Option C
Assertion (A): A thermocouple transducer is Which instrument needs creep compensation?

based on Seeback effect. A. Dynamometer wattmeter
Reason (R): In a thermocouple transducer
used for temperature measurement, the cold
junction is usually kept in ice bath. B. Induction wattmeter
A. C. Energy meter
explanation of A
Both A and R are true but R is not D. Both (b) and (c)
B.
Answer: Option C
D. A is false R is true When deflecting torque and braking torque in

an energy meter are zero,
Answer: Option B A. the disc rotates at steady speed
B. the disc is stationary

In an Anderson bridge the unknown
inductance is measured in terms of C. the disc accelerates

157
D. the disc retards two electron guns with one two pole
D.
switch
Answer: Option A
Answer: Option C
The sensitivity of a voltmeter using 0-5 mA

meter movement is For measuring mutual inductance we can use
A. 50 Ω/V A. Anderson bridge
B. 100 Ω/V B. Maxwell's bridge
C. 200 Ω/V C. Heaviside bridge
D. 500 Ω/V D. Either (a) or (b)

Explanation:
The Y plates of a CRO are excited by a
. voltage 2 sin 100 t and the X plates are not
connected. The display would be
A. a vertical line
Two meters X and Y require 40 mA and
50 mA for full scale deflection. Then B. a horizontal line
A. X is more sensitive
C. sine wave
B. Y is more sensitive
D. slant line
C. both are equally sensitive
Answer: Option A
it is not possible to determine from
D.
given data
Heating effect of current is used in
Answer: Option D A. ammeters
A dual trace CRO has B. voltmeters

A. one electron gun
C. both ammeters and voltmeters
B. two electron guns
D. wattmeters
one electron gun with one two pole
C. Answer: Option C
switch
Magnetic effect of current is used in

158
A. ammeters C. recording instrument
B. voltmeters D. integrating instrument
C. wattmeters Answer: Option A
ammeters, voltmeters, wattmeters and It is required to measure temperature in the

D. range of 1300-1520°C. The most suitable
energy meters
thermocouple is
Answer: Option D A. chromel constantan
B. iron constantan
Which of these instruments is dynamometers
type? C. chromel aluminium
A. Wattmeter
D. platinum-rhodium
B. Power factor meter
Answer: Option D
C. Frequency meter
D. Both (a) and (b) Which of these instruments has highest power
consumption?
Answer: Option D A. Dynamometer
B. Electrostatic
The instrument used to check insulation of
household wiring is
C. Moving coil
A. megger
D. Hot wire
B. ohmmeter
Answer: Option D
C. multimeter
If A = 629 ± 8 and B = 131 ± 3, A - B with
D. high resistance voltmeter range of doubt is
A. 498 ± 8
Answer: Option A
B. 498 ± 4
An ammeter is C. 498 ± 11
A. secondary instrument
D. 498 ± 13
B. absolute instrument
Answer: Option C

159
Assertion (A): If the reading of an

instrument is low, the error is large. In a semiconductor strain gauge, the ohmic
Reason (R): The error of an instrument is electrical contacts are generally made of
certain percentage of its full scale A. copper wire
deflection.
Both A and R are true and R is
A. B. gold wire
C. aluminium wire
B.
D. nickel wire
Answer: Option B
. To measure dielectric loss you would use
Answer: Option A A. Anderson bridge
B. Kelvin bridge
A vibration galvanometer is a
A. moving coil instrument C. Schering bridge
B. moving iron instrument D. Maxwell's bridge
C. dynamometer instrument Answer: Option C
D. induction instrument
Minute cracks in metals and minute faults in
Answer: Option A welded joints can be detected using
A. IR rays
A power factor meter has B. UV rays

A. one current and one pressure circuit
C.  rays
one current circuit and two pressure
B.
circuits D. X-ray/γ-rays
two current circuits and two pressure Answer: Option D

C.
circuits
two current circuits and one pressure In a hot wire instrument, the deflection is
D. proportional to
circuit
A. peak value of ac current
Answer: Option B

160
Answer: Option D
B. average value of ac current
C. rms value of ac current

Assertion (A): A ballistic galvanometer is
used to measure charge.
D. either (a) or (b) Reason (R): In a flux meter, the damping is
large.
Answer: Option A
A.
explanation of A
23. A permanent magnet moving coil meter
can be used as Both A and R are true but R is not
B.
A. ac only correct explanation of A
B. dc only C. A is true R is false
C. both ac and dc D. A is false R is true
Answer: Option B
D. low frequency ac and dc
Answer: Option D Assertion (A): A transducer needs an output

measuring or display device for measuring a
non electrical quantity.
Reason (R): In some transducers the output
Which of the following draws minimum power voltage is too small and needs amplification
from source? before it can be measured.
A. PMMC Both A and R are true and R is correct
A.
explanation of A
B. Electronic voltmeter
B.
C. Electrostatic voltmeter correct explanation of A
D. Moving iron voltmeter C. A is true R is false
Answer: Option B D. A is false R is true
If temperature increases by about 50°, the Answer: Option B

resistance of thermistor changes to
A. half of its initial value
Acoustic strain gauges
B. twice of its initial value A. have good linearity of measurement
C. eight times of its initial value B. do not have long term stability
D. one eight of its initial value C. have a large range of measurement

161
have an accuracy range of 0.1-1% A. 100 V

D.
depending on environment
B. 200 V
Answer: Option D
C. 1000 V
Without a spectrum analyser, it is not possible
to determine
D. 5000 V
A. carrier frequency
Answer: Option A
B. antenna pattern
For measurement of high voltage
C. pulse width capacitors the suitable bridge is
A. Wien bridge
D. spurious signal strength and its location
B. modified De Sauty bridge
Answer: Option A
C. Schering bridge
A phase shifting transformer is used in
conjunction with
A. DC slide wire potentiometer
Answer: Option C
B. Crompton potentiometer
To avoid the effect of stray magnetic fields
in ac bridge we can use
C. AC coordinate potentiometer
A. magnetic screening
D. Drysdale potentiometer
B. Wagner earthing device
Answer: Option D
C. wave filter
In a megger the controlling torque is provided
by D. transformer
A. spring
Answer: Option A
B. gravity A resistance strain gauge is usually
A. wire grid type
C. coil
B. foil type
D. eddy current
Answer: Option C C. any of these
A 3-digit voltmeter having a resolution of 100 D. none of these

mV can be used to measure a maximum of
Answer: Option C

162
a large metal plate buried in

If n measurements of a quantity are D. ground connected to one
made, the arithmetic mean is corner of bridge
A.
Answer: Option B
. A digital voltmeter has a 4 1/2 digit
display. The 1 V range can measure
B. voltage up to
[A]. 0.9999 V
[B]. 1.9999 V
C.
[C]. 0.199 V
D. none of the above [D]. 9.999 V

Answer: Option C
Answer: Option B
Consider the following statements as
Assertion (A): Secondary instruments regards induction and dynamometer
require calibration at frequent intervals. wattmeters
Reason (R): Secondary instruments have
many errors. 1. Dynamometer wattmeters can be
used for dc only.
A.
correct explanation of A 2. Induction wattmeter has higher torque
and dynamometer wattmeter.
Both A and R are true but R is not 3. Induction wattmeter is less accurate,
B.
correct explanation of A has more power consumption and
more weight than dynamometer
C. A is true R is false wattmeter.
Which of the above statements are
correct?
A. 1 only
Answer: Option A
In ac bridge measurements, 'Wagner B. 1 and 2 only

ground' means
a special RC connection to C. 2 and 3 only
A. eliminate stray magnetic
effects D. 1 and 3 only
a special RC connection to Answer: Option C

B. eliminate stray capacitance
effects
For a current transformer, the standard
secondary rating is
an unwanted and unintended
C. A. 1 A or 5 A
ground connection

163
B. 2.5 A C. thickness of rotor teeth
C. 10 A D. number of teeth
D. 5 A or 10 A Answer: Option D
Answer: Option A
The increase in intensity of trace in a CRO
Assertion (A): When frequencies of causes a change in
signals fed to X and Y plates of CRO are
multiples of each other, Lissajous pattern A. beam current
is displayed on screen.
Reason (R): In a CRO, the vertical B. frequency of time base
deflection is proportional to voltage
applied to Y plates.
C. gain of Y amplifier
A.
D. accelerating voltage
Both A and R are true but R is not Answer: Option A

B.
. A diode peak reading VTVM and

thermocouple meter are connected across
output of an amplitude modulated circuit.
D. A is false R is true In the absence of modulation both meters
read 10 V. When sinusoidal AM is
Answer: Option B applied, VTVM reads 15V The reading of
thermocouple meter will be
In portable instruments, damping is A. 10 V

provided by
A. spring B. 12.5 V
B. gravity C. 14.1 V
C. eddy current D. 15 V
Answer: Option A
Answer: Option A The accuracy of measurement using CRO is

about
The sensitivity of electromagnetic digital flow A. ± 0.5%

meter can be increased by increasing
A. circumferential width of rotor teeth B. ± 0.05 %
B. radial depth of rotor teeth C. ± 1%

164
D. ± 3% Both A and R are true but R is not

B.
Answer: Option D
The channel required for FM telemetry is D. A is false R is true

A. same as required for AM telemetry
Answer: Option A
smaller than that required by AM
B.
telemetry A digital voltmeter can count from 0 to 9999. If
full scale reading is 9.999 V, the resolution of
100 times that required for AM full scale reading is
C.
telemetry A. 0.001
D. 10 times that required for AM telemetry B. 1000
Answer: Option C C. 2 digit
D. 1 mV
Assertion (A): Absolute instruments are used
in standard laboratories.
Reason (R): Absolute instruments do not
require calibration. The most serious problems in ac bridge
Both A and R are true and R is correct measurement is
A.
explanation of A A. eddy currents
Both A and R are true but R is not B. leakage current

B.
C. residual magnetism
D. stray fields
Answer: Option D
Answer: Option B
Assertion (A): A 3 phase wattmeter consists Assertion (A): An electrostatic voltmeter is

of two wattmeters mounted in one case. free from hysteresis and eddy current errors.
Reason (R): Power measurement in a 3 Reason (R): An electrostatic voltmeter has a
phase circuit can be conveniently done by two number of fixed and moving vanes in parallel.
wattmeter method.
Both A and R are true and R is correct A.
A. explanation of A
explanation of A
B.

165
D. A is false R is true The time base generator in a CRO gives an

output which is
Answer: Option B A. low frequency sinusoidal
B. high frequency sinusoidal

The pointer of an indicating instrument should
be
C. low frequency rectangular
A. very light
D. high frequency sawtooth
B. very heavy
Answer: Option D
C. neither heavy nor light
The standard deviation σ in terms
D. heavy of n observations having deviations from
mean dm can be written as
Answer: Option A
A.
The resistance of resistance strain gauge is

about B.
A. 5Ω
B. 50 Ω C.
C. 120 Ω
D.
D. 0.5 Ω
An average responding rectifier type

Which bridge can be used to measure electronic voltmeter has its scale
frequency? calibrated in terms of rms value of sine
A. Maxwell wave. If 100 V peak value square wave is
fed to this voltmeter, the reading will be
B. Kelvin A. 111 V
C. Schering B. 100 V
D. Wein C. 90.9 V
Answer: Option D

166
D. 70.7 V compensate for resistance of strain

A.
gauge
Answer: Option A
B. compensate for change in temperature
In low power factor wattmeter, the
compensating coil is connected compensate for error due to change in
C.
A. in series with current coil voltage of battery
B. in parallel with current coil D. compensate for error in voltmeter
Answer: Option B
C. in series with pressure coil
D. in parallel with pressure coil

In an ac single phase energy meter, the
potential coil is put on
Answer: Option C
A. both side limbs, of upper magnet
A permanent magnet moving coil measures B. central limb of upper magnet

A. true rms value
C. one side limb of upper magnet
B. dc value
C. peak value Answer: Option B
D. rms plus dc value

The chemical effect of current is used in
Answer: Option B A. dc ampere hour meter
A CT is used to feed current coils of B. dc ammeter

wattmeter, energy meter, power factor meter
and an ammeter. Then C. ac energy meter
A. all the coils are in series
D. all of the above
B. all coils are in parallel
Answer: Option A
C. the coils are in series-parallel
In a single phase power factor meter the
D. either (a) or (b) phase difference between currents in the
two pressure coils is
Answer: Option A A. exactly 0°
B. approximate 0°
In measurements using strain gauge, the
dummy strain gauge is used to

167
C. exactly 90° C. neither too long nor too short
D. approximate 90° D. very thin
The difference between measured value

In an ac coordinate potentiometer, the and true value is called
currents inphase and quadrature
A. gross error
potentiometer are adjusted to be
A. out of phase by 90°
B. relative error
B. in phase
C. probable error
C. out of phase by 45°

D. absolute error
D. out of phase 180° Answer: Option D
Answer: Option A
In air friction damping
Both X and Y plates of a CRO are excited by the air pressure opposes the motion of
ac signals. The display is an ellipse which A.
piston when it is moving inwards
makes one rotation in 5 seconds. This means
that
the air pressure opposes the motion of
the frequency of one input is 5 times B.
A. piston when it is moving outwards
that of other
the air pressure opposes the motion of

the difference between the frequencies
B. C. piston both when it is moving inwards
of the two signals is one fifth of hertz
as well as outwards
the difference between the frequencies

