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Roles of Geospatial Data and Information for Realization of SDGs in

Indonesia

Presentation · November 2020

DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.29084.72329

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1

Roles of Geospatial Data and Information

for Realization of SDGs in Indonesia

Prof. Dr. Hasanuddin Z. Abidin

Professor, Geodesy Research Group,
Faculty of Earth Science and Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung (ITB)
Previous Chairman of Geospatial Information Agency of Indonesia (BIG), (2016-2020)

UiTM – ITB Webinar, Tuesday 24 November 2020

Organized by Centre of Studies for Surveying Science and Geomatics
Faculty of Architecture, Planning and Surveying, UiTM, Malaysia
2

Outline of Presentation
“Roles of Geospatial Data and Information
for Realization of SDGs in Indonesia”

1. Introduction on Geospatial
2. Geospatial for Sustainable National Development
3. Geospatial Data and Information for Realization of SDGs
4. Closing Remarks

This presentation can not cover all roles of

Geospatial data and information for realization of SDG in Indonesia.
Just examples are presented.

Hasanuddin Z. Abidin (2020)

3

Introduction on Geospatial
4
Geospatial: Scope and Importance

GEOSPATIAL Everything happens

Ref: Jack Dangermond (ESRI), 2019 in a certain location!
Sensing
MEASUREMENT
VISUALIZATION &
MAPPING
ANALYSIS & In order to increase
MODELING its values, impacts, and
Understanding benefits, geospatial data
Provides the Framework . . .
PLANNING and information should
. . . And Process
& DESIGN be integrated with other
data and information,
Responding such as statistical, social,
DECISION
Tujuan MAKING
economic, population,
ACTION environmental, financial,
Pembangunan
Supporting Various and other data.
Berkelanjutan
Sustainable Development
Dalam Berbagai
Related-Activities
Sektor Hasanuddin Z. Abidin (2020)
5
Geospatial: Activities and Knowledges
Positioning,
Surveying, GEODESY
and
Mapping
Navigation, GEOGRAPHY GEOMATICS
Earth
Tracking &
Observation
Surveillance
GEOSPATIAL
GEOSPATIAL
Related
Main
Related
Activities DATA Main Body of
INFORMATICS
Spatial SCIENCE Knowledges
Imaging and
Analysis &
Scanning
Modeling

Spatial
Planning & EARTH SPATIAL
Design SCIENCES PLANNING

Hasanuddin Z. Abidin (2020)

6
Geospasial Data & Information Data Information Knowledge Wisdom

Geospatial Data is data about the location,

dimensions or size, and/or characteristics of Geospatial Information is geospatial data that has
natural and/or man-made objects that are below, been processed so that it can be used as a tool in
on, or above the earth's surface. policy formulation, decision making and/or
implementation of activities related to earth space.

• Location : (L,B,h) or (X,Y,Z)

Geospatial
• Shape : Point, Line, Area (Poligon)
Element
• Information : Object Attributes

Distance Angle Height Coordinates

Examples
Aerial Photos Terrestrial Photos Tides of Geospatial
Satellite Image Point Cloud Gravity Data

Geodetic Control Networks Base Map Examples

Bathymetric Map Thematic Map DEM of Geospatial
Information
City Model Building Model DSM

Hasanuddin Z. Abidin (2020)

7
Geospatial Information in Indonesia
Based on UU 4/2011 Ina GNSS CORS Static GPS Network
and UU 11/2020
Geodetic
Control InaTides Leveling Network
Networks
Executor: BIG
InaGeoid Gravity Network
IGD
• Coastline
• Hypsographic ✓ Base maps covering land and sea
• Hydrographic areas, including the coastal area.
• Geographic Name
Basemap • Administrative Boundary ✓ Scale of base maps: 1: 1K (specific
• Transportation & Utility area according to needs), 1: 5K,
Geospatial
• Building & Social Facility 1: 25K, 1: 50K, 1: 250K, 1: 1,000K.
Information • Land Cover

IGT
Executors: Ministries, Agencies,
Local Governments, Society
Sectoral IGT
Legend:
National Strategic IGD = Basic Geospatial Information
(Non-Sectoral) IGT IGT = Thematic Geospatial Information
Hasanuddin Z. Abidin (2020)
Integrated IGT
8
Geospatial in the Industry 4.0 Era

Maps

Data

Smart Objects

Visuali-
Analytics
sation

Change is our currency !

