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3BS02-Infineon Technologies
3BS02-Infineon Technologies
1, 21 May 2004
F3
ICE3AS02 / ICE3BS02
ICE3AS02G / ICE3BS02G
N e v e r s t o p t h i n k i n g .
F3
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Edition 2004-05-21
Published by Infineon Technologies AG,
St.-Martin-Strasse 53,
D-81541 München
© Infineon Technologies AG 1999.
All Rights Reserved.
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circuits, descriptions and charts stated herein.
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Information
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be endangered.
F3
ICE3AS02 / ICE3BS02
ICE3AS02G / ICE3BS02G
Off-Line SMPS Current Mode Controller
with integrated 500V Startup Cell
Product Highlights
• Leadfree DIP package PG-DIP-8-6
• Active Burst Mode to reach the lowest Standby Power test
Requirements < 100mW
• Protection features (Auto Restart Mode) to increase
robustness and safety of the system
• Adjustable Blanking Window for high load jumps to P-DSO-8-8
increase system reliability
Features Description
P DSO 8 3 6
• Active Burst Mode for lowest Standby Power The F3 Controller provides Active Burst Mode to reach the
@ light load controlled by Feedback Signal lowest Standby Power Requirements <100mW at no load.
• Fast load jump response in Active Burst Mode As the controller is always active during Active Burst
• 500V Startup Cell switched off after Start Up Mode, there is an immediate response on load jumps
• 100/67kHz internally fixed switching frequency without any black out in the SMPS. In Active Burst Mode
• Auto Restart Mode for Overtemperature Detection the ripple of the output voltage can be reduced <1%.
• Auto Restart Mode for VCC Overvoltage Detection Furthermore, to increase the robustness and safety of the
• Auto Restart Mode for Overload and Open Loop system, the device enters into Auto Restart Mode in the
• Auto Restart Mode for VCC Undervoltage cases of Overtemperature, VCC Overvoltage, Output
• Blanking Window for short duration high current Open Loop or Overload and VCC Undervoltage. By
• User defined Soft Start means of the internal precise peak current limitation, the
• Minimum of external components required dimension of the transformer and the secondary diode can
• Max Duty Cycle 72% be lowered which leads to more cost efficiency. An
• Overall tolerance of Current Limiting < ±5% adjustable blanking window prevents the IC from entering
• Internal PWM Leading Edge Blanking Auto Restart Mode or Active Burst Mode unintentionally in
• Soft switching for low EMI case of high load jumps.
Typical Application
+
Snubber Converter
CBulk DC Output
85 ... 270 VAC
-
CVCC
HV VCC
FB 2 7 VCC FB 2 7 VCC
CS 3 6 Gate CS 3 6 N.C.
HV 4 5 HV Gate 4 5 HV
Figure 1 Pin Configuration PG-DIP-8-6(top view) Figure 2 Pin Configuration P-DSO-8-8(top view)
Note: Pin 4 and 5 are shorted within the DIP
package.
FB (Feedback)
The information about the regulation is provided by the
FB Pin to the internal Protection Unit and to the internal
PWM-Comparator to control the duty cycle. The FB-
Signal controls in case of light load the Active Burst
Mode of the controller.
CS (Current Sense)
The Current Sense pin senses the voltage developed
on the series resistor inserted in the source of the
external PowerMOS. If CS reaches the internal
threshold of the Current Limit Comparator, the Driver
output is immediately switched off. Furthermore the
current information is provided for the PWM-
Comparator to realize the Current Mode.
Gate
The Gate pin is the output of the internal driver stage
connected to the Gate of an external PowerMOS.
HV (High Voltage)
The HV pin is connected to the rectified DC input
voltage. It is the input for the integrated 500V Startup
Cell.
GND (Ground)
The GND pin is the ground of the controller.
Figure 3
+
Converter
Version 1.1
CBulk Snubber DC Output
85 ... 270 VAC VOUT
-
CVCC
HV VCC
6.5V Power Management
Startup Cell
RSoftS 3.25k Internal Bias 6.5V
Voltage VCC
Reference
T2
GND
SoftS T3 1V
Undervoltage Lockout
Power-Down 15V
T1
Reset Duty Cycle Max 0.72 PWM Section
5k 8.5V
CSoftS Oscillator
VCC Duty Cycle
C1 max
& Spike
17V
Representative Blockdiagram
G1 Blanking
4.4V Clock
8.0us Soft Start Soft-Start
C11 Comparator
4.0V
Thermal Shutdown C7 & Gate
Tj >140°C G7 FF1 Driver
C2 1 S
4.0V R Q &
S1 1 G8
G9 Gate
G2
C3
7
5.4V PWM
6.5V
Comparator
ICE3AS02/G ICE3BS02/G
21 May 2004
F3
ICE3AS02 / ICE3AS02G / ICE3BS02 / ICE3BS02G
Functional Description
3 Functional Description
All values which are used in the functional description 3.2 Power Management
are typical values. For calculating the worst cases the
min/max values which can be found in section 4 VCC HV
Electrical Characteristics have to be considered.