C. the air pressure may oppose or aid the
of the two signals is 5 Hz
D. motion of piston depending on the
design
Answer: Option C
Answer: Option B
In order to achieve accuracy, the slide For measuring a very high resistance we
wire of a potentiometer should be should use
A. as long as possible A. Kelvin's double bridge
B. as short as possible B. Wheatstone bridge

168
C. Meggar D. 1000
Answer: Option C
D. Either (a) or (c)
Answer: Option C Which of the following instruments is used

almost exclusively to measure radio frequency
currents?
Assertion (A): Damping in a vibration
galvanometer is small. A. Moving coil
Reason (R): Vibration galvanometer is a
PMMC instrument. B. Rectifier
A.
explanation of A
C. Moving iron

B. D. Thermocouple
Answer: Option D
The coil of a DArsonval galvanometer has N

D. A is false R is true turns. If flux density is B, current is I and area
of coil is A, the deflecting torque is
Answer: Option B
A. NBI/A
. In a platinum RTD, the change in B. NBIA

resistance for a temperature rise of 50° C
is about
C. NIA/B
A. 2%
D. N2IAB
B. 10%
Answer: Option B
C. 20% Consider the following statements regarding
electromagnetic flowmeter
D. 40% 1. AC excitation is used to avoid polarisation of
fluid.
Answer: Option C
2. The meter calibration is changed as viscosity
of fluid changes.
The gauge factor of a semiconductor strain 3. Stainless steel pipes can be used for
gauge is about measuring the flow of liquid of high
conductivity.
A. 2 Of the above statements
B. 10 A. 1, 2, 3 are correct
C. 100 B. 1 and 2 are correct

169
Which one of the following is true?

C. 2 and 3 are correct
Alternating voltage and current contain
A.
odd and even harmonics
D. 1 and 3 are correct
Answer: Option D The inductance in a circuit reduces the

effect of harmonics and makes current
B.
wave more sinusoidal than voltage
wave
In a CRO, the time base signal is applied to
A. X plates Alternating voltage and current
C. waveforms, in general, do not contain
B. Y plates odd harmonics
C. either X or Y plates Inductance of a circuit does not alter

D.
wave shape at all
D. alternately X and Y plates Answer: Option B
Answer: Option A
Pirani gauge is used to measure
Which of these instrument does not have a A. very low pressure
control spring?
A. Moving iron ammeter B. high pressure
B. PMMC ammeter C. pressure in the range of 1 atmosphere
C. Electrostatic voltmeters D. fluid flow
Answer: Option A
D. Power factor meter
Answer: Option D
Assertion (A): CRT is the most important
component of a CRO.
Reason (R): When an electron beam strikes
In Weston frequency meter, the magnetic the screen of CRT, a spot of light is produced.
axes of the two fixed coils are
A. parallel A.
explanation of A
B. perpendicular Both A and R are true but R is not

B.
C. inclined at 60°
D. inclined at 15°
Answer: Option B
Answer: Option B

170
Radiation pyrometer is used to measure

temperature in the range of
Four capacitors are in parallel. Their
values are 36.3 μF, 3.85 μF, 34.002 μF A. -200 to 500° C
and 850 μF with an uncertainty of digit in
the last place. The total capacitance in B. 0 to 500° C
significant figures is
A. 75.0 μF C. 500 to 1200° C
B. 75.0 ± 0.1 μF D. 1200 to 2500° C
C. 75.1 ± 0.1 μF Answer: Option D
D. 75.002 ± 0.1 μF The electromagnets of an induction wattmeter

A. are laminated
Answer: Option B
B. are not laminated

If M is mutual inductance between fixed
and moving coils and θ is deflection of
dynamometer instrument, then C. may be laminated
A. D. must not be laminated
Answer: Option A
B. θ ∝ M
C. In a vibrating reed frequency meter the natural

frequency of two adjacent reeds have a
difference of
D. θ ∝ M2 A. 0.25 Hz
Answer: Option A B. 0.5 Hz
The switch board instruments C. 1.25 Hz

A. should be mounted in vertical position
D. 1 Hz
should be mounted in horizontal
B. Answer: Option B
position
C. should be mounted at about 45°

Assertion (A): CRO can be used to study
waveshape accurately.
D. should be mounted at about 80° Reason (R): Input impedance of a CRO is
very high.
Answer: Option A

171
Both A and R are true and R is correct A. laboratories

A.
explanation of A
B. industries
B.
C. power houses
D. standard laboratories
D. A is false R is true Answer: Option D
Answer: Option A
Burden of an instrument transformer is
expressed in
A. A
LVDT is used to measure
A. displacement
B. V-A
B. pressure
C. Ω
C. temperature
D. watt
D. any of the above Answer: Option B
Answer: Option A
Which of the following devices should be used
for accurate measurement of a low dc
voltage?
Assertion (A): Thermistors are commonly A. Small range moving coil voltmeter
used to measure hot spot temperatures in
electric machines.
Reason (R): Thermistor has the advantages B. Dc potentiometer
of high temperature coefficient, small size and
high speed of response.
C. Small range thermocouple voltmeter
A.
explanation of A
D. Hot wire instrument
Both A and R are true but R is not Answer: Option B

B.
C. A is true R is false If σ is standard deviation, variation is

A. σ-1
Answer: Option A B. σ1.5
C. σ2
Absolute instruments are used in

172
D. σ3
In semiconductor strain gauge
Answer: Option C A. resistance increases with strain
B. resistance decreases with strain

An electrodynamometer instrument has the
advantage of resistance increases with strain in p
C.
freedom from hysteresis and eddy type and decreases with strain in n type
A. currents because air cored coils are
used resistance increases with strain in n
D.
type and decreases with strain in p type
freedom from hysteresis and eddy
B. currents because cores of coils have Answer: Option C
special ferromagnetic material
Four terminal approach is used in
C. high torque/weight ratio measuring low resistance because it
A. eliminates thermoelectric energy
D. low cost
B. eliminates stray capacitance
Answer: Option A
C. eliminates stray inductance

The dimensions of permittivity are
A. L-3M-1T2Q2 eliminates the effect of leads and
D.
contacts
B. L-1M-1T2Q2
Answer: Option D
C. L2MT-1Q-1
D. L-2M-1T2Q2 In Weston synchronoscope the fixed coils are

connected across
Answer: Option A A. bus bars
A Q meter uses the principle of B. incoming alternator

A. variation of self inductance
C. lamp
B. variation of mutual inductance
C. series resonance Answer: Option B

. Which of the following is not a transducer
in true sense?
Answer: Option C
A. Thermocouple

173
B. Piezo electric D. either (a) or (c)
Answer: Option B
C. Photo electric cell
D. LCD The sensitivity of a potentiometer can be

increased by
Answer: Option D A. increasing the length of wire
. It is required to measure a low magnitude B. decreasing the length of wire

high frequency current. The proper
instrument is
C. increasing the current in the wire
A. moving iron
D. decreasing the current in the wire
B. dynamometer
Answer: Option A
C. thermocouple
An average responding voltmeter using full
D. induction wave rectifier has been calibrated to read 1 V
for 1 V rms sinusoidal input. For 1 V peak to
Answer: Option C peak square wave input, the meter reading
will be
Bridge circuits using RTD in temperature A.

measurement usually employ 3 lead
system so as to obtain
B. zero V
A. higher sensitivity
B. better impedance matching C.
compensation for signal wire

C. D. 2 V
resistance
Answer: Option A
D. reduction in power consumption
Answer: Option C
For critical damping, the resistance in
D'Arsonval galvanometer circuit should be
The stator of phase shifting transformer for equal to
use in conjunction with an ac potentiometer
has a A.
A. single phase winding
B. two phase winding B.
C. 3 phase winding

174
B. 1, 2, 3
C.
C. 1, 3, 4
D.
D. 1, 2, 4
Answer: Option A Answer: Option B
In figure, the reading of wattmeter will be In low power factor wattmeter, the pressure
proportional coil is connected
A. to the supply side of current coil
B. to the load side of current coil
C. in either (a) or (b)
D. across the mains

A. V I cos θ
Answer: Option B
B. sqrt3 VI cos θ
The signal to noise ratio in telemetry should
C. sqrt3 VI sin θ be better than
A. 5 db
D. V I sin θ
B. 10 db
Answer: Option C
C. 25 db
Consider the following statements about

D. 60 db
mutual inductances:
1. The value should remain constant under all Answer: Option D
conditions.
2. The mutual inductance should not vary with
temperature. Figure shows the equivalent circuit of resistor.
The resistor is non-inductive when
3. The inductance should be independent of
excitation.
4. They have two coils wound on a bobbin of
hard magnetic material, coils being separated
by a range.
Out of the above, correct statement are
A. R = L/C
A. 2, 3, 4

175
B. LR = L/C
Magnetic flux can be measured by
C. L = CR 2
A. capacitive pick up
D. C = LR2 B. inductive pick up
Answer: Option C
C. resistive pick up
Assertion (A): Electrodynamic instrument is D. hall effect pick up

not used as ammeter or voltmeter.
Reason (R): Electrodynamic instrument is
Answer: Option D
more costly than PMMC and moving iron
instrument.
A. The damping ratio, in D'Arsonval
explanation of A
galvanometer is equal to
Both A and R are true but R is not A.

B.
C. A is true R is false B.
C.
Answer: Option A
Consider the following statements D.

regarding electro-dynamometer type
indicating instrument
It can be used for measuring Answer: Option B
1. Direct current
2. Alternating current
Panel type instruments are used in
3. Direct voltage A. power stations
4. Alternating voltage
Of these statements B. automobiles
A. 1 and 2 are corect

C. industries
B. 3 and 4 are correct

D. all of the above
C. 1 and 3 are correct Answer: Option D
D. 1, 2, 3, 4 are correct
Which of the following can be used for
Answer: Option D measuring capacitance?

176
A. De sauty bridge B. total active power and power factor
B. Maxwell's bridge C. total active power and reactive power
C. Anderson bridge total active power, power factor,

D.
apparent power, and reactive power
D. Hay's bridge
Answer: Option D
Answer: Option A
The multiplier resistance and meter coil in a

35. Assertion (A): In a CRT, grid is kept at
voltmeter are in
negative potential with respect to cathode.
Reason (R): The function of grid in an A. series
electronic tube is to control the number of
electrons. B. parallel
A.
C. series-parallel

B. D. either (a) or (b)
Answer: Option A
D. A is false R is true The adjustment of position of shading bands,

in an energy meter, is done to provide
Answer: Option A
A. friction compensation
B. creep compensation
For measuring current at a high frequency we
should use
C. braking torque
A. moving iron instrument

B. electrostatic instrument
Answer: Option A
C. thermocouple instrument
. The numbers of accelerating anodes in a

D. moving coil instrument CRO is
Answer: Option C A. 1
B. 2
Two wattmeter method of 3-phase power
measurement can be used to find
C. 3
A. total active power

177
D. 4 D. PDM (Pulse duration modulation)
Consider the following statements regarding The advantage of semiconductor strain gauge
phase sensitive detector over resistance strain gauge is
1. The detector reads zero when phases of input A. it is more sensitve
signal and reference signal are different.
2. The detector acts as a linear rectifier. B. it is more linear
3. The detector can be used as vector voltmeter.

Of the above statements which are correct? C. it is less temperature dependent
A. 1, 2, 3 D. it is cheaper
B. 1 and 2 Answer: Option A
C. 2 and 3 The advantage of LVDT over inductive

bridge type transducer is that
D. 1 and 3 it gives high output for small

A.
changes in core position
Answer: Option C
it can be used over a temperature
B.
range of - 265°C to 600°C
In a Weston synchronoscope, the moving coil
is connected across
it can measure displacement of
A. bus bar C.
moving object
B. incoming alternator
the error due to stray magnetic field
D.
is less
C. lamp
Answer: Option A
D. fixed coils
Answer: Option A In a Weston synchronoscope the deflecting

torque is zero when
The coding system generally used in digital currents in fixed and moving coils are in
A.
telemetry is phase
A. PPM (Pulse position modulation)
currents in fixed and moving coils are
B.
out of phase by 90°
B. PAM (Pulse amplitude modulation)
currents in fixed and moving coils are

C. PCM (Pulse code modulation) C.
out of phase by 60°

178
D. none of the above Both A and R are true but R is not

B.
Answer: Option B
Assertion (A): Megger is used to check
insulation resistance of cables. D. A is false R is true
Reason (R): Insulation resistance of
cables is very high. Answer: Option A
A.
The output of a Piezoelectric crystal has
A. low amplitude and low impedance
B.
B. high amplitude and low impedance
C. low amplitude and high impedance
D. high amplitude and high impedance
Answer: Option A
Answer: Option C
Assertion (A): A power factor meter operates
on dynamometer principle. 2. The pressure coil of a wattmeter should
Reason (R): A power factor meter does not be connected to the supply side of the
have a control spring. current coil when
Both A and R are true and R is correct A. load impedance in high
A.
explanation of A
B. load impedance is low
B.
C. voltage is high
D. voltage is low
D. A is false R is true Answer: Option A
Answer: Option B
A universal RLC bridge uses
Maxwell bridge for measurement of
Assertion (A): A radiation pyrometer is very
A. inductance and De Sauty's bridge for
suitable for high temperature measurement.
measurement of capacitance
Reason (R): When temperature is high, a
physical contact between hot body and
thermometer is not desirable. Maxwell's bridge for measurement of
Both A and R are true and R is correct B. inductance and modified De Sauty
A. bridge for measurement of capacitance
explanation of A

