BADAN INFORMASI GEOSPASIAL

Geospatial-Powered Digital
Transformation

Ibnu Sofian and M. Fifik Syafiudin

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INTRODUCTION

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 Smart Society 5.0 and geospatial industries
“Connecting people, data and technology to transform the world’s
infrastructure” (Ronggowarsito, 77)
Digital transformation is not just about disruption or technology. It’s
about value, people, optimization and the capability to rapidly adapt
when such is needed through an intelligent use of technologies and
information. (Betal Jemur Adamakna, 117)

(ARUP, 2017)

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Center of Excellence

(GeoBuiz, 2019)
Draft 0 - Subject To be Discussed
 Digital Transformation
Digital transformation is not just about disruption or
technology. It’s about value, people, optimization and
the capability to rapidly adapt when such is needed
through an intelligent use of technologies and
information.
BIG adalah pemain utama untuk suksesnya RI 5.0

(Hitachi-U.Tokyo, 2018)

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 Economic impacts of Geospatial Industries
Australia Amerika
Economic impacts: US$ 12.5 Billion o Economic impacts: US$ 1.6 Trillion
(ACIL Tasman, 2008) o Geospatial industry annual revenue:
US$75 Billion
o Providing jobs for 500,000 peoples
(BCG, 2012).

Indonesia (?)
o Economic. impacts: US$ 80 milyar
o Geospatial industry annual revenue :
US$3 milyar

Fundamental elements of geospatial

industry:
1. Technology
2. Human Resources
3. GNSS/ Positioning
4. EO industry . base and thematic
maps
 Geospatial Business

Smart City and IoT Big Data Analysis Mobile Map Industry Indoor Positioning
$421 Billion $48.6 Billion $26.6 Billion $4.4 Billion

Ref:
https://www.geospatialworld.net/
blogs/your-future-geospatial-
business-and-job-opportunities-
are-here/
Cloud Computing Open Data Location Based Services
$3 trillion Grow 8.3%/year
$127 Billion
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Spatial Planning

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 The Role & Function of BIG:
to carry out government duties in the field of Geospatial Information
• IGD is a geo-
reference frame for
IGT to ensure the
alignment of
National Geospatial Reference of Thematic
Information Geospatial Information
Development
IGD
BIG has wider duties and functions, not only coordinate and Development
implement activities in surveying and mapping, but also
produce the Geospatial Information that can be accounted,
accurate, reliable, and easily accessible. • BIG coordinate the
preparation of
integrated IGT based
on the norms,
standards, and Fostering and
REGULATOR EXECUTOR guidelines set by BIG Integration of Thematic
Geospatial Information
Single Provider for
Formulate policies and IGT
Basic Geospatial
prepare laws related to Development
Information (IGD),
the implementation of
Article 22.
development
Geospatial • To fulfill the mandate
Information that the Geospatial
Information is easily
COORDINATOR accessible, BIG build
JIGN as an umbrella law Sharing and
that strengthens Dissemination of
Coordinate the development and Presidential Decree
integration of Thematic Geospatial Information
• PerPres No.27/2014
Geospatial Information. IIG
Development
 Multi-Scales Topographic Base Maps and
Its Main Utilization in Indonesia

Program Required Basemap/RBI

One Map Policy 1 : 50.000
New Harbour Development (Tol Laut) 1 : 10.000
Village Mapping 1 : 5.000
Detail Spatial Planning (RDTR) 1 : 5.000
Peatland Management 1 : 2.500
Special. Economic Zone Development 1 : 5.000
Smart City Development 1 : 1.000
Acceleration of Land Registration 1 : 500 - 1 : 5.000
Hazard Mitigation and Adaptation 1 : 1.000 - 1 : 5.000

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Availability of Multi-Scales Indonesian National Base Maps

Acquisition time span of data source:

 1:5.000 (2013-2020)
 Medium and small scale (1990s except
Sumatra & Sulawesi 2000s, partial
updates of Kalimantan & Sumatra in
2018)

1 : 5.000
1 : 10.000
1 : 25.000
1 : 50.000
1 : 250.000
Availability of Large-scale Base Map 1:5.000
SK KaBIG No 26.4 Tahun 2021: Registered Base Map Available 40.126 km2 (7.531 NLP) of 1.870.830 km2 (2020)
period 1999-2020 < 2.5 % of total area of Indonesia
Date: 3 May 2021 3.2 % of total non-forested area of Indonesia
The Important Role of Acceleration Program in the Provision
of Large Scale Base Map (1:5.000)