Ref: Ordnance Survey, 2019

Ref: Geospatial Media and Communications, 2018

Hasanuddin Z. Abidin (2020)

9
Top Geospatial Trends of 2020
by by Dr. Qassim Abdullah
Major Geospatial Technology Chief Scientist, Woolpert

Trends for 2019

by Aditya Chaturvedi Lidar, Lidar,
Everywhere
Seamless Geospatial
Mapping as Think Small:
availability AI or BIM+GIS
a Service Miniaturize
of EO data Geo.AI
(MaaS) d Sensors
Data
Democratization:
Mapping as Big Data Needs
Smart Cities Drones Big Tools
a Service
A “Smart” Living in the
Revolution Cloud

Autonomous Miniaturization Marrying

vehicles of sensors BIM to GIS https://woolpert.com/media/
blogs/geospatial/top-
geospatial-trends-of-2020/
https://www.geospatialworld.net/blogs/
major-geospatial-technology-trends-for-2019/

Hasanuddin Z. Abidin (2020)

10

Geospatial Data and Information

for Sustainable National Development
11
Geospatial for National Development
Geospatial Data and Maritime area about 63%
Information are very much
needed to develop and manage
the vast Indonesian territory
and its natural resources in
an effective, efficient and
sustainable manner.
About 5000 km

INDONESIA has
vast (land and maritime)
territory, many islands,
and abundant land and
marine resources.
Geospatial Data and
Information should be
integrated with other
Non-Spatial Data and
Information, to make it
more beneficial.
• Sustainable Development
• Natural Resource Management
• Disaster Mitigation and Adaptation
• National Defense and Security
• Agrarian and Spatial Planning
• Digital Economic Development

National Development Paradigm of Indonesia : THIS (Thematic, Holistic, Integrative, Spatial)

Hasanuddin Z. Abidin (2020)
12
Geospatial for National Development
National Development in Various Sectors
(Planning, Implementation, Monitoring, Evaluation, Control)

One Map Policy

Thematic Mapping Base Mapping

(Cadastre, Agriculture, Environment, (Topography and Bathymetry)
Forestry, Hazard Mitigation, etc.)
• Multi-Thema, Multi-Producer, Multi-Quality
• Should refer to the same Base Map Geospatial Data Acquisition
(eg. Photo, Lidar, IfSAR, TLS,Satellite Images)

+
Indonesian Geospatial Geodetic Reference Frames
Reference System, IGRS 2013 (GNSS CORS + Static, Tides, Gravity, Geoid)

Hasanuddin Z. Abidin (2020)

13
One Map Policy for National Development
All Thematic Maps Accurate, reliable,
should be integrated accessible, and
accountable
and synchronized THEMATIC geospatial
before being used for MAPS information.
supporting National
Development related One Map Policy (OMP) Goals
programs and
• One Georeference
activities. • One Standard
Base Map • One Database
• One Geoportal
ONE MAP POLICY
Compilation
34 Provincies
Presidential Regulation Integration
No. 9/2016: Regarding the 85 Thematic Maps
acceleration of implementation Synchronization
of One Map Policy on Geodetic 19 Ministries/Agencies
1:50.000 scale map accuracy.
Reference Frame Data Sharing
Issued on 4 February 2016. OMP Participants
OMP Programs
Hasanuddin Z. Abidin (2020)
14
Geospatial for Sustainable Development
Without the location Location:
attribute, data and the connector between
information are less Social, Economic and
meaningful and Environmental data
make decision
making difficult.