179
Maxwell Wien bridge for measurement C. 6 V

C. of inductance and modified De Sauty
bridge for measurement of inductance
D. 1 V
Maxwell Wien bridge for measurement Answer: Option A

D. of inductance and Wien bridge for
measurement of capacitance
An ohmmeter is a
Answer: Option C A. moving coil instrument

If φsh is flux of shunt magnet, φse is flux of
series magnet, ish is eddy current due to φse,
the torque in an induction wattmeter is
proportional to
A. φse ise + φsh ish D. induction instrument
Answer: Option A
B. φsh ise - φse ish
C. φsh ish - φse ise Loading effect is primarily caused by

instruments having
D. φsh ish + φse ise A. high resistance
Answer: Option B
B. high sensitivity
C. low sensitivity
If C is spring constant and θ is deflection,
controlling torque is
A. Cθ D. high range
Answer: Option C
B. C/θ
Capacitive transducer is superior to inductive

C. θ/C type for measurement of capacitance because
of
D. C2θ A. absence of non-linearity
Answer: Option A
B. high frequency response
The operating voltage of a megger is about

C. small size
A. 100 V
D. high accuracy
B. 12 V
Answer: Option B

180
A. Photoelectric
Which of the following effects is used in
measurement of magnetic flux?
B. Photovoltaic
A. Hall effect
C. Photoconductive
B. Seeback effect
D. Photoemissive
C. Piezo electric effect
Answer: Option B
D. Photoelectric effect
Answer: Option A Which is the displacement transducer with

excellent sensitivity, linearity and resolution?
A. Incremental encoder
Assertion (A): The sign and magnitude of
displacement can be measured by an LVDT.
Reason (R): LVDT is based on the principle B. Absolute encoder
of mutual inductance.
Both A and R are true and R is correct C. LVDT
A.
explanation of A
D. Strain gauge
B.
correct explanation of A Answer: Option C
C. A is true R is false The accuracy of a multimeter is about

A. ± 0.5%
Answer: Option B B. ± 3%
C. ± 0.01%
Magnetic deflection sensitivity is defined as
A. deflection/flux density D. ± 10%
Answer: Option B
B. (deflection/flux density)0.5
C. (Deflection)0.5/flux density In a current transformers

the number of turns in primary and
D. none of the above A.
secondary windings are nearly equal
Answer: Option A
the number of primary turns is very
B. small as compared to number of
secondary turns.
Which of the following is active transducer?

181
the number of secondary turns is very Both A and R are true and R is
A.
C. small as compared to the number of correct explanation of A
primary turns
B.
D. either (a) or (c). correct explanation of A
Answer: Option B C. A is true R is false
The time base of a high frequency CRO D. A is false R is true

whose screen diameter is 10 cm is set at 10 μ
sec/cm. The lowest frequency which can be Answer: Option A
fully displayed on the screen is
A. more than 100 kHz
. Assertion (A): Energy meters use
induction principle.
B. equal to 100 kHz Reason (R): Induction wattmeter is less
accurate than a dynamometer wattmeter.
C. equal to 10 kHz Both A and R are true and R is
A.
D. less than 10 kHz
B.
Answer: Option C correct explanation of A
Gauge factor of a strain gauge is C. A is true R is false

unit change in resistance per unit
A. D. A is false R is true
change in length
Answer: Option B
change in resistance per unit change in
B.
length
A dynamometer wattmeter can be used for

unit change in length per unit change in
C.
resistance A. dc only
D. none of the above B. ac only
Answer: Option A C. dc and 50 Hz ac
Assertion (A): Capacitance effect can be D. dc and high frequency ac

used to measure thickness of sheets,
displacement and pressure. Answer: Option C
Reason (R): Capacitance between two
plates depends on the area of plates,
distance between plates and permittivity If low pressure of 10-6 mm of Hg is
of medium. required to be measured, we should use
A. compound pressure gauge

182
B. thermocouple vacuum gauge D. either (a) or (b)
Answer: Option B
C. Pirani gauge
D. ionization type vacuum gauge RTD is generally suitable for temperature up

to
Answer: Option C A. about 800°C
A transducer must have B. about 1500°C

A. good dynamic response
C. about 200°C
B. good sensitivity
D. about 50°C
C. good resolution
Answer: Option A
D. all of the above
Answer: Option D To measure moisture in wood, the most

suitable method is
A. electric conduction
If two time varying signals of equal magnitude
and zero phase displacement are applied to X B. electrical-capacitive
and Y plates respectively; of CRO, the display
will be C. absorption of radiation
A. a straight line
D. equilibrium-moisture Vs humidity
B. a circle
Answer: Option A
C. an ellipse
An E transformer is a
D. a square A. displacement transducer
Answer: Option A
B. velocity transducer
Wagner earthing device is used to

C. acceleration transducer
eliminate error due to
A. electromagnetic coupling
D. pressure transducer
B. electrostatic coupling Answer: Option A
both electrostatic and

C.
electromagnetic coupling In which of the following instruments is the

183
deflecting torque proportional to where L Load cell uses

is inductance of coil and Q is deflection A. piezoelectric crystal
A. PMMC
B. capacitor
B. electrostatic
C. mutual inductance
C. moving iron
D. strain gauge
D. both (a) and (b)
Answer: Option D
Answer: Option C
Assertion (A): A dc potentiometer measures

It is required to measure pressure using the true open circuit emf of a source.
LVDT. The additional device needed is Reason (R): At balance point, a dc
potentiometer does not draw any current from
A. strain gauge the source.
B. pitot tube A.
explanation of A
C. bourden tube Both A and R are true but R is not

B.
D. rotameter
Answer: Option C
. Which of the following quantities have
same dimension in emu and esu? Answer: Option A
1. Current
2. Electrical power
Which of the following transformers has low
3. Electrical energy primary current?
Select the answer as per following codes A. Current transformer
A. 1 only
B. Potential transformer
B. 1 and 2
C. Distribution transformer
C. 2 and 3
D. Both (a) and (b)
D. 1 and 3 Answer: Option B
Answer: Option C
The phenomenon of creep occurs in

184
A. energy meters
The accuracy of an instrument is determined
B. voltmeters by
closeness of indicated value to the
A.
C. ammeters actual value
D. wattmeters B. repeatability of measured value
Answer: Option A speed with which the reading

C.
approaches final value
A D' Arsonval galvanometer is a
D. least value which can be measured
Answer: Option A
C. dynamometer instrument If σ standard deviation, probable error

A. σ
B. ± 1.19 σ
Answer: Option A
C. ± 0.6745 σ
Schering bridge is used to measure
A. capacitance and dielectric loss
D. ± 0.4125 σ
B. inductance Answer: Option C
C. resistance Assertion (A): In two wattmeter method of 3

phase power measurement, one of the
D. mutual inductance wattmeters would read negative if power
factor of load is less than 0.5.
Reason (R): In two wattmeter method of 3
Answer: Option A
phase power measurement, both the
wattmeters would show equal readings if
power factor of load is unity.
In a CRO the Y plates are oriented Both A and R are true and R is correct
A.
A. horizontally explanation of A
B. vertically Both A and R are true but R is not

B.
C. at an angle of 20° of horizontal
D. at an angle of 70° of horizontal
Answer: Option A

185
Answer: Option B
A direct current can be measured D. A is false R is true

A. directly by dc potentiometer
Answer: Option B
by dc potentiometer in conjunction with
B.
a standard resistance
Assertion (A): The trigger circuit of a CRO is
excited by the same signal as Y plates.
by dc potentiometer in conjunction with
C. Reason (R): The time base generator
volt ratio box
develops a saw tooth voltage.
D. none of the above A.
explanation of A
Answer: Option B
B.
Consider the following galvanometers
1. D'Arsonval C. A is true R is false
2. Ballistic
3. Vibration
Which of these are permanent magnet moving
Answer: Option B
coil instruments?
A. 1 and 2 only data signal having frequency components

from dc to 50 Hz is to be sent through pulse
code modulation using an 8 digit code. The
B. 1, 2 and 3
minimum carrier channel bandwidth is
A. 1 kHz
C. 2 and 3 only
B. 2 kHz
D. 1 and 3 only
Answer: Option B C. 4 kHz
Assertion (A): Hall effect is observed in all D. 8 kHz

metals but is very appreciable in
semiconductors. Answer: Option C
Reason (R): Hall effect transducer is very
suitable for measurement of magnetic flux
If Eb is the potential of accelerating anode,
density.
the energy of electrons as they emerge
Both A and R are true and R is correct from electron gun is proportional to
A.
explanation of A
A. Eb

B. B. Eb

186
C. Eb1.5 from the same source as the unknown

C.
voltage
D. Eb2
Answer: Option B
Answer: Option C
A moving iron instrument has

A linear displacement digital transducer
two iron vanes, one fixed and one
A. generally uses
movable
A. straight binary code
B. two movable iron vanes
B. BCD
two aluminium vanes, one fixed and
C.
one movable C. gray code
two vanes, one fixed made of D. hexadecimal code

D. Aluminium and the other movable
made of iron Answer: Option C
Answer: Option A
Two wattmeter method for 3 phase power
measurement can be used only for
The temperature coefficient of resistance for a
A. balanced loads
thermistor is
A. low and negative
B. unbalanced loads
B. low and positive

C. both balanced and unbalanced loads
C. high and negative

D. star connected loads
D. high and positive Answer: Option C
Answer: Option C
A coil resonates at 1 MHz with a
resonating capacitance of 72 pF. At 500
To measure an unknown ac voltage by an ac pF, resonance is obtained with a
potentiometer it is desirable that supply for the resonating capacitor of 360 pF. The self
potentiometer is taken capacitance of coil is
A. from a battery A. 12 pF
from a source which is not the same as B. 24 pF

B.
unknown voltage
C. 30 pF

187
. Assertion (A): The speed of a shaft can

D. 72 pF
be measured by using a dc tacho
generator.
Answer: Option B
Reason (R): A two phase servometer can
also be used as a speed transducer.
A peak responding ac voltmeter using a half Both A and R are true and R is
wave rectifier has been calibrated to read 1 V A.
for 1 V rms sine wave input. If input is 1 V dc
the reading will be
A. 0.707 V B.
B. 0.707 or 0 V C. A is true R is false
C. 1.414 V D. A is false R is true
D. 1.414 or 0 V Answer: Option B
Answer: Option B
A Weston frequency meter is
For measuring inductance with high Q, we
should use
A. Maxwell's bridge
B. Maxwell Wien bridge
C. Hay's bridge
Answer: Option B
D. Either (a) or (b)
Answer: Option C
The 10 MHz in the specification of CRO
means that
A resistance strain gauge has a resistance of A. the sweep frequency is 10 MHz
about
A. 100 Ω the frequency of input signal should not
B.
be more than 10 MHz
B. 25 Ω
the vertical amplifier has been
C.
C. 10 Ω designed for 10 MHz
D. 1 Ω D. none of the above
An oscilloscope has an input impedance

consisting of 1 MΩ and 20 pF is parallel. A

188
high impedance probe connected to input of

this oscilloscope has a 10 MΩ series If d1, d2, ..., dn are n individual deviations, the
resistance. This 10 MΩ series resistance standard deviation is
A. may not be shunted
A.
B. should be shunted by 2 pF capacitor
C. should be shunted by 20 pF capacitor

B.
D. should be shunted by 200 pF capacitor
Answer: Option B
C.
Which of the following is used as detector
in audio frequency ac bridges?
A. AC voltmeter
Answer: Option A
B. CRO
C. Head phones DC voltage of the order of a few mV can be

accurately of measured by
D. Vibration galvanometer A. PMMC voltmeters
Answer: Option C
B. moving iron voltmeter
C. null balancing potentiometer

Assertion (A): The gall tinsley potentiometer
is a coordinate potentiometer and has two
exactly similar potentiometers. D. electrostatic voltmeter
Reason (R): An ac potentiometer may
measure the unknown voltage in polar form or Answer: Option C
rectangular coordinate form.
A.
explanation of A In measurements using CRO, Lissajous
patterns are used to
Both A and R are true but R is not A. measure magnitude of peak voltage
B.
B. measure frequency
C. measure impedance
Answer: Option B D. measure current
Answer: Option B

189
A. meter/V
If Ey is the voltage applied to Y plates, the B. cm/V

vertical deflection of beam is proportional to
A. Ey C. V/meter
B. Ey D. V/cm
C. Ey1.5 Answer: Option A
D. Ey2 The response of D'Arsonval galvanometer is

over damped if
Answer: Option A A. D2 > 4CJ
B. D2 > 2CJ
The method of frequency compensation in
moving iron voltmeter is
C. D2 < 4CJ
A. to use a capacitor in series with coil
D. D2 < 2CJ
to connect a capacitor in parallel with
B.
coil
Answer: Option A
to connect a capacitor in parallel with

C. The material used in RTD is
series resistance
A. linear
B. aluminium
Answer: Option C
C. silver
Wagner earthing device eliminates
A. all stray capacitance in the circuit D. platinum
Answer: Option D
stray capacitances between
B.
components
stray capacitance between detector Basically a potentiometer is a device for

C.
terminal and ground A. comparing two votage
D. mutual coupling between components B. measuring a voltage
Answer: Option C
C. comparing two currents
The deflection sensitivity of a CRO is D. measuring a current

generally expressed in

190
Answer: Option A
C. 1, 3, 2, 4
D. 1, 2, 3, 4
It is required to measure the true open circuit
emf of a battery. The best device is Answer: Option A
A. dc voltmeter
Crompton potentiometer has
B. ammeter and known resistance
14 coils and a slide wire all having
A.
the same resistance
C. dc potentiometer
14 coils and a slide wire but the
D. either (a) or (c) B. resistance of slide wire is half that
of each coil
Answer: Option C
C. 14 coils each of different resistance
If two time varying signals of equal
magnitudes and 90° phase displacement are 14 coils out of which 7 coils have
applied to X and Y plates of CRO, the display D. resistance which is twice that of
will be remaining 7 coils
A. a straight line
Answer: Option A
B. a circle
Assertion (A): For best results the system of
a D'Arsonval galvanometer should be slightly
C. an ellipse
under damped.
Reason (R): Degree of damping affects the
D. a rectangle time taken by the instrument to come to final
position.
Answer: Option B Both A and R are true and R is correct
A.
explanation of A
Measurement of non-electrical quantity Both A and R are true but R is not

involves the following subsystems B.
1. Amplifier block
2. Display block
3. Instrumentation block D. A is false R is true
4. Transducer block
The correct sequence of these blocks is Answer: Option B
A. 4, 1, 3, 2
Assertion (A): An RTD uses platinum
coil.
B. 4, 3, 1, 2 Reason (R): Platinum is a very stable
material.