Support Acceleration of
Support Online Single
the Detailed Spatial
Submision
Planning (RDTR)

Acceleration Program in
Support Disaster
the Provision of Large
Prevention & Mitigation
Scale Base Map (1:5.000)
Investment and National
Economy Recovery
Support One Map
after Pandemic Covid-
Policy
19

Thus, the availability of a 1:5,000 scale base map is urgently needed

for the acceleration of investment and also to recover the national
economy after the Covid-19 pandemic.
ACCELERATION OF LARGE-SCALE MAPPING

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Geographical Characteristics of Indonesia - Challenging Area for Topo Base
Mapping

 Area : 1.9 million Km2

Population
 Archipelagic country (16.677 named islands) density
 Population : 267.7 million (2018)
 Population density : 151 people per Km2 (56.7 % live in
Java)
 Topographically varies from flat to mountainous (up to
6500 meter AGL)
 Highly covered by cloud
 Complex environment and landscape
 Another challenge: huge volume of data (processing,
handling and management)

Satellite Image Topography

Cloud Coverage and Altitude in Indonesia

info LAPAN: April-Mei (clear window) LC (Low-level Clouds): < 1,981.2 m (< 6,500 ft.)
MC (Mid-level Clouds): 1,981.2 – 7,010.4 m (6,500 to 23,000
ft.)
 Examples of complex environment (1)
Small road in slum Multi-storey
Dense Settlement settlement Building

Lean building Dense slum settlement

“The key to artificial intelligence has

always been the representation.”

—Jeff Hawkins
 Examples of complex environment (2)

House covered by trees Cemetery Various roof types

Base Map (Basic Geospatial Information) ADMIN.
BOUNDARY
DETERMINATION
PRODUCTION LINES Cartometric Lines &
Boundary Post :
• Administrative
• International

GEODETIC BASE GEOSPATIAL

GEOSPATIAL DATA GEOSPATIAL DATA FIELD
CONTROL INFORMATION
ACQUISITION PROCESSING COMPLETION
NETWORK PRODUCTS

• Horizontal • Triangulation & Block • Geographical • Geodetic Control Net.

• Satellite Images
• Vertical Adjustment Names Survey • Seamless GeoDatabase:
• Aerial Photo
• Gravity & Ocean • Stereoscopic Restitution (Toponym & − RBI, LPI, LLN
• Interferometric
Tide & Compilation Odonym) − Batas Wilayah
• CORS & SRGI- SAR − Toponym / Gazeteer
• DEM & Contouring • Geometric &
• LIDAR − DEM, Ortho image
2013 • Ortho Image & Mosaic Semantic Accuracy
• Hydrographic & • Cartographic Present.
• Bathymetric Surveys
Coastline
• Coastline • Admin. Boundary
• Seamless GeoDatabase Surveys
• Metadata
• Cartographic GEOSPATIAL DATABASE
& DISSEMINATION

Production

Ina-Geoportal Publication
Status of Orthorectified High-res Satellite Imageries and Its Horizontal Accuracy (m)
(as of 2020)
Annual Processing Capacity of
Orthorectified High-res Satellite
Imageries
Year Area (km2)
2017 50.000
2018 100.000
2019 100.000
2020 200.000
TOTAL 450.000

Pixel Size : 50 cm
Acq. span : 2013 - 2015
Ortho : GCP + DEMnas
Characteristic of Base Map areas (AOI) at 1 : 5.000 scale for Detailed
Spatial Planning (RDTR) (2013 s/d 2020)

• 58.34% of the AOI is in

forest and
• 41.66% is in non-forest
area

Ibukota Provinsi

Urban area

AOI Peta Dasar 1 : 5000 (2013 – 2020)

Country-wide large scale base map (1:5.000)

is then urgently needed
 Advancement in Geospatial Technology

Ref: Geospatial Media and Communications,

2018

Utilize the
advancements in
geospatial
technology to
improve the
performance of
ONE MAP
POLICY
 Relative cost and accuracy of DEM generation technologies

$1,000
Aerial Photography accuracy vs processing time
trade-off

LiDAR - high speed

LiDAR
$100 acquisition/capturing but
Price (US $ / km2)