Geospatial Data and Information

Ref: UN-GGIM (2018)
Hasanuddin Z. Abidin (2020)
(integrated with other necessary
Data and Information)
15
Geospatial for One Data Indonesia
Presidential Decree 39/2019

Utilization of One Data Indonesia

Ref: Kementerian PPN/Bappenas (2020) State Finance Data

One Data Standard

Integrated and Synchronized

Urgent Needs
Demographic Data

One Standard Metadata

DATA

Statistical Data

Data Interoperability Realization of SDGs

Geospatial Data

One Reference Code

Big Data
Development Planning
Geospatial Data will have important roles for and Budgeting
realization of One Data Indonesia in Indonesia
Other Data
Hasanuddin Z. Abidin (2020)
16
Geospatial for Large Scale
(1:5000)
One Map One Data
Sustainable Development Basemaps
Policy Indonesia

Seamless
Data Sharing Participatory
availability
& Accessibility Mapping
Gini Ratio
Williamson of EO data
Index
Enablers & Drivers
New Growth Internet
Theil Index
Center of Things

HDI Conectivity Inclusive

Economy Mapping as
a Service

GEOSPATIAL
DATA AND
INFORMATION
as INTEGRATION &
Sustainability
COORDINATION TOOLS

Needs of Stakeholders
Central and Local Livable
Social Equity
Governments People
Business,
Environment
Private
NGO

Ref: Kementerian PPN/Bappenas (2018)

Hasanuddin Z. Abidin (2020)
17
Geospatial for Development of Smart Cities

Geospatial Data and Information

53.3% 66.6% will have important roles for
(2015) (2035) the development and
Percentage of Indonesia’s population
lives in urban areas/cities (Projection of operationalization of
Indonesian Population, 2010-2035, BPS) Smart Cities
Internet in Indonesia.
Drones, UAV
of Things
Enablers & Drivers
Hasanuddin Z. Abidin (2020)
Seamless Large Scale Geospatial
Mapping as High Density
availability (1:1000) Artificial BIM + GIS
a Service Surveying
of EO data Basemaps Inteligence
18
Geospatial for Location Based Services
Geospatial Data and Information will have
important roles for various Location Based
Services and E-Commerce programs and
activities in Indonesia.

Several LBS players in Indonesia

Ref: https://datareportal.com/reports/digital-2020-indonesia

Hasanuddin Z. Abidin (2020)

19
Geospatial for
Disaster Risk Reduction
Management (DRRM)
• Natural disasters are latent hazards in Indonesia.
• Many peoples (> 40%) in Indonesia reside in areas
that are vulnerable to natural disasters.
• Therefore its mitigation and adaptation
must be handled by a sustainable DRRM.
From: Simandjuntak and Barber (1996)

INDONESIA is an archipelago with

tectonically active settings, and therefore
prone towards many natural hazards.

Geospatial Data and Information

should play sustainable roles for
supporting DRRM related activities.
Hasanuddin Z. Abidin (2020)
20
Geospatial for Disaster Risk
Reduction Management (DRRM)
Early Warning

Preparedness
INDONESIA
is an archipelago DRRM
with tectonically Cycle
active settings,
and therefore
prone towards
many natural
hazards.
From: Simandjuntak and Barber (1996)

Enablers Large Scale Seamless

One Map One Data Geospatial Data and Information
(1:5000) availability
& Drivers Basemaps
Policy Indonesia
of EO data will have important roles for many
InaTEWS, activities of the DRRM Priorities.
Data Sharing Participatory Internet
Drones, UAV InaCORS,
& Accessibility Mapping of Things
and InaTides Hasanuddin Z. Abidin (2020)
21

Geospatial Data and Information

for Realization of SDGs
22
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
• The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), also known
as the Global Goals, were adopted by all UN Member
States in 2015 as a universal call to action to end
poverty, protect the planet and ensure that
all people enjoy peace and prosperity by 2030.

• The 17 SDGs are integrated, that is, they recognize

that action in one area will affect outcomes
in others, and that development must balance
social, economic and environmental sustainability.