191
Both A and R are true and R is B. Chromel-aluminium

A.
C. Copper-constantan
B.
D. Iron-silver
C. A is true R is false Answer: Option D
D. A is false R is true The dynamic characteristics of capacitive

transducer are similar to those of
Answer: Option A
A. LP filter
Which of the following, is not a piezoelectric B. HP filter

material?
A. Rochelle salt
C. notch filter
B. Quartz
D. band stop filter
C. Lithium sulphate Answer: Option B
D. Sodium bicarbonate
The electrical power to a megger is provided
Answer: Option D by
A. battery
Harmonic distortion analyser B. inverter

A. measures amplitude of each harmonic
C. permanent magnet dc generator
measures rms value of fundamental
B.
frequency component
D. ac generator
measures rms value of all harmonics Answer: Option C

C.
except fundamental frequency
The precision of an instrument indicates

displays rms value of each harmonic on its ability to reproduce a certain reading
D.
screen of CRO with a given
Answer: Option C A. drift
B. resolutions
Which of the following combinations is not
used in thermocouple transducer
measurement of temperature? C. shift
A. Iron-constantan

192
D. consistency
D.
Answer: Option D
Answer: Option B
An electrostatic voltmeter is suitable for
A. low voltage at high frequency
The term 'Poisson's ratio' is connected with
B. high voltage A. strain gauge
C. low voltage at low frequency B. LVDT
D. all ac and dc voltages C. Bourden tube
Answer: Option B D. capacitance transducer
The flow rate of electrically conducting liquid Answer: Option A

without any suspended particle can not be Power Electronics
measured by
A. turbine flow meter
A cycloconverter can be
B. electromagnetic flow meter A. step down
C. ultrasonic flow meter B. step up
D. thermistor based heat flow meter C. step down or step up
Answer: Option D
. If J is moment of Inertia, D is damping Answer: Option C

constant, C is spring constant, G is
displacement constant and I is current
throught the coil of DArsonval In the below figure the average load
galvanometer, the equation of motion is current is 15 A. The rms value of
transformer secondary current is
A.
B.
A. 15 A
C.
B. 10.61 A

193
C. 7.5 A B. first and second quadrants
D. 14.14 A C. first and fourth quadrants
Answer: Option B D. first and third quadrants

Explanation:
Answer: Option A
RMS secondary current = = 15/1.414
= 10.608 A. The phenomenon of overlap in converter
operation due to
A. source resistance
In a 3 phase fully controlled converter the
firing frequency is B. source inductance
A. 3 times the line frequency
both source resistance and source
C.
inductance
B. 6 times the line frequency
D. high value of firing angle

C. 9 times the line frequency
Answer: Option B
D. 12 times the line frequency
Answer: Option B
A thyristor has a maximum allowable junction
temperature of 120°C and the ambient
Two thyristor of same rating and same temperature is 40°C. If thermal resistance is
specifications 1.6° C/W, the maximum allowable internal
will have equal turn on and turn off power dissipation is
A.
periods A. 20 W
will have equal turn on but unequal turn B. 50 W

B.
off periods
C. 92 W
may have equal or unequal turn on and
C.
turn off periods
D. 128 W
will have unequal turn on and turn off Answer: Option B

D.
periods Explanation:
Answer: Option C
A semiconverter feeding an RLE load

operates in For a 12 pulse operation, the two 6 pulse units
A. first quadrant only are fed by

194
A. Y - Y and Y - Y transformers
.
B. Δ - Δ and Δ - Δ transformers
C. Y - Y and Y - Δ transformers The characteristics of a non-linear resistance

is i = kv4. If i becomes 100 times, v becomes
D. Y - Δ and Y - Δ transformers A. about 100 times
Answer: Option C
B. about 10 times
In a single phase full wave converter (M - 2

C. about 3 times
connection) feeding a highly inductive load,
the firing angle for each thyristor is a in the
respective half cycle. The period of conduction D. about twice
of each thyristor is
A. - Answer: Option C
Explanation:
v ∝ (i)1/4 ∝ (100)1/4 ≈ 3.
B. 
. In a step down chopper using pulse width

C.  +  modulation, Ton = 3 x 10-3 and Toff = 1 x 10-
3 s. The chopping frequency is
D.  - 2 A. 333.33
Answer: Option B B. 250
C. 500
An SCR is triggered at 40° in the positive half
cycle only. The average anode current is 50
A. If the firing angle is changed to 80°, the D. 1000
average anode current is likely to be
A. 50 A Answer: Option B
Explanation:
B. 25 A
.
C. less than 50 A but more than 25 A
D. less than 25 A Assertion (A): Inverters and choppers use

fast switching thyristors
Answer: Option C Reason (R): Fast switching SCR has low turn
Explanation: off time.
Both A and R are correct and R is
A.

195
Both A and R correct but R is not Both A and R are correct and R is
B. A.
correct explanation of A correct explanation of A
C. A is correct but R is wrong Both A and R correct but R is not

B.
D. A is wrong but R is correct
C. A is correct but R is wrong
Answer: Option A
The value of capacitor C for dynamic
equalising circuit of series connected Answer: Option C
thyristors is determined by
A. forward characteristics of thyristors In a single phase full wave regulator, the
firing angles in the positive and negative
reverse recovery characteristics of half cycles are generally
B.
thyristors A. equal
both forward and reverse recovery B. different

C.
characteristics of thyristors
C. equal or different
D. different but sometimes equal
Answer: Option B
Answer: Option A
A chopper
converts constant voltage dc into An electric heater is controlled by thyristors
A.
ac and then into variable voltage dc through on-off control. If  = 0.4, the heating is
A. 16% maximum
converts constant voltage dc into
B.
variable voltage dc directly B. 40% of maximum
converts ac of one frequency into C. 60% of maximum

C.
ac of another frequency
D. 84% of maximum
D. converts ac to dc
Answer: Option B
Answer: Option B
A two winding transformer is feeding a single

Assertion (A): If the duty cycle of chopper is phase half wave rectifier circuit. The load is
low the current would not become purely resistive. The rms value of transformer
discontinuous secondary current is Is and rms value of load
Reason (R): If the time constant L/R of the current in Irms. Then
load in chopper is low the current may
become discontinuous.

196
RC across each thyristor. This resistance

Is = Irms irrespective of the value of firing
A. RC (along with parallel connected diode)
angle
A. limits charging current
Is = 0.5 Irms irrespective of the value of
B. B. limits discharging current
firing angle
C. Is = Irms if firing angle is less than 30° limits both charging and discharging
C.
currents
D. Is = Irms if firing angle is more than 30°
Answer: Option A
Explanation: Answer: Option B
A single phase semiconverter is feeding a

. highly inductive load and has
freewheeling diode across the load. The
waveshapes of output voltage and output
The terminals of a power BJT are called current
A. emitter, base, collector A. are similar
B. emitter, base, drain B. are not similar
C. source, base, drain C. may be similar or dissimilar
D. source, base, collector are similar only if firing angle is

D.
zero
Answer: Option A
Answer: Option B
In single phase half wave regulator, the Current derating may be necessary when
average current over one full cycle thyristors are operating in
A. is always positive A. series
B. may be positive or negative B. parallel
C. may be negative C. series or parallel
D. is always negative D. none of the above
The dynamic equalising circuit consists of a

series combination of capacitor C and resistor If duty cycle is  and the load is a resistance
R, the rms value of output voltage is

197
A. V
A 3 kV circuit uses SCR of 800 V rating. If
derating is 25%, the number of SCRs in series
B.  V is
A. 4
C. 2V
B. 5
D.
C. 6
Answer: Option B
D. 8
For a BJT  = 0.98, then β = Answer: Option B

A. 0.02 Explanation:
B. 0.5 .
C. 4.9
In a circuit using a full wave converter (M - 2
connection) the PIV of each thyristor is 400 V.
D. 49 For the same output voltage and fully
controlled bridge converter, PIV will be
Answer: Option D A. 400 V
Explanation:
B. 800 V
C. 200 V
Assertion (A): Power transistor has lower D. 2002 V

switching time than SCR
Reason (R): Power transistor has greater Answer: Option C
switching time than SCR
A. A dc separately excited motor has constant
correct explanation of A field current. The armature is fed from a single
phase supply through a full converter.
Both A and R correct but R is not When  = 0, speed is 500 rpm. If  = 45°, the
B. speed is likely to be
A. about 350 rpm
B. about 250 rpm
C. about 175 rpm
Answer: Option D

198
D. about 125 rpm B.  < ωt <  and  < ωt < 2
Answer: Option D
Explanation:  < ωt < ( + ) and ( + ) < ωt <
C.
Average output voltage ∝ cos  and therefore 2
reduced to 0.707 of the value for  = 0. Speed
is nearly proportional to voltage. D.  < ωt <  and  < ωt < (2 - )
The terminals of a power MOSFET are called Answer: Option A

A. emitter, base, collector
Assertion (A): A transistor requires a
continuous base signal for conduction but a
B. source, gate, drain thyristor requires a gate pulse.
Reason (R): Transistor find widespread
C. source, base, drain application in power electronic circuits.
A.
D. emitter, gate, drain correct explanation of A
Answer: Option B Both A and R correct but R is not

B.
Assertion (A): The surge current which
an SCR can withstand is much higher C. A is correct but R is wrong
than rms on state current.
Reason (R): The duration of surge current
is very small. D. A is wrong but R is correct
A. Answer: Option C
In a thyristor the gate current is increased,

Both A and R correct but R is not
B. then
A. anode current will increase

B. anode current will decrease

C. anode current will remain constant
Answer: Option A
anode current may increase or
D.
. A single phase half wave controlled decrease
rectifier circuit has a free wheeling diode.
The load is a combination of R and L. The Answer: Option C
firing angle is . The period of conduction
of SCR and free wheeling diode
A single phase half wave rectifier is feeding a
respectively are
resistive load. Input voltage v = Vm sin ωt. The
A.  < ωt <  and  < ωt < (2 + ) output dc voltage is Vdc and output rms
voltage is Vrms . If firing angle is 180°, Vdc and
Vrms respectively are

199
A. 0 and 0 B. 3
C. 1
B.
D. 4
C. 0 and - Vm
Answer: Option B
D. Assertion (A): A TRIAC is a bidirectional

SCR.
Reason (R): A TRIAC is a four layers 3
Answer: Option A terminal device and can conduct in both
directions.
The number of leads in an SCR are : Both A and R are correct and R is
A.
A. 2 correct explanation of A
B. 3 Both A and R correct but R is not

B.
C. 4
D. 5
Answer: Option B
Answer: Option A
A thyristor has a turn on time of 6 μs. If the

anode circuit is inductive, the turn on time will A dc circuit breaker must use
be A. natural commutation
A. 6 μs
B. forced commutation
B. less than 6μs
C. both natural and forced commutation
C. more than 6 μs
D. either natural or forced commutation
D. either 6 μs or less
Answer: Option B
Answer: Option C
An RC snubber circuit is used to protect a
thyristor against :
The total number of leads in reverse A. false triggering
conducting thyristor is
A. 2 B. failure to turn on

200
C. switching transients either a majority carrier or minority

C.
carrier device
D. failure to commutate
D. has a total number of 2 leads
Answer: Option C
Answer: Option B
A single phase semiconverter has a A single phase step up cycloconverter

freewheeling diode. If the firing angle is  and changes 50 Hz to 100 Hz. Then one half wave
the load is purely resistive, the periods of of input will give rise to
conduction and freewheeling respectively are
A. one half wave of output
A.  -  and 0
B. one full wave of output
B.  -  and 
C. two full waves of output
C.  +  and 0
D. either (b) or (c)
D.  +  and 
Answer: Option B
Answer: Option A
Which of these triggering methods for series
connected SCRs use LASCR in the gate
A dc separately excited motor has a constant circuit?
field current. The armature is fed from a single A. Resistance triggering
phase supply through a semi-converter.
When  = 0, speed is 600 rpm. If  = 90°, the
speed is likely to be B. Simultaneous triggering
A. about 300 rpm
C. Sequential triggering
B. about 150 rpm
D. Optical triggering
C. about 75 rpm
Answer: Option D
D. about zero
A 3 phase ac regulator uses
Answer: Option A A. 3 thyristors
B. 6 thyristors
A static induction thyristor
A. is a majority carrier device C. 9 thyristors
B. is a minority carrier device D. 12 thyristors