High Resolution slow processing speed and

Optical Satellite
editing
Airborne
Stereo Airborne
SAR InSAR depend on the landscape
$10 and topography
Satellite
characteristic
Stereo SAR Low Resolution
Optical Satellite
city/urban --> aerial photo
vegetated --> AP+LiDAR
$1
(modified from Richards, 2007)
100 10 1 0.1
Vertical Accuracy (m) RMS
Classification of Urban-Rural-Forest areas

Urban (91.493 km2)

Rural (852.374 km2)

Forest (924.090 km2)

TOTAL 1.864.276 km2

Geospatial Data Acquisition Technology for Large Scale Base Map Production

Acquisition INPUT Feature Extraction Processing* OUTPUT

AI
Technologies (Basic Geospatial Data) (Softwares Used) (Basic Geospatial Information)
Aerial Photo  Stereo Image Pairs  3D Stereo Photogrammetry
 EO (Summit Evolution)

Artificial Intelligence / Machine Learning / Deep Learning

 Mosaicked orthophoto  Editing & QC: attibuting, seamlessing,
topology & geodatabase
(GIS SW: ArcGIS, Supermap, QGIS,
etc)
IDEAL

Aerial Photo +  Stereo Image Pairs  3D Stereomate (Aerial Photo + LiDAR 1. Building and
LiDAR  Mosaicked orthophoto DEM) (Summit Evolution) Public

Acceleration Technology
 Classified point cloud  LiDAR classification (Terrasolid) Facilities
LiDAR  Editing & QC: attibuting, seamlessing, 2. Transportation
topology & geodatabase and Utilities
(GIS SW: ArcGIS, Supermap, QGIS, 3. Hypsography
etc) 4. Hydrography
Airborne SAR  Orthorectified Radar  3D Stereomate (ORI + DEM) 5. Coastline
6. Land Cover
OPTiMUM

(Synthetic Images (ORI) (Summit Evolution)

Aperture  Coloured Orthorectified  Editing & QC: attibuting, seamlessing, 7. Toponym
Radar) Radar Images (CORI) topology & geodatabase 3D and/or 2D 8. Administrative
 DSM (GIS SW: ArcGIS, Supermap, QGIS, seamless Boundary
 DTM etc) geodatabase
CSRT:  Ortho-images  2D Feature Extraction (*.gdb)
MINIMU

World View 1-4  Mosaicked ortho-image  Editing & QC: attibuting, seamlessing,
Pleiades topology & geodatabase
M

etc (GIS SW: ArcGIS, Supermap, QGIS,

etc)
*manual/visual interpretation
Geometrical Specification of Indonesian Large Scale Base Map
(1 : 5.000 )

① ② ③ Base Map Accuracy (m)

GCP AT
Accuracy (m) Accuracy (m) Class-1 Class-2 Class-3

H V H (CE90) V (LE90) H (CE90) V (LE90) H (CE90) V (LE90) H (CE90) V (LE90)

≤ 0.15 ≤ 0.15 ≤ 0.75 ≤ 0.50 ≤1 ≤1 ≤ 1.5 ≤ 1.5 ≤ 2.5 ≤ 2.5

① ② ③

Block
Bundle
Adjustment
Acceleration Program Scenario in the Provision of Large Scale Base Map
(1:5000)
*Data Acquisition (2 years) Technical Specification of Geospatial Data Acquisition

Airborne SAR Aerial Photo (AP) LiDAR

2021 2022 2023 Product Res/Acc Product Res/Acc Product Res/Acc

Geospatial Data Acquisition ORI 25 cm Orthofoto 15 cm Intensity 50 cm

(AIrborne SAR, Foto Udara, LiDAR) DSM ≤1m
Point
8-15 ppm
cloud
Areas & Technology Used (km2) DTM ≤1m DTM ≤1m
Urban 87.812 AP-LiDAR INS Enhanced-precise Geoid and Airborne Gravity Anomalies
1. Building and
Rural 852.374 Airborne Public Facilities
SAR

Continuous Base
Forest 924.090 + CSRT 2022 2023 2024 2. Transportation
and Utilities