Startup Cell
3.1 Introduction
The F3 is the further development of the F2 to meet the
requirements for the lowest Standby Power at
minimum load and no load conditions. A new fully Power Management
integrated Standby Power concept is implemented into Undervoltage Lockout
the IC in order to keep the application design easy. Internal Bias
15V
Compared to F2 no further external parts are needed to 8.5V
achieve the lowest Standby Power. An intelligent
Active Burst Mode is used for this Standby Mode. After 6.5V
Voltage
entering this mode there is still a full control of the Reference
power conversion by the secondary side via the same
optocoupler that is used for the normal PWM control.
The response on load jumps is optimized. The voltage
Auto Restart Mode
ripple on Vout is minimized. Vout is further on well
controlled in this mode. T1
DCmax t
3.25k
RSoftS T2 DC1
DC2
T3 1V
SoftS
CSoftS t1 t2 t
Soft Start Soft-Start
Comparator
Gate Driver Figure 6 Startup Phase
C7 &
By means of this extra charge stage, there is no delay
G7 in the beginning of the Startup Phase when there is still
no switching. Furthermore Soft Start is finished at 4V to
have faster the maximum power capability. The duty
C2
cycles DC1 and DC2 are depending on the mains and
4V the primary inductance of the transformer. The
limitation of the primary current by DC2 is related to
VSoftS = 4V. But DC1 is related to a maximum primary
current which is limited by the internal Current Limiting
0.85V
with CS = 1V. Therefore the maximum Startup Phase
is divided into a Soft Start Phase until t1 and a phase
x3.7 CS from t1 until t2 where maximum power is provided if
PWM OP demanded by the FB signal.
3.4 PWM Section The Gate Driver is active low at voltages below the
undervoltage lockout threshold VVCCoff.
0.72 PWM Section
Oscillator VCC
Duty
Cycle PWM-Latch
max
1
Clock Gate
Z1
Gate
Soft Start FF1 Driver
Comparator
1 S
R &
PWM G8 Q
Comparator G9
3.4.1 Oscillator
The oscillator generates a fixed frequency. The
switching frequency for ICE3AS02/G is fOSC = 100kHz CLoad = 1nF
and for ICE3BS02/G fOSC = 67kHz. A resistor, a
capacitor and a current source and current sink which
determine the frequency are integrated. The charging 5V
and discharging current of the implemented oscillator
capacitor are internally trimmed, in order to achieve a
very accurate switching frequency. The ratio of t
controlled charge to discharge current is adjusted to
reach a maximum duty cycle limitation of Dmax=0.72. Figure 9 Gate Rising Slope
Thus the leading switch on spike is minimized. When
3.4.2 PWM-Latch FF1 the external Power Switch is switched off, the falling
The oscillator clock output provides a set pulse to the shape of the driver is slowed down when reaching 2V
PWM-Latch when initiating the external Power Switch to prevent an overshoot below ground. Furthermore the
conduction. After setting the PWM-Latch can be reset driver circuit is designed to eliminate cross conduction
by the PWM comparator, the Soft Start comparator or of the output stage. During powerup when VCC is
the Current-Limit comparator. In case of resetting, the below the undervoltage lockout threshold VVCCoff, the
driver is shut down immediately. output of the Gate Driver is low to disable power
transfer to the seconding side.
3.4.3 Gate Driver
The Gate Driver is a fast totem pole gate drive which is
designed to avoid cross conduction currents and which
is equipped with a zener diode Z1 (see Figure 8) in
order to improve the control of the Gate attached power
transistors as well as to protect them against
undesirable gate overvoltages.