201
Answer: Option B
D. zero
The average load current supplied by a Answer: Option D

thyristor depends on Explanation:
In a three-phase full wave regulator,
A. firing angle
output voltage is zero if  ≥ 150°.
B. firing frequency
A thyristor is reverse biased. A positive
gate pulse is applied. The thyristor
C. magnitude of gate current
A. will be turned on
D. all of the above

B. may or may not turn on
Answer: Option A
C. will not turn on
. A dc chopper is feeding an RLE load. The

maximum steady state ripple is D. will turn on after sometime
A. Answer: Option C
B. A single phase series converter is used for

A. high voltage output
C. B. high current output
C. high voltage and high current output

D.
D. improving the circuit efficiency
Answer: Option A
(Imax - Imin)max = .
A single phase half wave controlled rectifier
In a 3 phase full wave regulator feeding a circuit has an R-L load. A freewheeling diode
star connected resistance load the input is also in the circuit. When freewheeling diode
voltage is 400 V line to line. The firing is conducting the SCR
angle is 160°. The line to line output A. is forward biased
voltage would be
A. 400 V
B. is reverse biased
B. about 100 V
may be forward biased or reverse
C.
biased
C. about 20 V

202
forward biased initially but reverse

D. B.
biased afterwards
Answer: Option B
C. 6002 V
A 750 A circuit uses thyristor of current rating

175 A. If derating is 25%, the number of D.
thyristors in parallel is
A. 3 Answer: Option C
B. 4
The number of doped regions in a SCR is
C. 6 A. 2
D. 10 B. 3
Answer: Option C
Explanation: C. 4
D. 5
Answer: Option C
Assertion (A): An inverter does not

require forced commutation
Reason (R): A series inverter is a forced In a single phase full wave ac regulator the
commutation inverter. rms value of load current is 20 A load is purely
resistive. Then
A. average thyristor current will be less
A. than 20 A but rms thyristor current will
be more than 20 A
B.
both the average and rms thyristor
B.
currents will be less than 20 A
both the average and rms thyristor

D. A is wrong but R is correct C.
currents will be more than 20 A
Answer: Option D
rms thyristor current will be 20 A and
D.
average thyristor current will be 10 A
In a single phase full wave converter (M -
2 connection), the rms transformer
Answer: Option B
voltage is 300 V across each half of
secondary. The PIV for each thyristor is
A. 300 V Which of these commutation methods uses an
auxiliary SCR?

203
Answer: Option C
A. Class A
Explanation:
B. Class B
Output voltage is for each.
C. Class C
A single phase half wave converter is
D. Class D feeding a resistive load. Just before
triggering, the voltage across thyristor is
Answer: Option C A. zero
B. about 1 V
A thyristor needs protection against
A. C. same as input voltage

high
D. twice the input voltage

B.
high Answer: Option C
C.
both high and high In a 3 phase full wave regulator feeding
resistance load connected in star, the possible
range of firing angle  is
D. A. 0 ≤  ≤ 180°
either high or high
Answer: Option C B. 0 ≤  ≤ 150°
Two semiconverters are connected in series C. 0 ≤  ≤ 120°

to form a single phase series converter. The
input v = Vm sin ωt and 1 = 2 are the firing
angles of the two converters. If 1 = 2 = 0, D. 0 ≤  ≤ 90°
the dc output voltage is
Answer: Option B
A.
Assertion (A): A dual converter may be
circulating current type or non circulating
B. current type.
Reason (R): In circulating current dual
converter only one converter can be operated
at one time.
C.
A.
D.

204
Both A and R correct but R is not B. external circuit only

B.
both gate current and external
C.
C. A is correct but R is wrong circuit
D. A is wrong but R is correct D. none of the above
Current chopping leads to The rated current of a thyristor is 40 A. The

A. over voltage holding current will be about :
A. 20 A
B. over current
B. 1 A
C. both over voltage and over current
C. 100 mA
D. either over voltage or over current
D. 10 mA
Answer: Option A
Explanation: Answer: Option D
e = L . In current chopping is high.

Hence e is high
A cycloconverter is
A. ac-dc converter
A 3 phase bridge inverter is fed by 400 V

battery. The load is star connected and has a B. dc-ac converter
resistance of 10 Ω per phase. The peak value
of load current is
C. dc-dc converter
A. 40 A
D. ac-ac converter
B. 20 A
Answer: Option D
C. 10 A
D. 5 A The number of leads in a power

semiconductor diode are
Answer: Option B A. 2
In an SCR, the anode current is controlled B. 3

by
A. gate current only C. 4

205
Explanation:
D. 2 or 3
UJT relaxation oscillator is used to
Answer: Option A provide gate pulses to SCR for triggering.
If ton and toff are the turn on and turn off times In a series inverter supplying a load
of a thyristor, then resistance R, the commutating elements L
and C should be such that
A. ton and toff are almost equal
A.
B. ton >> toff
C. toff >> ton B.
D. ton is about twice toff

C.
Answer: Option C
Assertion (A): The gate current of an D.

SCR is always in the form of pulses.
Reason (R): The gate losses, in pulse Answer: Option B
triggering, are low. Explanation:
A. Load should be under damped
Both A and R correct but R is not In a full wave converter (M - 2 connection)

B.
correct explanation of A feeding an RLE load, the peak thyristor
current is 15 A. For fully controlled bridge
circuit and same load current, the peak
thyristor current will be
A. 30 A
Answer: Option A B. 152 A
41. UJT can be used for C. 15 A

A. firing an SCR
D.
B. turning off an SCR
Answer: Option C
C. both firing and turning off an SCR
D. none of the above circuit is feeding on RL load. The circuit has a
freewheeling diode. The input voltage is v =
Answer: Option A Vm sin ωt. If I0 is the load current during the

206
conduction of freewheeling diode, the KVL

B. 6 pulse converters
equation during the conduction of free
wheeling diode is
C. 3 pulse converters
A.
D. either 12 or 6 pulse converters
B. Answer: Option A
C. A single phase semiconverter is feeding a

highly inductive load. The circuit has a
freewheeling diode across the load and firing
angle is . During one cycle of input voltage,
D. the total duration of conduction of
freewheeling diode is
Answer: Option B
A. 
B. 2 
circuit is feeding on RL load. The circuit has a C. 4 
freewheeling diode. The input voltage is v =
Vm sin ωt. If I0 is the load current during the
conduction of freewheeling diode, the KVL D. 0.5 
equation during the conduction of free
wheeling diode is Answer: Option B
A.
During forward blocking state of SCR, the
voltage and current respectively are
A. high and high
B.
B. low and low
C.
C. high and low
D. low and high

D.
Answer: Option C
Answer: Option B
HVDC transmission systems generally In a 3 phase full converter the average load
use current is 150 A. The average thyristor current
is
A. 12 pulse converters
A. 150 A

207
B. 75A load torque decreases with increase in

C.
speed
C. 50 A
D. 25 A
Answer: Option B
Answer: Option C
A thyristor has internal power dissipation of
40W and is operated at an ambient
The two modes of operation of three phase
temperature of 20°C. If thermal resistance is
bridge inverters are known as
1.6° C/W, the junction temperature is
A. 60° mode and 120° mode
A. 114°C
B. 90° mode and 120° mode

B. 164°C
C. 120° mode and 180° mode

C. 94° C
D. 120° mode and 240° mode

D. 84° C
Answer: Option C
Answer: Option D
Explanation:
A single phase full wave regulator feeds R-L
load. The best gating signal is
.
A. short duration pulses
B. long duration pulses In a single phase dual converter, 1,

and 2 are firing angles of the two converters.
Then
C. pulse train
A.
1 - 2 =
Answer: Option C B. 1 + 2 = 
C. 1 - 2 = 
A 3 phase induction motor is fed by a 3 phase
ac regulator to change the stator voltage. The
variation in speed will be more if D.
1 + 2 =
A. load torque is constant
Answer: Option B
load torque increases with increase in
B.
speed
The number of gates in an SCR is

208
The gate current required to turn on an SCR is

A. 1
A. few amperes
B. 3
B. a few mA
C. 4
C. almost equal to anode current
D. 6
D. about 50% of anode current
Answer: Option A
Answer: Option B
The waveshape of output voltage of half

bridge inverter is A single phase half wave converter is used to
charge a battery of 50 V. The thyristor is
A. sinusoidal
continuously fired by dc signal. Input voltage
is v = Vm sin ωt. The thyristor will conduct
B. square A. from 0 to 180°
C. triangular B. when v > 50 V
D. either (a) or (b) C. from 0 to 90°
Answer: Option B
D. When v < 50 V
Answer: Option B
A 3 phase induction motor is controlled by
voltage and frequency control such that the
ratio V/f is constant. At 50 Hz, the speed is The symbol in figure is for
1440 rpm. At 25 Hz, the speed is likely to be
A. about 1350 rpm
B. about 720 rpm
C. about 360 rpm

A. DIAC

B. P-N junction diode
Answer: Option B
Explanation: C. Schottky diode
In this case synchronous speed at 50 Hz is
1500 rpm. Therefore synchronous speed at 25 D. None of the above
Hz is 750 rpm. Since slip is about 3 - 5%,
speed is about 720 rpm. Answer: Option C

209
B. forward breakover voltage

In a 3 phase semiconverter, the firing
frequency is
A. equal to line frequency C. on state voltage
B. 3 times the line frequency peak working off state forward

D.
voltage
C. 6 times the line frequency Answer: Option B
D. 12 times the line frequency

Assertion (A): Snubber circuit has an RC
Answer: Option B series circuit in parallel with SCR
Reason (R): Voltage across a capacitor can
not change instantaneously.
Present day HVDC converters are all
A. 3 pulse converters A.
B. 6 pulse converters
B.
C. 12 pulse converters
D. either 6 pulse or 12 converters
Answer: Option C
Answer: Option A
A single phase full converter gives maximum

and minimum output voltage at firing angles of In dielectric heating, the thyristor circuits
consist of
A. 0 and 180° respectively
A. rectifier-chopper combination
B. 180° and 0° respectively

B. controlled rectifier
C. 0 and 90° respectively

C. ac regulator
D. 90° and 0° respectively

D. rectifier-inverter combination
Answer: Option A
Answer: Option D
. A thyristor has its gate current zero. To

start conduction the forward voltage must
exceed Assertion (A): A cycloconverter may be line
commutated or forced commutated
A. about 0.5 V Reason (R): A step up cycloconverter
requires forced commutation.

210
Both A and R are correct and R is Both A and R correct but R is not
A. B.
correct explanation of A correct explanation of A
Both A and R correct but R is not C. A is correct but R is wrong

B.
Answer: Option A
Answer: Option A In a single phase full wave ac regulator, the

firing angles in the two half cycles
. In the below figure the rms voltage across A. are always equal
each half of secondary is 200 V. The peak
inverse voltage across each of thyristor is B. are sometimes equal
C. are never equal
D. may be equal or unequal
Answer: Option A
In a single phase full bridge converter (B - 2

connection), the input voltage is v = Vm sin ωt.
A. 200 V The output dc voltage for resistive load
B. 2(200) V A.
C. 2(400) V
D. 800 V B.
Answer: Option C
C.
Assertion (A): A GTO circuit is more compact
than SCR circuit
Reason (R): A GTO can be turned off by
negative gate pulse.
Both A and R are correct and R is D.
A.

211
Answer: Option C
the commutating capacitor C and
load are connected in series and
C.
As regards single phase dual converter the combination is across the
secondary of transformer
the change in operation from one
A. quadrant to the other is faster in non-
circulating current mode D. none of the above
the change in operation from one Answer: Option A

B. quadrant to the other is faster in
circulating current mode A silicon controlled switch has :
A. 2 leads
the time response to change in
C. operation from one quadrant to other is
B. 3 leads
the same in both the modes
C. 4 leads
the time response to change in
operation from one quadrant to the
D. D. 5 leads
other may be faster in any of the two
modes
Answer: Option C
Answer: Option B
A dc chopper V = 500 V feeds an electric
To protect an SCR against high di/dt we fraction dc series motor. The chopping
connect frequency is 400 Hz. The series inductance
required to limit the maximum current swing
A. a capacitance in series with SCR to 10 A is
A. 20 mH
B. a capacitance in parallel with SCR
B. about 31 mH
C. an inductance in parallel with SCR
C. about 51 mH
D. an inductance in series with SCR
Answer: Option D D. about 92 mH
Answer: Option B
. In a parallel inverter Explanation:
the commutating capacitor C is
across the primary of transformer
A.
and the load is across the .
secondary
the commutating capacitor and

B. load are connected across the A single phase fully controlled bridge rectifier
secondary of transformer is fed by a source having inductance. The
output voltage during overlap period is

212
A. Vm A. 2° C/W
B. 0.5 Vm B. 1.4° C/W
C. zero C. 0.7°C/W
D. 0.5 Vm - voltage drop across inductance D. 2.2° C/W

Explanation:
In a semi converter feeding a resistive load, .

the firing angle is . Each thyristor conducts
for
A.  radians
A single phase electric heater uses phase
controlled thyristors. The firing angle is 90°.
B. ( - ) radians The degree of heating is
A. 25% of maximum
C. ( + ) radians
B. 50% of maximum
D. ( - 0.5 ) radians
C. 75% of maximum
Answer: Option B

Between which points does UJT exhibit
negative resistance characteristics
Answer: Option B
A. between peak and valley points
Which of these commutation methods is used