Updating
Large Scale Base Map Production

Map
*Support and Readiness of 3. Hypsography 2025
Geodetic Infrastructure: (Automated Feature Extraction/AFE)
4. Hydrography
SRGI2103
 ina-CORS 5. Coastline
 ina-PASOET Multi-scale Base Map Production (3 years) 6. Land Cover
 ina-GEOID Scales 1:5000, 1:25.000, 7. Toponym
2022 2023 2024 1:50.000, 1:250.000, 8. Administrative
1:1.000.000
Boundary
Base Map Utilization and Commercialisation
 Sample of Large Scale Base Map 1:5000
Kebun Raya Bogor (2015)

Sumberdata:
Foto Udara 2014

SKL: 2015
3D Visualization
Kabupaten
Sampang

1
3D Visualization
Kabupaten
Sampang

2
3D Visualization
Kabupaten
Sampang

3
3D Visualization
Kabupaten
Sampang

4
country-wide 3D Large Scale Base Map
2022-2024
Acceleration Program in the Provision of Large Scale Base Map (1:5000):
Geospatial Data Acquisition Plan: 2022

Data Acquisition Technology

Urban AP - LiDAR
Rural & Airborne
Forest SAR+CSRT
Mapping Technology
Automated Feature Extraction (AFE)

Urban (48.589 km2)

Rural (478.112 km2)

Area 2021 2022 2023 Jumlah
Forest (219.823 km )
2
Urban 0 48.589 42.904 91.493
Rural 0 478.112 371.305 849.417
*Unit in square kilometer (km )
2
Forest 0 219.823 704.243 924.066
Total 0 746.524 1.118.452 1.864.976
Acceleration Program in the Provision of Large Scale Base Map (1:5000):
Geospatial Data Acquisition Plan: 2023

Data Acquisition Technology

Urban AP - LiDAR
Rural & Airborne
Forest SAR+CSRT
Mapping Technology
Automated Feature Extraction (AFE)

Urban (42.904 km2)

Rural (371.305 km2)

Area 2021 2022 2023 Jumlah
Forest (704.243 km )
2
Urban 0 48.589 42.904 91.493
Rural 0 478.112 371.305 849.417
*Unit in square kilometer (km2) Forest 0 219.823 704.243 924.066
Total 0 746.524 1.118.452 1.864.976
Acceleration Program in the Provision of Large Scale Base Map (1:5000):
3D Base Map Production Plan: 2022

Data Acquisition Technology

Urban AP - LiDAR
Rural & Airborne
Forest SAR+CSRT
Mapping Technology
Automated Feature Extraction (AFE)

Urban (22.188 km2)

Rural (250.728 km2)

Area 2022 2023 2024 Jumlah
Forest (87.856 km )
2
Urban 22.188 33.637 35.669 91.494
Rural 250.728 378.593 220.477 849.798
Forest 87.856 338.804 498.831 925.491
*Unit in square kilometer Total 360.772 751.034 754977 1.866.783
Acceleration Program in the Provision of Large Scale Base Map (1:5000):
3D Base Map Production Plan: 2023

Data Acquisition Technology

Urban AP - LiDAR
Rural & Airborne
Forest SAR+CSRT
Mapping Technology
Automated Feature Extraction (AFE)

Urban (33.637 km2)

Rural (378.593 km2)

Area 2022 2023 2024 Jumlah
Forest (338.804 km )
2
Urban 22.188 33.637 35.669 91.494
Rural 250.728 378.593 220.477 849.798
Forest 87.856 338.804 498.831 925.491
*Unit in square kilometer (km2) Total 360.772 751.034 754977 1.866.783
Acceleration Program in the Provision of Large Scale Base Map (1:5000):
3D Base Map Production Plan: 2024

Data Acquisition Technology

Urban AP - LiDAR
Rural & Airborne
Forest SAR+CSRT
Mapping Technology
Automated Feature Extraction (AFE)

Urban (35.669 km2)

Rural (220.477 km2)

Area 2022 2023 2024 Jumlah
Forest (498.831 km )
2
Urban 22.188 33.637 35.669 91.494
Rural 250.728 378.593 220.477 849.798
Forest 87.856 338.804 498.831 925.491
*Unit in square kilometer (km2) Total 360.772 751.034 754977 1.866.783
 Multi-scale Automated Base Map Production

Medium (1:25.000; 1:50.000) & small

(1:250.000; 1:500.000; 1:1.000.000)
scale base maps are produced from the
largest scale (1:1.000 & 1:5.000) by
automated generalisation process