VSense
PWM Latch
FF1
Vcsth
tLEB = 220ns
Current Limiting
Propagation-Delay
Compensation
Vcsth
C10 Leading
Edge t
Blanking
PWM-OP 220ns Figure 11 Leading Edge Blanking
&
Each time when the external Power Switch is switched
G10 C12 on, a leading edge spike is generated due to the
0.257V primary-side capacitances and secondary-side rectifier
reverse recovery time. This spike can cause the gate
drive to switch off unintentionally. To avoid a premature
10k 1pF termination of the switching pulse, this spike is blanked
Active Burst
Mode D1 out with a time constant of tLEB = 220ns. During this
time, the gate drive will not be switched off.
Current Limiting is now possible in a very accurate way. 3.6 Control Unit
E.g. Ipeak = 0.5A with RSense = 2. Without Propagation
Delay Compensation the current sense threshold is set The Control Unit contains the functions for Active Burst
to a static voltage level Vcsth=1V. A current ramp of Mode and Auto Restart Mode. The Active Burst Mode
dI/dt = 0.4A/µs, that means dVSense/dt = 0.8V/µs, and a and the Auto Restart Mode are combined with an
propagation delay time of i.e. tPropagation Delay =180ns Adjustable Blanking Window which is depending on the
leads then to an Ipeak overshoot of 12%. By means of external Soft Start capacitor. By means of this
propagation delay compensation the overshoot is only Adjustable Blanking Window, the IC avoids entering
about 2% (see Figure 13). into these two modes accidentally. Furthermore it also
provides a certain time whereby the overload detection
is delayed. This delay is useful for applications which
with compensation without compensation
normally works with a low current and occasionally
V require a short duration of high current.
1,3
1,15
1,1
SoftS
1,05 6.5V
1
RSoftS
0,95 5k
0,9
0 0,2 0,4 0,6 0,8 1 1,2 1,4 1,6 1,8 2 V
dVSense µs 4.4V
dt
1
S1
Figure 13 Overcurrent Shutdown G2
The Propagation Delay Compensation is realized by
means of a dynamic threshold voltage Vcsth (see Figure
14). In case of a steeper slope the switch off of the
driver is earlier to compensate the delay. C3
5.4V
VOSC max. Duty Cycle
& Auto
4.8V
Restart
C4 Mode
G5
off time
Active
VSense Propagation Delay t
Burst
Mode
Vcsth
&
FB
G6
C5
1.32V
now be charged further by the integrated pull up 3.6.2.1 Entering Active Burst Mode
resistor RSoftS. The comparator C3 releases the gates The FB signal is always observed by the comparator
G5 and G6 once VSofts has exceeded 5.4V. Therefore C5 if the voltage level falls below 1.32V. In that case the
there is no entering of Auto Restart Mode possible switch S1 is released which allows the capacitor CSoftS
during this charging time of the external capacitor to be charged starting from the clamped voltage level
CSoftS. The same procedure happens to the external at 4.4V in normal operating mode. If VSoftS exceeds
Soft Start capacitor if a low load condition is detected 5.4V the comparator C3 releases the gate G6 to enter
by comparator C5 when VFB is falling below 1.32V. the Active Burst Mode. The time window that is
Only after VSoftS has exceeded 5.4V and VFB is still generated by combining the FB and SoftS signals with
below 1.32V Active Burst Mode is entered. gate G6 avoids a sudden entering of the Active Burst
Mode due to large load jumps. This time window can be
3.6.2 Active Burst Mode adjusted by the external capacitor CSoftS.
The controller provides Active Burst Mode for low load After entering Active Burst Mode a burst flag is set and
conditions at VOUT. Active Burst Mode increases the internal bias is switched off in order to reduce the
significantly the efficiency at light load conditions while current consumption of the IC down to approx. 1.05mA.
supporting a low ripple on VOUT and fast response on In this Off State Phase the IC is no longer self supplied
load jumps. During Active Burst Mode which is so that therefore CVCC has to provide the VCC current
controlled only by the FB signal the IC is always active (see Figure 17). Furthermore gate G11 is then released
and can therefore immediately response on fast to start the next burst cycle once VFB has 3.4V
changes at the FB signal. The Startup Cell is kept exceeded.
switched off to avoid increased power losses for the It has to be ensured by the application that the VCC
self supply. remains above the Undervoltage Lockout Level of 8.5V
SoftS to avoid that the Startup Cell is accidentally switched
6.5V
on. Otherwise power losses are significantly increased.
The minimum VCC level during Active Burst Mode is
5k RSoftS depending on the load conditions and the application.
The lowest VCC level is reached at no load conditions
Internal Bias at VOUT.