B. before peak point in AC-DC converters?
A. Class A
C. after peak point
B. Class C
D. after valley point
C. Class D
Answer: Option A
D. Class F
A thyristor has maximum allowable junction
Answer: Option D
temperature of 110° C and the ambient
temperature is 40°C, If the maximum internal
power dissipation is 50 W, the thermal 36. When thyristors are connected in series
resistance is and parallel, it may be necessary to have :

213
A. current derating B. 5 μs
B. voltage derating C. 20 μs
C. both current and voltage derating D. 50 μs

Explanation:
Answer: Option C Duration of gate pulse should be slightly more
Explanation: than turn time of SCR.
Thyristors in series do not share the
voltage equally and require voltage
derating. Thyristors in parallel need In a multiphase chopper, the different
current derating. choppers operate in
A. series and all simultaneously
A single phase half wave regulator uses B. parallel and one at a time
A. 2 diodes and 2 thyristors
C. parallel and simultaneously
B. 2 thyristors
C. 1 diode and 1 thyristor
Answer: Option B
D. 2 diodes
Answer: Option C In a 3 phase semiconverter, the dc output

voltage for a certain firing angle is 50% of the
maximum possible value. The firing angle is
A Shockley diode can be used
A. 30°
A. in place of SCR
B. 60°
B. as a trigger switch for SCR
C. 90°
C. in place of UJT
D. 120°
both in place of SCR and as a trigger
D.
switch for SCR
Answer: Option C
Answer: Option B
A high frequency series inverter consists of
An SCR has a turn on time of 4 μs. The gate A. a number of series inverters in series
pulse should have a duration of about
A. 2 μs B. a number of series inverters in parallel

214
C. a number of parallel inverters in parallel Both A and R are correct and R is

A.
D. a number of parallel inverters in series
B.
Answer: Option B correct explanation of A

In an SCR, the anode current consists of
A. only holes D. A is wrong but R is correct
B. only electrons Answer: Option A
C. both electrons and holes Assertion (A): When an SCR is

conducting, the voltage drop across is
about 1 V.
D. either electrons or holes Reason (R): When an SCR is conducting,
the junction temperature is about 200°C.
Answer: Option C Both A and R are correct and R is
A.
A 3 phase semiconverter when supplying a
certain load has a rectification efficiency of 0.6 Both A and R correct but R is not
and transformer utilisation factor of 0.35. B.
When a 3 phase full converter is supplying the
same load
rectification efficiency will be more than C. A is correct but R is wrong
A.
0.6 and TUF will be more than 0.35
rectification efficiency will be more than
B. Answer: Option C
0.6 but TUF will be less than 0.35
rectification efficiency will be less than

C. In controlled heating circuits, thyristors act as
0.6 and TUF will be less than 0.35
A. rectifier
rectification efficiency will be less than
D.
0.6 but TUF will be more than 0.35 B. inverter
Answer: Option A C. ac regulator
D. chopper
Assertion (A): A high dv/dt may cause
triggering of a thyristor.
Answer: Option C
Reason (R): A high dv/dt results in charging
current in the thyristor.

215
In a fully controlled bridge converter

B. auxiliary commutation
feeding a resistive load the waveshapes
of output voltage and output current
A. are always similar C. complementary commutation
B. can never be similar D. any of the above
Answer: Option C
C. may be similar or dissimilar
Which converter is used in HVDC
transmission?
D. are similar only if  = 0
A. 3 pulse
Answer: Option A
B. 6 pulse
Natural commutation can be used in : C. 12 pulse

A. DC circuits only
D. 24 pulse
B. AC circuits only
Answer: Option C
Assertion (A): The turn on time of SCR is
C. both AC and DC circuits about 1 to 4 ms.
Reason (R): The turn off time of SCR is about
D. none of the above 10 to 300 ms.
Answer: Option B A.

A single phase half wave rectifier circuit has a B.
free wheeling diode. The free wheeling diode
will conduct only if
A. load is purely resistive

B. load is purely inductive
Answer: Option B
C. load is combination of R and L
An n pulse rectifier is fed by a source having
load is purely inductive or combination an inductance L. If load current is I0, the
D. voltage drop due to overlap is
of R and L
Answer: Option D A.
McMurray Bedford full bridge inverter uses

B.
A. natural commutation

216
C. B.
D. C.
Answer: Option A
D.
Which chopper circuit operates in all the 4
quadrants? Answer: Option A
A. A
B. C Which of these commutation methods uses an

external pulse for commutation?
C. D A. Class A
D. E B. Class C
Answer: Option D C. Class E
A single phase cycloconverter feeds a D. Class F

resistance heating load. The heating power is
provided by Answer: Option C
only the fundamental component of
A.
output wave
In a single phase full wave regulator feeding
only higher harmonics in the output an R-L load, the power factor angle of load is
B. θ. The range of control of firing angle  is
wave
A. 0≤≤
both fundamental and higher
C.
harmonics in the output wave B. θ ≤  ≤ 
D. either (a) or (b) C. 0 ≤  ≤ ( - θ)
Answer: Option C
A 3 phase fully controlled bridge converter is D. θ ≤  ≤ ( + θ)
fed by a 3 phase system having phase
voltage v = Vm sin ωt. The firing angle is . Answer: Option B
The dc output voltage is
A.
A separately excited dc motor is run from a dc
source through a chopper. At 600 rpm and
rated torque, the duty cycle of chopper is 0.8.

217
At 600 rpm and half the rated torque, the duty

B. 3 quadrants
cycle is likely to be
A. 0.9
C. 2 quadrants
B. 0.8
D. 1 quadrant
C. 0.75 Answer: Option C
D. 0.6 In a 3 phase semiconverter, the freewheeling

diode comes into operation only if firing angle
Answer: Option C
A. is zero
B. is 60°
A relaxation oscillator uses
A. tunnel diode
C. is more than 60°
B. UJT
D. is more than 90°
C. both tunnel diode and UJT Answer: Option C
D. PIN diode A full bridge inverter is fed by a battery of

30 V. The rms value of output voltage is
Answer: Option B
A. 15 V
B. 152 V
In a 3 phase bridge inverter with 180° mode of
operation the numbers of thyristors conducting
at one time are C. 30 V
A. 1
D. 302 V
B. 2
Answer: Option C
C. 3
In brushless excitation system of modern

D. 4 alternators, the main exciter is
A. dc generator
Answer: Option C
B. ac generator
. A single phase full converter can operate
in
A. 4 quadrants C. either dc or ac generator

218
In a 3 phase full converter, the firing angle

D. induction generator
is less than 60°. The instantaneous output
voltage
Answer: Option B
A. will have positive part only
The two-transistor model of a thyristor

consists of two transistors : will have both positive and negative
B.
parts
A. one n-p-n and other p-n-p
may have both positive and

B. both p-n-p C.
negative parts
C. both n-p-n
will have negative part if load is
D.
inductive
D. one n-p-n and other UJT
Answer: Option A
Answer: Option A
In a stud mounted SCR, the stud is
In a thyristor, the forward breakover voltage A. in thermal contact with heat sink
A. is constant
B. insulated from heat sink
may be constant or may depend on
B.
gate current
in electrical and thermal contact
C.
with heat sink
C. decreases as gate current is increased
in either electrical or thermal
D.
D. increases as gate current is increased contact with heat sink
The gate lead, in a thyristor is welded to :

p layer to which anode is In pulse width modulation of chopper
A.
connected A. T is kept constant and Ton is varied
n layer nearest to the anode B. Ton is kept constant T is varied

B.
terminal
C. both T and Ton are varied
p layer nearest to the cathode
C.
terminal D. either T or Ton is varied
D. outside n layer Answer: Option A
Answer: Option B
In a full bridge inverter, the waveshape of
load current depends on

219
relative values of load parameters

A.
R, L and C In a thyristors are i = kva. The value of a is
A. about 0.5
B.
R and L
B. about 2

C. C. about 5
L and C
D. about 20
D. gating frequency
Answer: Option C
Answer: Option A
In an ordinary thyristor
The characteristics of which device has
peak point and valley point A. turn on and turn off times are equal
A. SCR
turn on time is more than turn off
B.
time
B. PUT
turn off time is more than turn on

C. SCS C.
time
D. Shockley diode
turn on time may be equal, less
D.
than or more than turn off time
Answer: Option B
Answer: Option C
In a step down chopper using time ratio
control, the input voltage is V and duty
cycle is . The load is purely resistive 33. Thyristors connected in series need :
having resistance R. The average and A. static equalizing circuit
rms load currents are
A. B. dynamic equalizing circuit
both static and dynamic equalizing

C.
circuits
B.
C. Answer: Option C
D.
Answer: Option B

220
The symbol in figure is for

Pdc < Pac for all values of firing
C.
angles
Pdc < Pac if firing angle is less than

D.
180°
Answer: Option D
Which of the following devices exhibit

negative resistance characteristics?
A. SUS
A. UJT
B. SBS
B. PUT
C. SCS
C. Both UJT and PUT

D. UJT, PUT and SBS
Answer: Option C
If 4 quadrant operation is required we Answer: Option C
need
A. dual converter In integral cycle control of ac regulators, the

period of integral cycle control, i.e., (m + n) T
should be
B. full converter
less than mechanical or thermal time
A.
constant of the system
C. semi converter
more than the mechanical or thermal

D. none of the above B.
time constant of the system
Answer: Option A
more or less than the mechanical or
C.
thermal time constant
A single phase half wave converter is
feeding a resistive load. Output dc power D. very high
is Pdc and total power delivered to load is
Pac then Answer: Option A
Pdc = Pac for all values of firing
A.
angles
All other parameters remaining the same, a 3
phase bridge inverter with 180° mode of
Pdc = Pac if firing angle is less than operation
B.
180° has the same peak thyristor current as
A.
in 120° mode of operation

221
has higher peak thyristor current than A. hVBB

B.
in 120° mode of operation
B. (h + 1) VBB
has lower peak thyristor current than in
C.
120° mode of operation
C. hVBB + VD
D. any of the above

D. VD
Answer: Option B
Answer: Option C
As compared to BJT, MOSFET has

lower switching losses and higher In the basic series inverter circuit, the source
A.
conduction losses supplies load
A. only in positive half cycle
higher switching losses and higher
B.
conduction losses both in positive and negative half
B.
cycles
higher switching losses and lower
C.
conduction losses C. only in part of positive half cycle
lower switching losses and lower in positive half cycle and part of
D. D.
conduction losses negative half cycle
If a step down chopper is fed by a dc In load commutated chopper, the

voltage V with Ton and Toff are on and off commutating element
A. is capacitor
periods then is
A. average output voltage B. is capacitor and inductor
B. rms output voltage is capacitor, inductor and auxiliary

C.
thyristor
average or rms output voltage
C.
depending on load any of the above depending on
D.
load
D. neither of the above
Answer: Option A
Answer: Option A
In a half bridge inverter each thyristor is
gated at a frequency f. The output
A voltage VBB is applied across the terminals frequency is
of a UJT. The emitter voltage at peak point is

222
Answer: Option B
A. 2f
B. f Multiphase choppers are used in

A. low power circuits
C. 0.5 f
B. high power circuit
D. 0.25 f
C. both low and high power circuits
Answer: Option B
D. medium power circuits
Assertion (A): A transistor has lower
voltage drop during conduction as Answer: Option B
compared to thyristor
Reason (R): Transistors are
manufactured in very high voltage and
current ratings. In a single phase converter using a centre
tapped transformer and with a highly inductive
Both A and R are correct and R is load, the firing angles is . Each thyristor
A.
correct explanation of A conducts for a period
A. 
B.
B. 