1 : 1.000
1 : 5.000
 Automated Cartographic Map
1 : 25.000 Production
1 : 50.000  Country-wide homogenous data
sources:
1 : 250.000 • urban: aerial photo + LiDAR
1 : 500.000 • rural & forets: airborne SAR
1 : 1.000.000  Data Consistency of Base Maps
(from large to medium & small
scale) could be maintained
(spatially & temporally)
 Continuous Base Map Updating

Procedures & Mechanism of Base Map Updating

Base Map Layers / Features
No Description
Geodetic Control Network to be updated
Base Map (RBI)
(GCN)

• Periodic (1 to 5 years)
Updating time • Periodic (1 to 5 years)
1 • Non-periodic
period • Non-periodic

• GCN values → • Coordinates → updated SRGI,

horizontal/vertical coordinate coordinate changes due to
values, gravity values; tectonic plates motion;
• Sarana fisik JKG → pillar • Base map features → position,
Features to be
2 geodetic control point, geometry, attribute
updated
instrument geodetic ovation
station; dan/atau
• SRGI → definition, epoch, 1. Building and 5. Coastline
parameter Public Facilities 6. Land Cover
2. Transportation 7. Toponym
• Entirely area-based (according • Entirely area-based (according and Utilities 8. Administrati
to change detection) e.g, post to change detection) e.g, post
3 Updating coverage disaster disaster 3. Hypsography ve Boundary
• Partially feature-based • Partially feature-based 4. Hydrography
(according to change detection) (according to change detection)
Data Publishing

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 Implementation of Integrated Geospatial Information
NSDI : NATIONAL SECTORAL THEMATIC &
GEO-REFERENCE SYSTEM & BASE GEOSPATIAL INFORMATION
SPATIAL DATA BASE GEOSPATIAL DATA
GEOSPATIAL DATA PRODUCTIONS UTILIZATION & MODELING
INFRASTRUCTURE SHARING

Base Geospatial Data :

1. Coastline SPATIAL & DYNAMIC MODELING
2. Hypsographic
3. Hydrographic
4. Geographic Name Indonesia
5. Admin. Border GeoSpatial Portal
POLICY 6. Transportation
7. Building
8. Land Cover

GOVERNANCE National GEOLOCATION SERVICES &

DECISION SUPPORT-MAKING
Geospatial SYSTEM
Information
HUMAN
RESOURCES Sharing
and
Network National Digital Elevation Model
STANDARD
Nodes

GEODETIC REFERENCE APPLICATIONS

SYSTEM:
TECHNOLOGY • Horizontal & Vertical; SPATIAL PLANNING, NATURAL
• Gravity & Ocean Tide. RESOURCES, DISASTER,
GeoDatabase TRANSPORTATION, BUSINESS, ASSET
GEODETIC REFERENCE Production MANAGEMENT, LAND REGISTRATION, 3D
SERVICES: SMART CITY, TOURISM, DEFENSE, CRIME,
• CORS, Kinematics; …
• Geoid, e-Tide; GeoDatabase
Publication
• Geodynamic.
 Cloud Prototype Prototypes (NASA-EOSDIS)
3

2 Key
Archive Mgmt
Analytics Support
Application Hosting
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 HPC Technology

Sourc
Existing Data

Data

es
(web service) Existing Basic Geospatial Data Data Collecting

ESMF
Earth Modeling Systems

Data cleaning, processing and analysis

Development
Modified Data Developed Data

Data
Development Metadata
QA/QC
Create Downloadable Products
Create Web Services

Storage Tier

Architecture
Technical
Application Tier

Presentation Tier

Map Services

services
Web-
Ina-Geoportal as services User Interface

1.5 Pflops peak performance for computations and publishing

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 Outcome

BIG
1. Better customer experience
2. Reduced digital talent gap
3. Technologically independent
4. Cost reduction
5. Performance improvement
6. Agile Organization
Stakeholder
1. Perencanaan Pembangunan
Nasional/Daerah menjadi lebih
Masyarakat mudah
2. Mitigasi bencana
Terpenuhinya kebutuhan IG 3. Adaptasi perubahan iklim
masyarakat: 4. Navigasi
 service: 5. Pertambangan dll
 Web
 Aplikasi khusus lainnya
 API
 REST
 Data, information and knowledge

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Thanks!