ORTHOPEDIC HARDWARES

- An orthopedic implant is a medical device manufactured to relace a missing joint or

bone to support a damaged bone
- Medical implant is mainly fabricated using stainless steel and titanium alloys for
strength and the plastic coating that is done on it acts as an artificial cartilage

Orthopedic Implant

- Any surgical placed, non-biological material whose purpose is to promote healing of

tissues or serve as a replacement of structures such as joints

Classification of Orthoprdic Fixation Devices

1. Internal Fixation Devices

1.1 Screws – one of the most sought hardware device; they may be used by themselves
to provide fixation or in conjunction with other devices
1.2 Plates – a form of internal fixation to hold fractures in place to allow bone healing,
made from stainless steel and titanium
1.3 Wires – the wire is placed around the bone to pull various fracture fragments
together
1.4 Pins – are used to correct soft tissue damage and minimal bone fractures. The
purpose of pins is that it provides provisional internal fixation so that it can be
manipulated by futher hardware use.
1.5 Intramedullary rods and nails – AKA as inter-locking nail or Kuntscher nail is a metal
rod forced into the medullary cavity of a long bone such as the femur or tibia. Used
to align and stabilze fractures.
1.6 Spinal fixation devices – stabilizes an area of the posterior spine while allowing for
a significant range of motion and limiting the compression of the affected
vertebrae. The Harrington rod is implanted along the spinal column to treat
scoliosis.
 2. External Fixation Devices
2.1 Fracture Fixation
 Spanning external fixator – patellar fracture
 Hybrid external fixator – fracture at knee joint
 Delta frame external fixator - fracture of tibia fibula
 Rogers Anderson external fixator - comminuted fracture for long bone
 Towers - fracture of the mandible
 Mini Rogers Anderson external fixator - comminuted fracture for carpal
and metacarpals\
2.2 Bone lengthening
 Ilizarov external fixator – limb strengthening and correction of angular
deformities

INTERNAL FIXATION DEVICES

1. Screws - used to provide fixation or in conjunction with other devices

2. Plates
 T-plate or Buttress Plates – used to support bone that is unstable in compression
or axial loading like fracture of the distal radius and tibial plateau.
 Fixation Plates - a type of internal fixation that is attached to the bone with
screws
 Bone Plates - used for fractures that are stable in compression like the radius
and ulna
3. Wires
 Sublaminar Wiring - used for spine affectations
4. Pins
- The Kirschner wire and Steinmann pin are commonly used devices in skeletal traction.
- The wire or pin insertion is always an aseptic procedure, and is usually done in the
operating room
- A local or general anesthesia is used, and all preoperative and postoperative precautions
must be taken
- The wire or pin is inserted through the bone, distal to the fracture site, and out through
the skin on the other side
5. Intramedullary rods and nails
 Intramedullary locking screw - used for femoral fracture, middle 3rd
 Intramedullary nail/nailing – used for intramedullary reaming is necessary prior
to placement of a device; is an internal fixation technique mainly used for the
surgical management of long bone diaphyseal fractures and since more recently,
also in metaphyseal and periarticular fracture
6. Luque rod -custom contoured metal rods that are fixed to each segment in the affected
part of the spine ; used for scoliosis
7. Spinal fixation devices – stabilizes an area of the posterior spine while allowing for a
significant range of motion and limiting the compression of the affected vertebrae

EXTERNAL FIXATION DEVICES

1. Spanning external fixator

- for patellar fracture
- used to keep fractured bones stabilized and in alignment
- the device can be adjusted externally to ensure the bones remain in an optimal position
during the healing process
- commonly used in children and when the skin over the fracture has been damaged
2. Hybrid external fixator – fracture of the knee joint
3. Delta frame external fixator – for fracture of tibia fibula
4. Roger Anderson external fixator – for comminuted fracture of the long bones

Towers

 Tower’s external fixator - fracture of the mandible

5. Mini Rogers Anderson external fixator - comminuted carpal and metacarpal
6. Hoffman external fixator – fracture of the pelvis
7. Ilizarov external fixator – for bone lengthening and correction of angular deformities
8. Crutchfield tong – for cervical affection
9. Vinke’s skull caliper - for cervical affection
10. Skin stapler – for post-operative skin suture
11. Hemovac suction drainage – for post-operative drainage
12. Spacer: antibiotics – replacement for infected prosthesis
13. Antibiotic beads – post-operative medication for osteomyelitis
14. Cerclage wire
- type of orthopedic fixation/stabilization wire placed to approximate fracture bone
fragments
- placed around the circumference of the bone to pull various fracture fragments
together like patellar fracture
15. Bone ronguer
- are like pliers with a heavy, pointed jaw. With their heavy construction
- are used for gnawing holes in bones during surgery, the scoop shaped tip of the ronguer
is used for gouging the bone. This could be neurosurgery where the surgeon must
remove part of the skull to expose the brain
- used for cutting small pieces of bones
16. Wire cutters – used for cutting or twisting wires
17. Osteotome
- Used for cutting or preparing bones
- Similar to a chisel but bevelled on both sides. They are used today in plastic surgery,
orthopedic surgery, and dental implantation.
18. Bone mallet
- used to tapped osteotomes, chisels, or insertion of pins
- are short-handled hammers, used mainly to drive a chisel or wedge also it is used to
strike a surface without damaging it
19. Gigli saw
- used in sawing bones
- is a flexible wire used by surgeons for bone cutting. A gigli saw is used mainly for
amputation, where the bones have to be smoothly cut at the level of amputation
20. Femoral head remover
- Used in removing femoral head during hip surgery
- Remove the femoral head without injury to the femoral neck, taper, or bome-prosthesis
interface
21. Styker drill
- Use for drilling, sawing, or reaming during surgery
- An instrument used to bore holes in bone for the attachment of surgical pins, plates, or
screws or to remove decay and reshape teeth in preparation for a filling
22. Total knee arthroplasty
- Tibial and femoral components, degenerative joint disease (osteoarthritis)
- Is a surgical procedure to resurface a knee damaged by arthritis. Metal and plastic parts
are used to cap the end of the bones that form the knee joint, along with the kneecap
23. Total replacement hip arthroplasty
- Femoral head, femoral neck including acetabulum
- Is surgery to replace a worn-out or damaged hip joint. The surgeon replaces the old joint
with an artificial joint (prosthesis)
- This surgery may be a choice after a hip fracture or for severe pain because of arthritis
24. Partial replacement hip prosthesis
- Femoral head and neck fracture
- Removes and replaces the ball of hip joint. It does not replace the socket
- This surgery is most often done to repair certain types of hip fractures