C.  - 

D.
Answer: Option C
Answer: Option A
Assertion (A): Typical value of thermal

resistance from source to sink of an SCR is
about 0.3° C/W In a parallel inverter
Reason (R): Heat sinks of thyristors are each thyristor is turned on twice during
generally made of aluminium. A.
each cycle
A.
correct explanation of A each thyristor is turned on once during
B.
each cycle
B.
correct explanation of A each thyristor is turned on either once
C.
or twice in each load cycle
each thyristor may be turned on upto
D.
D. A is wrong but R is correct four times in each load cycle

223
Answer: Option A
B. may use a two wire or 3 wire dc supply
A step up chopper can give an output voltage has higher output voltage if fed from 3
C.
A. higher than input voltage wire dc supply
B. lower than input voltage has higher efficiency if fed from 3 wire
D.
dc supply
C. both higher and lower input voltage
Answer: Option A
D. all of the above

A 3 phase series inverter has
Answer: Option A A. 12 thyristors
B. 6 thyristors
The specified maximum junction temperature
of thyristors is about
C. 3 thyristors
A. 50°C
D. 3 or 6 thyristors
B. 80°C
Answer: Option B
C. 120°C
D. 200°C Surge current rating of an SCR is

the maximum repetitive surge current in
A.
Answer: Option C which the SCR can withstand
A bridge type single phase cycloconverter the maximum non-repetitive surge

B.
changes the frequency f to f/3. Then one half current in which the SCR can withstand
wave of output contains
A. 3 full waves of input the maximum repetitive or non
C. repetitive surge current in which the
B. 3 half waves of input SCR can withstand
C. 6 full waves of input the maximum surge current in which

the SCR can withstand if both surge
D.
current and steady current exist
D. 6 half waves of input together
Answer: Option B Answer: Option B
A half bridge inverter Which of the following devices has metal-

A. needs a 3 wire dc supply silicon junction?

224
A. General purpose power diode D.  < 0.5
B. Schottky diode Answer: Option A
C. SCR In a series inverter

the commutating elements L and C
A.
D. MOSFET are in parallel
Answer: Option B the commutating elements L and C

B.
are in series with load
In a single phase full wave converter (M-2 the commutating L and C may be
connection) feeding on R-L load the input C.
in series or parallel with the load
voltage is v = Vm sin ωt. The expression for
rms output voltage is
A. Answer: Option B
When a power diode is conducting, the

voltage drop across it is about
B. A. IV
B. 5 V
C. C. 20 V
D. 50 V
D. Answer: Option A
In thermal ohm's law, temperature and power

Answer: Option B loss are analogous to
A. V and I respectively of ohm's law
A dc chopper is feeding an RLE load. The
condition for maximum ripple is B. I and V respectively of ohm's law
A. =1
C. R and V respectively of ohm's law
B.  = 0.8
D. I and R respectively of ohm's law
C.  = 0.5
Answer: Option B

225
A. 3, 3, 4,
A string of series connected thyristors needs
equalising circuit to
A. ensure proper firing B. 3, 3, 3
B. ensure proper current division C. 2, 3, 3
C. ensure proper voltage division D. 3, 3, 5
Answer: Option A
Answer: Option C Which of these devices can conduct in both

directions?
A. SCR
A surge voltage
has very high magnitude and very
A. B. SUS
long duration
C. SBS
B.
small duration
D. UJT
Answer: Option C
C. small duration and can be positive
or negative
A 3 phase dual converter consists of
D. can be only positive two 3 phase semiconverters
A.
connected in parallel
Answer: Option C
two 3 phase semiconverters
B.
The minimum gate current which can turn on connected in antiparallel
SCR is called :
A. trigger current two 3 phase full converters
C.
connected in antiparallel
B. holding current
two 3 phase full converters
D.
C. junction current connected in parallel
Answer: Option C
D. breakover current
Answer: Option A Assertion (A): A half wave controlled

rectifier has poorer efficiency and higher
ripple factor than a full wave controlled
The total number of leads in SUS, SBS and rectifier.
SCS respectively are Reason (R): The use of a freewheeling
diode in half wave controlled rectifier

226
circuit improves the waveform of load

A. can operate in first quadrant only
current and circuit power factor.
A. B. can operate in second quadrant only
can operate in either first or fourth

Both A and R correct but R is not C.
B. quadrant
D. can operate in all the quadrants

Answer: Option C
Answer: Option B The symbol in figure is for
Which inverter circuit uses coupled inductors?

A. Modified McMurray full bridge inverter
B. McMurray Bedford half bridge inverter
Modified McMurray Bedford half bridge A. UJT

C.
inverter
B. PUT
D. Both (b) and (c)
C. SCS
Answer: Option D
D. SBS
When an SCR is in forward blocking
mode, the applied voltage Answer: Option B
A. appears across only one junction
B. is equally shared by two junctions The efficiency of a chopper circuit is about

A. 80% or more
C. is equally shared by three junctions
B. around 50%
may appear across one or more
D.
junctions C. around 20%
Answer: Option A
D. around 5%
Answer: Option A
A class D chopper

227
. If the frequency is less than the damped

frequency in a series- inverter In a 3 phase full converter, the instantaneous
the distortion of output voltage output voltage can have negative part if
A.
waveform is low A. firing angle is less than 60°
the distortion of output voltage B. firing angle is less than 90°

B.
waveform is high
C. firing angle is more than 60°
the distortion of output voltage may
C. be high or low depending on the D. firing angle is more than 90°
load impedance
Answer: Option C
In a single phase full wave ac regulator
Answer: Option B using two thyristors only, the gate circuits
of the two thyristors
Mc Murray full bridge inverter uses A. must be isolated
A. 4 thyristors and 2 diodes
B. may or may not be isolated
B. 4 thyristors and 4 diodes
C. should be preferably, isolated
C. 8 thyristors and 4 diodes
D. should not be isolated
D. 8 thyristors and 8 diodes
Answer: Option A
Answer: Option C
A fully controlled bridge converter is feeding
Assertion (A): A DIAC has four layers but an RLE load. For some circuit conditions firing
only two terminals. angle is 47°. If connections of battery are
Reason (R): A DIAC can conduct in both reversed, the firing angle is likely to be
directions. A. 47°
A.
correct explanation of A B. less than 47°
Both A and R correct but R is not C. more than 47°

B.
D. either more or less than 47°

Answer: Option C
In a single phase half wave converter
Answer: Option B feeding resistive load and full wave
converter (M - 2 connection) feeding a
resistive load the circuit conditions are

228
similar. The firing angle is . Then the Answer: Option B

waveshapes of voltages across thyristors
A. are similar The main utility of SCR is due to
A. gate triggering
B. are not similar
B. high temperature triggering
C. may be similar or dissimilar
are similar only for some values C.

D. triggering
of 
D. high breakdown voltage
Answer: Option A
Answer: Option A
In a 3 phase full converter feeding a
highly inductive load, the average load
current is 150 A. The peak current n a 3 phase full wave regulator feeding a star
through thyristor is connected resistance load, firing angle is 75°.
Then the number of thyristors conducting at
A. 150 A one time is
A. 1
B. 75 A
B. 2
C. 50 A
C. 3
D. 300 A
D. 4
Answer: Option A
Answer: Option B
A 3 phase bridge inverter is fed by 400 V

battery. The load is star connected and has a The symbol in figure is for
resistance of 10 Ω per phase. The peak value
of thyristor current is
A.
B.
A. SUS
C. B. SBS
C. Shockley diode
D.

229
D. UJT
Typical values
Answer: Option C
of for an SCR
The turn on characteristics of a power are in the range of
transistor can be assumed to be linear, as A. 1 to 10
shown in the below figure . During turn on
time T, voltage reduces linearly from V to
0 and current rises linearly from 0 to I. The B. 25 to 500
energy loss during time T is
C. 0.1 to 1
D. 1000 to 2000
Answer: Option B
When a dc chopper feeds an RLE load, the

load current, during steady state operation
A. remains constant
A. VIT varies between maximum and

B.
minimum values
B.
C. may remain constant or vary
D. is constant if R is constant
C.
Answer: Option B
D.
In a single phase full wave ac regulator
Answer: Option D feeding R-L load, the gate pulses
A. are always of short duration
A single phase half bridge inverter
required to feed R-L loads needs B. may be of short duration
A. 2 thyristors
C. should be rectangular with width ( - )
B. 4 thyristors
D. cannot be rectangular with width ( - )
C. 2 thyristors and two diodes
Answer: Option C
D. 4 thyristors and 4 diodes
In a semi converter feeding a resistive load,
Answer: Option C

230
the waveshapes of input voltage and

A. Which of these commutation methods uses
input current are always similar
two leads?
A. Class A
B.
input current can never be similar
B. Class B

C. input current are similar only if firing C. Class C
angle is zero
D. Class D
D. input current are similar only if firing Answer: Option D
angle is high
A single phase half wave rectifier is feeding a
Answer: Option C resistive load. As firing angle is increased
dc output voltage and rms output
A. voltage decrease in the same
In a single phase semi-converter the number proportion
of thyristors is
A. 16 dc output voltage and rms output
B.
voltage decrease
B. 8
dc output voltage and rms output
C.
C. 4 voltage increase
D. 2 dc output voltage and rms output

D.
voltage increase in the same proportion
Answer: Option D
Answer: Option B
A dc chopper is feeding an RLE load. The A cycloconverter for single phase operation
current can become discontinuous if has
one positive group and one negative
A. A.
is high group converters
B.  is low two positive group and two negative

B.
group converters
C. E is high
three positive group and three negative
C.
group converters
Answer: Option D D. any of the above
Answer: Option A

231
the commutating elements carry upto

B.
The difference between resonant 50% of load current
commutation and self commutation is
both these methods are based on the commutating elements do not carry
A. C.
entirely different principles load current
in resonant commutation, the D. any of the above

commutating elements carry load
B. current but in self commutation, the Answer: Option A
commutating elements do not carry
load current
A NAND gate has 3 inputs and one
output. The number of thyristors required
resonant commutation uses L and C for this gate are
C. but self commutation uses only A. 1
capacitor
B. 2
Answer: Option A C. 3
If 0.5 T is the time period of oscillations D. 3 or 4

and Toff is the time between turn off of one
thyristor and turn on of second thyristor, Answer: Option C
the frequency of output f of a series
inverter is Which of these devices is used in relaxation
oscillator?
A.
A. UJT
B. B. SCR
C. DIAC
C.
D. TRIAC
Answer: Option A
D.
Answer: Option A In auxiliary commutated chopper fed by

voltage V and having L and C commutating
elements, the peak value of capacitor current
In a series inverter is
the commutating elements carry full A.
A.
load current

232
A. will be less than 100 N-m

B.
B. will be more than 100 N-m
C.
may be more or less than 100 N-m
C.
depending on motor parameters
D.
D. very small
In a single phase semiconverter feeding a In a three phase to single phase full wave
highly inductive load, the load current is bridge cycloconverter, the number of
thyristors is
A. sinusoidal
A. 36
B. nearly constant
B. 18
C. absolutely constant
C. 12
D. rectangular
D. 8
Answer: Option B
Two thyristors of the same rating and Answer: Option C
specifications
A. will have equal on state voltage drops A single phase half wave converter is
feeding-a resistor load. The input voltage
is v = Vm sin ωt. If firing angle is zero, the
will have equal forward blocking
B. output dc voltage Vdc and output rms
voltage for the same current
voltage Vrms respectively
will have different on state voltage A.

C.
drops
may have equal or different on state B.

voltage drops and equal or different
D.
forward blocking voltage's for the same
current
C.
Answer: Option D
A 3 phase induction motor is controlled by D.

voltage and frequency control such that
the ratio V/f is constant. At 50 Hz, the
starting torque is 100 N-m. At 25 Hz, the Answer: Option B
starting torque

233
A. inductive
In a cycloconverter it is possible to vary
A. only output frequency B. resistive
B. only output voltage C. capacitive
both output voltage and frequency D. any of the above

C.
but not simultaneously
Answer: Option A
both output voltage and output
D.
frequency simultaneously A single phase converter is fed by a source
having an inductance L. If load current is I0,
Answer: Option D the decrease in output voltage due to overlap
is
A.
A single phase full bridge inverter for R-L
loads needs
A. 4 thyristors B.
B. 4 thyristors and 4 diodes

C.
C. 4 thyristors and 2 diodes
D. 8 thyristors D.
Answer: Option B
Answer: Option C
In the basic series inverter circuit, the source Assertion (A): An ac regulator uses natural
current has commutation
Reason (R): An ac regulator can be used for
A. low harmonic content static on load tap changing of transformer.
A.
B. high harmonic content correct explanation of A
low or high harmonic content Both A and R correct but R is not

C. B.
depending on firing angle correct explanation of A
D. zero harmonic content C. A is correct but R is wrong
Answer: Option B
In a controlled rectifier a freewheeling Answer: Option B

diode is necessary if the load is

234
A. decreasing R
When a UJT is used as a relaxation oscillator B. decreasing L

the current should be
A. less than Ip
C. increasing L
B. more than Iv
D. decreasing R and L together
C. more than Ip but less than Iv Answer: Option B
D. negative . A single phase semiconverter is supplying

RLE load and has a freewheeling diode
Answer: Option C across the load. The firing angle is . The
freewheeling diode conducts for
In auxiliary commutated chopper, the A. ° in each half cycle
charging and discharging time of
capacitor
B. ( - )° in each cycle
A. are constant
C. ° in one full cycle

B. depend on load current
D. ( + )° in each half cycle

may be constant or may depend on
C.
load current Answer: Option A

In a full bridge inverter fed by a battery of
Answer: Option B voltage V, the rms value of fundamental
component of output voltage is
hich chopper circuit uses saturable reactor?
A.
A. Auxiliary commutated
B. Jones chopper B.
C. Morgan chopper
C.
D. Load commutated
Answer: Option C D.
A thyristor circuit is feeding an R-L load. The Answer: Option B

turn on time can be reduced by

235
In a single phase full wave regulator feeding a

resistive load, the average current over one
full cycle Assertion (A): Chopper always requires
forced commutation
A. is always zero Reason (R): Morgan chopper uses a
saturable reactor.
B. cannot be zero Both A and R are correct and R is
A.
C. may be sometimes zero
B.
D. is always positive correct explanation of A
Answer: Option A C. A is correct but R is wrong
Two single phase semi-converters are D. A is wrong but R is correct

connected in series to form a series converter.
The input is v = Vm sin ωt and 1, 2 are the Answer: Option B
firing angles. If 1 = 0, the dc output voltage is
A. In a power diode the reverse recovery

(1 + cos 2) time is the time from the instant the
forward current is zero to the instant when
reverse recovery current has decayed to
B. A. 50% of peak reverse current
(2 + cos 2)
B. 25% of peak reverse current

C.
(3 + cos 2)
C. 10% of peak reverse current
D. D. zero value
(4 + cos 2)
Answer: Option A
Answer: Option C
Assertion (A): McMurray Bredford half

The total number of leads in MOS
bridge inverter uses complementary
controlled thyristor is
commutation
A. 2 Reason (R): Three phase inverter can
have two modes of operation.
B. 3 Both A and R are correct and R is
A.
C. 4
B.
D. 2 or 3
Answer: Option B