• Through the pledge to Leave No One Behind,

countries have committed to fast-track progress for
those furthest behind first. That is why the SDGs are
Ref: UN-GGIM (2018),
https://www.undp.org/
designed to bring the world to several life-changing
‘zeros’, including zero poverty, hunger, AIDS and
discrimination against women and girls.

Hasanuddin Z. Abidin (2020)

23
Dukungan Informasi Geospasial
Untuk Tujuan Pembangunan Berkelanjutan (SDGs)
Sustainable Development Goals
17 Goal, 169 Target, 232 Indikator (Nasional : 319)

Dukungan Informasi
Geospasial terutama pada
ketiga pilar:
✓ Pembangunan Sosial
✓ Pembangunan Ekonomi
✓ Pembangunan Lingkungan
✓ Setidaknya mendukung
12 dari 17 Tujuan SDG.
Ref: Kemen PPN/Bappenas (2018)
24
Geospatial for Realization of SDGs

Base
Statistical and Realization
Geospatial Data
and Information
+ Other Data of SDGs

+
Thematic
Geospatial Data
and Information Hasanuddin Z. Abidin (2020)
25 Established and
Geodetic Reference Frames of Indonesia maintained by

GEODETIC CONTROL NETWORK: 7153 Stations (2018) TIDE GAUGES STATIONS: 159 Stations (2019)

InaCORS : GPS CORS of 237 Stations (2019)

GEOID MODEL (2019)

Accuracy: ≈ 15-20 cm
It will be useful for:
SDG-9: Industry, Innovation & Infrastructure Hasanuddin Z. Abidin (2020)
26
Basemap (Topography) for Realization of SDGs

Availability of base maps

(topography) at various scales
(BIG, 2020)

Large Scale Map will be useful for: 1:250.000 Skala Peta

SDG-9 : Industry, Innovation Medium Scale Map will be useful for: 1:50.000 1:10.000
and Infrastructure SDG-11 : Sustainable Cities and
1:25.000 1:5.000
SDG-11 : Sustainable Cities and Communities
Communities SDG-15 : Life on Land

Hasanuddin Z. Abidin (2020)

27
Basemap (Coastal and Marine) for Realization of SDGs

Availability of base maps (coastal and marine) It will be useful for: Hasanuddin Z. Abidin (2020)

at various scales (BIG, 2020) SDG-13 : Climate Action

SDG-14 : Life Below Water
28
Digital Aerial Photos and LIDAR Images for Realization of SDGs
Availability of Digital Aerial Photo Data and LIDAR Images until 2019 (BIG, 2019)

Ref: BIG (2019)

Ref: BIG (2019)

It will be useful for:

SDG-9 : Industry, Innovation
and Infrastructure
SDG-11 : Sustainable Cities
and Communities

Hasanuddin Z. Abidin (2020)

29
High Resolution Satellite Images for Realization of SDGs

High Resolution (Orthorectified)

Satellite Image Coverage in
Indonesia (Dec. 2019)

Maxar.com

Ref: BIG (2020)

It will be useful for:

SDG-9 : Industry, Innovation
and Infrastructure
SDG-15 : Life on Land

Hasanuddin Z. Abidin (2020)

https://spacenews.com/ https://www.satimagingcorp.com/
30
National DEM for Realization of SDGs
Ref: BIG (2020)
SPOT 5/6 & SRTM
Airborne IFSAR (2003 – 2012)
Spaceborne TerraSAR-X (2010 – 2014)
Spaceborne ALOS PALSAR
Aerial Photos (1992 – 1997)
National DEM (Digital Elevation
Model) or DEMNAS, has a spatial
resolution (distance between
data) is about 8 m, and based on
EGM2008 vertical datum.
National Digital Elevation Model and National
Bathymetry, open and accessible to the public
It will be useful for:
without paying from the following link:
SDG-9 : Industry, Innovation
http://tides.big.go.id/DEMNAS/
and Infrastructure
SDG-15 : Life on Land
Hasanuddin Z. Abidin (2020)
31
National Bathymetry
for Realization of SDGs
National Bathymetry (BATNAS)
is formed from the results of
inversion of gravity anomaly data
from almetry data processing, by also
adding sounding data conducted by
BIG, NGDC, BODC, BPPT, LIPI, P3GL
and other institutions with single or
multibeam surveys.