4.4V
3.6.2.2 Working in Active Burst Mode
S1 After entering the Active Burst Mode the FB voltage
Current rises as VOUT starts to decrease due to the inactive
Limiting
PWM section. Comparator C6a observes the FB signal
& if the voltage level 4V is exceeded. In that case the
C3 internal circuit is again activated by the internal Bias to
G10
5.4V start with switching. As now in Active Burst Mode the
gate G10 is released the current limit is only 0.257V to
4.8V reduce the conduction losses and to avoid audible
C4 noise. If the load at VOUT is still below the starting level
for the Active Burst Mode the FB signal decreases
Active down to 3.4V. At this level C6b deactivates again the
Burst internal circuit by switching off the internal Bias. The
FB C5 & Mode gate G11 is released as after entering Active Burst
1.32V G6 Mode the burst flag is set. If working in Active Burst
Mode the FB voltage is changing like a saw tooth
between 3.4V and 4V (see Figure 17).
C6a
4.0V
3.6.2.3 Leaving Active Burst Mode
& The FB voltage immediately increases if there is a high
C6b G11 load jump. This is observed by comparator C4. As the
3.4V current limit is ca. 26% during Active Burst Mode a
Control Unit certain load jump is needed that FB can exceed 4.8V.
At this time C4 resets the Active Burst Mode which also
Figure 16 Active Burst Mode
The Active Burst Mode is located in the Control Unit.
Figure 16 shows the related components.
blocks C12 by the gate G10. Maximum current can now 3.6.3 Protection Mode (Auto Restart Mode)
be provided to stabilize VOUT. In order to increase the SMPS system’s robustness
and safety, the IC provides the Auto Restart Mode as a
VFB protection feature. The Auto Restart Mode is entered
Entering Active Leaving Active upon detection of the following faults in the system:
Burst Mode Burst Mode
4.80V • VCC Overvoltage
4.00V • Overtemperature
3.40V • Overload
• Open Loop
1.32V • VCC Undervoltage
• Short Optocoupler
VSoftS t
Blanking Window
SoftS 6.5V Control Unit
5.40V RSoftS
CSoftS
5k
4.40V VCC
C1 &
4.4V 17V Spike
G1
VCS t
Blanking
8.0us
C11
4.0V
Thermal Shutdown
Current limit level during Tj >140°C
1.00V
Active Burst Mode
S1
0.257V
4.8V
VVCC t FB C4 & Auto Restart
G5 Mode
C3
5.4V Voltage
Reference
8.5V
Figure 18 Auto Restart Mode
IVCC t
The VCC voltage is observed by comparator C1 if 17V
is exceeded. The output of C1 is combined with both
7.2mA the output of C11 which checks for SoftS<4.0V, and the
output of C4 which checks for FB>4.8V. Therefore the
overvoltage detection is can only active during Soft
Start Phase(SoftS<4.0V) and when FB signal is
1.05mA outside the operating range > 4.8V. This means any
small voltage overshoots of VVCC during normal
VOUT t operating cannot trigger the Auto Restart Mode.
Max. Ripple < 1% In order to ensure system reliability and prevent any
false activation, a blanking time is implemented before
the IC can enter into the Auto Restart Mode. The output
of the VCC overvoltage detection is fed into a spike
blanking with a time constant of 8.0µs.
The other fault detection which can result in the Auto
Restart Mode and has this 8.0µs blanking time is the
Overtemperature detection. This block checks for a
t
junction temperature of higher than 140°C for
Figure 17 Signals in Active Burst Mode malfunction operation.
4 Electrical Characteristics
Note: All voltages are measured with respect to ground (Pin 8). The voltage levels are valid if other ratings are
not violated.
4.3 Characteristics
1)
Design characteristic (not meant for production testing)
Over Load & Open Loop Detection VFBC4 4.62 4.80 4.98 V VSoftS > 5.6V
Limit for Comparator C4
Active Burst Mode Level for VFBC5 1.23 1.30 1.37 V VSoftS > 5.6V
Comparator C5
Active Burst Mode Level for VFBC6a 3.85 4.00 4.15 V After Active Burst
Comparator C6a Mode is entered
Note: The trend of all the voltage levels in the Control Unit is the same regarding the deviation except VVCCOVP
and VVCCPD
6 Outline Dimension
PG-DIP-8-6
(Leadfree Plastic Dual
In-Line Outline)
P-DSO-8-8
(Plastic Dual Small Outline)
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