236
C. A is correct but R is wrong C. saw tooth wave
D. A is wrong but R is correct D. either (a) or (c)
The stud in a stud mounted SCR acts as

A capacitor C farads is charged to a voltage A. anode
V. It discharges through a thyristor, a diode
and an inductance L. The peak current in the
circuit is B. cathode
A. VCL
C. gate
B.
D. anode or cathode
Answer: Option A
C.
In rectifier circuits, the rms value of ac
component of output voltage is equal to
D. A. Vrms
Answer: Option B B. 0.5 Vrms
Which of these devices have four layers? C. (Vrms - Vdc)0.5

A. UJT
D. (Vrms2 - Vdc2)0.5
B. SCR
Answer: Option D
C. TRIAC
A UJT exhibits negative resistance
characteristics when
D. SCR and TRIAC
A. Current is less than valley current
Answer: Option B
B. Current is less than peak current
When UJT is used for thyristor gate signal, the Current is more than peak current but
C.
output of UJT is less than valley current
A. sine wave
B. square wave
Answer: Option C

237
A dc chopper feeds an RLE load and has a

duty cycle of 1. The load current will be such A.
that
A. Both A and R correct but R is not

B.
B. Imax > Imin

C. Imin > 0
D. Imin < 0 Answer: Option B
Answer: Option A
In a single phase full wave controlled rectifier
In rectifier circuits, ripple factor RF and using centre tap transformer, the voltage
form factor FF are related as across each half of secondary is Vm sin ωt.
A. RF = (FF2 - 1)0.5 The peak inverse voltage is
A. 2 Vm
B. RF = FF
B. Vm
C. RF = FF - 1
C. 0.5 Vm
D. RF = (FF - 1)0.5
D. 0.25 Vm
Answer: Option A
Answer: Option A
If we connect two silicon unilateral switches in

antiparallel we get Which statement is correct?
A. SCR BJT and MOSFET are current
A.
controlled devices
B. SBS
BJT is voltage controlled and MOSFET
B.
C. SCS is current controlled device
D. UJT BJT and MOSFET are voltage

C.
controlled devices
Answer: Option B
BJT is current controlled and MOSFET
D.
is voltage controlled device
Assertion (A): SUS is a PUT and avalanche
diode connected between gate and cathode Answer: Option D
Reason (R): SBS has two SUS inbuilt
together and connected in anti-parallel

238
In a three phase series inverter, the firing

C. 1 and 3
frequency is
A. three times output frequency
D. 1 and 4
B. six times output frequency Answer: Option D
C. twice the output frequency

A class E chopper
D. equal to output frequency A. can operate in second quadrant only
Answer: Option B
B. can operate in first or third quadrant
C. can operate in all the four quadrants

A 3 phase fully controlled converter is a
A. 3 pulse converter
can operate in either second or third
D.
quadrant
B. 6 pulse converter
Answer: Option C
C. 2 pulse converter
A cycloconverter uses
D. 12 pulse converter A. natural commutation
Answer: Option B
B. forced commutation
In a half bridge inverter the gate pulses of the

C. either natural or forced commutation
two thyristors have a phase displacement of
A. 60°
both natural and forced commutation
D.
together
B. 90°
Answer: Option C
C. 120°
Assertion (A): A fully controlled bridge
D. 180° converter can operate in first and fourth
quadrant.
Answer: Option D Reason (R): A semi converter is cheaper than
a full converter.
A.
A fully controlled bridge converter can operate
in quadrants
A. 1 Both A and R correct but R is not
B.
B. 1 and 2

239
Assertion (A): A GTO can be turned on

and turned off by gate pulses
Reason (R): A GTO can be turned off by
D. A is wrong but R is correct negative gate pulse.
Answer: Option B A.
The commutation method in an inverter, is Both A and R correct but R is not

B.
A. line commutation correct explanation of A
B. forced commutation C. A is correct but R is wrong
C. either (a) or (b) D. A is wrong but R is correct
Answer: Option B
Answer: Option C In a half bridge inverter circuit fed by a

battery of voltage V, the rms value of
fundamental component of output voltage
is
Inverters find applications in
A. 2V
A. HVDC transmission
B. UPS B.
C. variable speed ac drives

C.
D. all of the above
Answer: Option D D.
Answer: Option B
When a thyristor is conducting, the voltage
drop across it is about
A. 1V In a full bridge single phase inverter feeding
RLC load
B. 10 V one thyristor and one diode conduct
A.
simultaneously
C. 100 V
B. two thyristors conduct simultaneously
D. 0.1 V
two thyristors or two diodes conduct
C.
Answer: Option A simultaneously

240
D. four thyristors conduct simultaneously

In a certain inverter circuit each thyristor
carries 26.67 A for 60°, 13.33 A for 120° and
Answer: Option C zero A for 180° of the cycle. The rms current
of thyristor is
A. 20 A
It is possible to use a freewheeling diode in
single phase half wave controlled B. 13.33 A
rectifier as well as in single phase full
A.
wave controlled rectifier (M - 2
connection) C. 6.67 A
single phase half wave controlled D. 3.33 A

rectifier but not in single phase full
B. Answer: Option B
wave controlled rectifier (M - 2
connection)
The factor η for a UJT is about
single phase full wave controlled A. 0.1
rectifier (M - 2 connection) but not in
C.
single phase half wave controlled
B. 0.2
rectifier
C. 0.6
D. all controlled rectifier circuits
Answer: Option D D. 0.9
Answer: Option C
Assertion (A): When the anode current of an
SCR starts increasing during turn on process, The symbol in figure is for
the anode cathode voltage drop starts
decreasing.
Reason (R): During turn on the reverse
biased junction in SCR breaksdown.
A.
Both A and R correct but R is not A. UJT

B.
B. PUT
C. Shockley diode
D. TRIAC
Answer: Option A
Answer: Option A

241
A class A chopper has an input voltage of 200

In a single phase full converter fed by a V. Ton = 1.5 ms and Toff = 4.5 ms. The duty
source having inductance, the number of cycle, average output voltage and ripple factor
thyristors conducting during overlap is respectively are
A. 1 A. 0.5, 100 V and 1
B. 2 B. 0.25, 50 V and 3
C. 3 C. 0.25, 50 V and 1
D. 4 D. 0.5, 100 V and 3
The cut in voltages for germanium and silicon In a parallel inverter the turn off time tq of
diodes respectively as thyristor and values of commutating elements
A. 0.3 V and 0.7 V L and C are related as
A. tq = LC
B. 0.7 V and 0.3 V
B.
C. 0.6 V and 0.9 V tq = LC
D. 0.5 V and 0.7 V C.

tq = LC
Answer: Option A
D.
tq = LC
An SCR is triggered at 80° in the positive half
cycle, only. The rms anode current is 25 A. If Answer: Option C
the firing angle is changed to 160°, the rms
current is likely to be
A. 25 A A TRIAC can be turned on :
A. by applying a positive signal to gate
B. 12.5 A
B. by applying a negative signal to gate
C. less than 25 A
by applying either positive or negative
C.
D. less than 12.5 A signal to gate
Answer: Option D
Answer: Option C

242
single phase half wave and single phase full

wave regulators are
Which of the following devices has two
gates? A.
A. SCR
B. SCS B.
C. SUS
C.
D. SBS
Answer: Option B
D.
In auxiliary commutated chopper, the peak

value of thyristor current is Answer: Option A
A. equal to peak value of load current
The static equalisation circuit for thyristors
B. equal to peak value of capacitor current connected in series is
A. one resistor in series with each thyristor
sum of peak value of load current and
C.
capacitor current one resistor in parallel with each
B.
thyristor
one resistor and one capacitor in
C.
Answer: Option C parallel with each thyristor
The symbol in figure is for D. none of the above
Answer: Option B
A single phase full wave regulator feeds a

A. SUS resistive load. The firing angle of thyristors is
90°. The input power factor is
B. SBS A. 1
C. SCS B. 0.707 lagging
D. Shockley diode C. 0.5 lagging
Answer: Option B
D. 0.2 lagging
If peak value of input voltage is Vm and firing
angle is , the average output voltage for Answer: Option B

243
Lead mounting for SCR is used for

The leads in a TRIAC are denoted by A. rating less than mA
A. anode cathode, gate
B. rating about 1 A or less
B. T1 T2, gate
C. rating of 20 A or less than 20 A
C. T1, T2, anode
D. rating 100 A or less
D. T1, T2, T3
Answer: Option B
Answer: Option B
A load commutated chopper circuit has

A step down cycloconverter has an input A. one thyristor
frequency f. If it uses natural commutation, the
output frequency B. two thyristors
must be a sub-multiple of input
A.
frequency
C. four thyristors
B. can be any frequency

D. six thyristors
must be an even sub-multiple of input Answer: Option C

C.
frequency
A TRIAC is equivalent to
must be an odd sub-multiple of input A. two thyristors in series
D.
frequency
B. two thyristors in parallel
Answer: Option A
In a single phase full wave regulator, the rms C. one thyristor and one diode
current in each thyristors is Ir The run load
current is equal to D. one thyristor and one transistor
A. 2Ir
Answer: Option B
B. 2 Ir
Assertion (A): The output voltage of an
inverter can be controlled by PWM
C. Ir
technique
Reason (R): In a current source inverter
the input current is constant.
D.
A.
Answer: Option B

244
Both A and R correct but R is not increases slightly with increase in load
B. C.
correct explanation of A current
C. A is correct but R is wrong D. none of the above
D. A is wrong but R is correct Answer: Option C
Answer: Option B
The advantage of modified series inverter with
two inductors and two capacitors is
Which of the following commutation
methods is the overall circuit under the intermittent operation of battery is
A.
damped? avoided
A. Class A
B. efficiency of circuit is more
B. Class B
C. the output frequency is low
C. Class C
D. all of the above
D. Both class A and Class B
Answer: Option A
Answer: Option D
An SUS is
In a half bridge inverter, the freewheeling exactly similar to SCR but with
A.
diodes are needed higher rating
A. even when load is resistive
B. similar to UJT
B. only when load is inductive
PUT and avalanche diode
C.
only when load is inductive or connected in anti parallel
C.
capacitive
SCR and avalanche diode
D.
D. for all types of loads connected in parallel
When a thyristor is conducting, the voltage Which chopper circuit operates in quadrants 1
drop across it and 4?
A. is absolutely constant A. A
B. decreases with increase in load current B. B

245
C. D
D. E
Answer: Option C

Electrcal Mcqs Indiabix Compiled by ASK PDF

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Electrcal Mcqs Indiabix Compiled by ASK PDF

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

1

D. 3,000 × 107 D. 4.4 M

B. 135 × 10–3 kW B. 3.3 µA

Compiled by: Engr. Abdul Shakoor

B. 160 µA D. either 4,500 × 104 or 4.5 × 106

C. 1,600 µA Answer: Option B

D. 0.0033 Fourteen milliamperes can be expressed as

Which of the following is not an electrical quantity? B. 14 µA

D. either 7 kV or 7 mV Voltage is measured in

Compiled by: Engr. Abdul Shakoor

B. 0.0003 D. there is no voltage

C. 430 Maximum resistance value = 6800 + 680 =

B. joule C. solar cell

Compiled by: Engr. Abdul Shakoor

D. 125 mS When the current is 2.5 A, how many coulombs pass a

Compiled by: Engr. Abdul Shakoor

D. coulomb D. none of the above

Compiled by: Engr. Abdul Shakoor

[D]. 21.4 mA D. 230

Answer: Option B Answer: Option D

Compiled by: Engr. Abdul Shakoor

Answer: Option A If 24 V are applied across a resistor and there are

[B]. 151 µA C. 2.2 k

Compiled by: Engr. Abdul Shakoor

D. 4.4 What is the approximate resistance of a rheostat if the

Compiled by: Engr. Abdul Shakoor

In 0.025 W, there are A 15 V source is connected across a

C. 4.28% A 120 resistor must carry a maximum

Compiled by: Engr. Abdul Shakoor

If you used 400 W of power for 30 h, you have

C. 1.2 kWh D. 300 kW

C. 2,000 h For 12 V and 40 mA, the power is

Compiled by: Engr. Abdul Shakoor

B. 428 A [D]. 200 W

Compiled by: Engr. Abdul Shakoor

Which of the following series combinations

A certain series circuit consists of a 1/8 W B. increases by one-third

I = sqrt (P/R) Answer: Option C

Compiled by: Engr. Abdul Shakoor

Compiled by: Engr. Abdul Shakoor

C. 120 mA = 32.6 mA.

D. 20 mA If a 24 V and a 6 V battery are series opposing,

. To measure the current out of the second Answer: Option A

Answer: Option D C. is 1.2 k

Compiled by: Engr. Abdul Shakoor

Four equal-value resistors are in series with a

Answer: Option B Two 6 V batteries are connected series

Compiled by: Engr. Abdul Shakoor

The total resistance of a parallel circuit is Answer: Option D

greater than 120 but less than 1.6 k

C. unknown Answer: Option B

A. remains the same

Compiled by: Engr. Abdul Shakoor

Compiled by: Engr. Abdul Shakoor

So, I =15/600 = 0.025.

Five 100 resistors are connected in

Answer: Option A D. the circuit is operating properly

Four 8 speakers are connected in parallel Answer: Option A

[B]. 1.5 W B. 540 mA

A sudden increase in the total current into a

A. a drop in source voltage

Compiled by: Engr. Abdul Shakoor

[B]. 780 mA TOTAL current is 15+7.5+5+3.75 = 31.25.

[B]. 15 mA B. 100,000 B. increases