The spatial resolution (distance

between data) of BATNAS is about
180 m using the MSL datum.

Ref: BIG (2020) It will be useful for:

SDG-9 : Industry, Innovation & Infrastructure
SDG-14 : Life Below Water

National Bathymetry (BATNAS), open and accessible to the public

without paying from the following link: http://tides.big.go.id/DEMNAS/
Hasanuddin Z. Abidin (2020)
32
Thematic Maps for Realization of SDGs
Various
SOCIAL
Thematic Maps One Data Indonesia
• Society
• Poverty ECONOMIC One Map Policy
• Food Security • Well-being
17 Goals
• Education • Cities Integrated with
• Health • Water Resources 169 Targets
Statistical and 232 Indicators
• Population • Energy Resources
• Employment • Natural Resources
Other Data (Indonesia = 319)
• Water • Infrastructure
• Sanitation • Industry
• Equality • Sanitation
• Gender • Economy
• Governance • MSM Enterprises
Preferred features
of Thematic Maps:
ENVIRONMENTAL • Large Scale Sources of Thematic Maps in Indonesia:
• Water Balance • Agriculture • 3D Digital • Ministries and Agencies
• Seas/Oceans • Climate Change
• Up to date • Local Governments (Provinces, Districts, Cities, Villages)
• Lakes/Rivers • Biodiversity
• Land Use/Cover • Natural Hazards • Village based • Private Parties
• Ecosystems • Pollution • Standardized • Non Governmental Organizations (NGOs)
• Forests • Easily accessible • Society at Large

Hasanuddin Z. Abidin (2020)

33
Examples of Thematic Maps
for Realization of SDGs

Thematic Maps related to Poverty (BIG, 2018):

A. Percentage of Poor Population
B. Number of Poor Households
C. Poor Settlements It will be useful for:
A SDG-1 : No Poverty

Hasanuddin Z. Abidin (2020)

34
Examples of Thematic Maps for Realization of SDGs

Map of Irrigated Rice Fields (BIG, 2018)

Map of Rice Fields (BIG, 2018)

It will be useful for:

SDG-2 : No Hunger

Hasanuddin Z. Abidin (2020)

35
Examples of Thematic Maps for Realization of SDGs

Map of Water Resources Balance (BIG, 2017) Map of Land Resources Balance (BIG, 2017)

It will be useful for: It will be useful for:

SDG-6: Clean Water and Sanitation SDG-11: Sustainable Cities and Communities

Hasanuddin Z. Abidin (2020)

36
Examples of Thematic Maps for Realization of SDGs
Map of Oil Palm Area (BIG, 2017) Map of Peatland Carbon Stocks (BIG, 2017)

It will be useful for: It will be useful for:

SDG-7: Affordable and Clean Energy SDG-13: Climate Action

Hasanuddin Z. Abidin (2020)

37
Examples of Thematic Maps for Realization of SDGs
Indonesia has several types of • Characteristics of Waters • Seagrass Field
thematic maps related to Marine • Salt Field • Basic Subtract
• Algae Macro • Coral reefs
Ecosystems, namely (BIG, 2018):
• Mangroves • Small island

It will be useful for: SDG-14 : Life Below Water Hasanuddin Z. Abidin (2020)
38
Examples of Thematic Atlas for Realization of SDGs

Atlas untuk usia 3 – 8 tahun Ref: BIG (2018) Atlas Pendidikan SMP

Peta Taktual Dunia Atlas Audio Taktual

Atlas Taktual Indonesia Globe Taktual
It will be useful for:
SDG-4 : Quality Education Hasanuddin Z. Abidin (2020)
39
Geospatial Data Sharing Established and
maintained by

Geospatial Data and Information is housed in InaGeoportal:

http://tanahair.indonesia.go.id and can be freely downloaded by public

It will be useful for: At present, only

SDG-17: Partnership “One Map Policy” maps
Topographic National One Map Basic Disaster
for the Goals Map (RBI) DEM Policy Maps Maps Maps are restricted to public.
Hasanuddin Z. Abidin (2020)
40
Indonesian SDGs Dashboard
http://sdgs.bappenas.go.id/dashboard/#!/pages/landingPage.html

Hasanuddin Z. Abidin (2020)

41
Example of Integration of Spatial and Statistical Data for SDGs
http://sdgs.bappenas.go.id/

Percentage of population living

National Value below the poverty line National Value Gini Index
(2019) = 9.41% SDG-1 : Indicator 1.2.1. (2019) = 0.380 SDG-10 : Indicator 10.1.1.

Gross Enrollment Rate Percentage of children aged 0-4

National Value of High School Level National Value who have a birth certificate
(2019) = 83.98% SDG-4 : Indicator 4.1.1.(f) (2018) = 71.92% SDG-16 : Indicator 16.9.1

Maps should be made up to the district /city level, even to the village level if possible. Hasanuddin Z. Abidin (2020)
42 Map of Density and Percentage Map of
Distribution of Individuals Owning
Health Workers Cell Phones

Example of Integration of Spatial and Statistical Data for SDGs (BIG, 2020)
Map of Map of the Death
Electrification Ratio Rate Due to Suicide

Hasanuddin Z. Abidin (2020)

43

Closing Remarks
44
Geospatial for Realization of SDGs

Statistical Data
Integrated and Realization
Synchronized of SDGs
State Finance Demographic
Data Data
Geospatial Geospatial Leave No One
Data Enablements Behind

Big Data Other Data

• Geospatial Data and Information (in integration with Statistical and Other Data
and information) has important and strategic roles for realization of SDGs.
• Several geospatial enablements initiatives are needed, to optimize the roles of
geospatial data and information for realization of SDGs.

Hasanuddin Z. Abidin (2020)

45
Geospatial Enablements for the SDGs
Spatial enablement should be an ongoing, systematic, and inclusive process,
involving the governmental and non-governmental parties at large.

The major components in charting a geospatial roadmap towards the

implementation of the SDGs. From (Greg Scott and Abbas Rajabifard, 2020) From: (Maryam Rabiee, 2020)

Hasanuddin Z. Abidin (2020)

46
Bridging the Geospatial Digital Divide
Global Perspective Indonesia still needs to resolve
several geospatial divide related
matters, such as:
• Limited and incomplete coverage of
large scale base and thematic maps
(scale of 1:1000 and 1:5000).
• Differences in quality, accuracy, and
availability of (social, economic, and
environmental) thematic maps.

Leave • Standardized and harmonized integration

No One between geospatial with statistical and
Behind other data, that still need to be improved.
• Several geospatial enablements related
From (Greg Scott and Abbas Rajabifard, 2020). to human resources, geoliteration,
Building upon the criteria and gaps of the digital divide - the digital access, institutional arrangements, standards
digital adoption and digital value gaps; there are a number of additional and and regulations, as well as service
critical ‘gaps’ that contribute to the ‘geospatial’ dimensions of the digital improvements, should be carried out.
divide - the data ecosystem, geospatial technology, and geospatial policy gaps.

Hasanuddin Z. Abidin (2020)

47
Things to do in the near future …
• Only province level of SDGs data
SDGs Data Availability (Indonesia) is available at present. SDGs data
at district, city and village levels
should be produced immediately.
• SDGs data related to Goals 12, 13,
14 and 15 must be prepared
immediately.
• Cooperation and coordination
between related ministries,
agencies and local governments
must be optimized.
• In addition to government agencies,
the involvement of non-profit,
http://sdgs.bappenas.go.id/dashboard/ private and civic organizations in
general should be integrated and
encouraged.

Hasanuddin Z. Abidin (2020)

48

Terima Kasih (Thank You)

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