Republic of Panama

Ministry of Education
Bilingual School Academy
Science

Activity 81-83-87-89

Daniel Gordon

XII° A Science
Emphasis in Computer

Litzia Pomares

6/10/15

Activities
 Pag 81

Do you remember?
1. Explain the difference between a nutrient and a food.
A. Nutrients are the substance we need for obtaining energy and for making
our own living matter and the food is any substance consumed to provide
nutritional support for the body.
2. Define the following terms.
 Macro-nutrient: Macro nutrients are the major components of food for
example proteins, sugar, lipids or fats.
 Micro-nutrient: Micro nutrients are the substance which are present in
very small quantities in food but which are also necessary for us
(vitamins and minerals).
Do you understand?
3 .Explain the functions of the following nutrients in the body.
 Starches: their function is provides energy.
 Animal proteins: their function is build the matter that form our cells
 Vegetable oils: have many functions but the most important is provides
energy.
 Fibre: their function is help the food to pass through the intestine.
4. How much water we need to drink every day? How do we obtain the rest of
the water that we need.
We need drink three liters of water every day, one and half liters of these we
obtain from food and the rest we must drink.
5. Indicate what group the following foods belong to:
 Milk: group 1
 Beef: group 2
 Olive oil: group 3
 Spinach: group 5
 Pineapple: group 6
 Sardines: group 2
 Chicken: group 2
 Bread: group 4

6 .What groups of foods are present in a mixed paella (fish, seafood and meat)
In a mixed paella are present the group 2 (fish, seafood and meat)

Activities
 Pag 83

Do you remember?
1. Write a definition for each one of the following concepts.
 Calorie: is the amount of head required to increase the temperature of a
gram of water by one degree centigrade.
 Base metabolic rate: amount of energy required by the body when it is in
complete rest.
Do you understand?
2. Answer the following questions.
 Why does our body store lipids as a medium and long-term energy reserve,
rather than sugars?
A. Lipids are stored dried (insoluble) and most of the chemical reactions are
carried out in the water content in our body, therefore, it is much more
difficult to burn fat than carbohydrates. The lipids contain far more energy
than sugars. Is more advantageous for the body use lipids as an energy
reserve in the medium and long term.
 What happens if our diet gives us more energy than we consume every
day?
A. if our diet provides an excess of kilocalories, the organisms will store the
accumulated energy as fat.
 Why do we consume energy even when we are at rest?
A. Because our body needs to maintain the functioning of our vital organs ...
with an energy 0 , of our heart would stop , the blood does not run in our veins
and we had a brain dead and would spend the afterlife ... For Everything
Energy needs , even for a company of cell removal from its place.
3. Calculate the base metabolic rate for the following people.
 A 20 years-old woman who weighs 45 kg and is 160 cm tall
A. 1,281 BMR
 A 40 years-old man wighs 75 kg and is 170 cm tall
A. 2,260.5 BMR

Activities
 Pag87

Do you remember?
1. Think and answer the questions.
 Why do foods go bad?
A. The fact that food which goes wrong and rot is a natural process by t
the existence of microorganisms in the environment and the food
itself. These organisms may be fungii or bacteria
 What alteration do bacteria cause in food?
A. For example, the may make wine bitter. Others simply grow on the
food, making use of the nutrients. But, whatever the case, food
affected by bacteria is unfit for consumption.
Do you understand?
2. Answer the following questions.
 What are all preservation techniques based on? Do they all kill micro-
organism.
A. Exists different techniques for food for example Refrigeration in other
words, keeping foods in a cold environment, is also a good way of
preserving them. Other is a freezing is more effective than
refrigeration. In a domestic freezer the temperature is some 10°c
below zero. At this temperature the action of microbes is detained
almost completely.
 Which are the oldest methods of food preservation? Give an example of
an industrially prepared food which is preserved using one of these
methods.
A. The methods of preserved more ancient of food preservation are used
by one of these industries are food additives and sterilization
techniques.
 Can refrigeration preserve food indefinitely? Why not? And what about
freezing?
A. frozen foods can be kept for long periods of time provided that the
cold chain is not interrupted. if a food defrosts it must not be frozen
again. it must be eaten immediately or thrown away
 What are additives? What are preservatives? What is the function of
preservatives in food?
 A. The additives are various substances which are added to food in
small quantities and following strict healt standards , the
preservatives are additives which make food last longer.

3. Define the following term.

 Sterilization: consists of killing the micro-organisms in the food.
 Pasteurization: this consists of heating the milk to 80°c for 30 seconds.
this heating 99.5 of all the germs contained in milk.
 Use-by date: is the day or month after which the food cannot be used.
 Best if used by date: is the limit for the food to be at peak quality.
 Activities
Pag 89
Do you remember?
1. Think and answer the questions.
 What precautions should be taken in the industrial manipulation of
food?
A. Must be hygiene, proper food preparation, storage, and health.
 Should we also take precautions in the home? Why?
A. Clear that if, so to preserve our health, prepare them properly, wash
foods and preserve them in a place where help you keep.
Do you understand?
2. Answer the following questions.
 What is a pesticide? Why is it necessary to use a pesticide? What
disadvantages does the use of these substances have?
A. pesticide is a chemical used to prevent, destroy, or repel pests. Pests can
be insects, mice and other animals, weeds, fungi, or microorganisms
such as bacteria and viruses. Pesticides are detrimental for the
environment and produce considerable damage to ecosystems.
Insecticides and herbicides may be harmful for non-target species.
Pesticides pollute air, water and soil. 
 What is the main advantage of growing crops in greenhouse?
A. the main advantage is that possible to establish the conditions for the
good development of the plants, because there is some insulation to the
outside; also because more plants can be placed per unit area than in the
open field; and last appearance, also of relevance, the possibility of
using climate control facilities, which improve to an optimum growing
conditions.
 What is a fish factory? Why do we say that these installations may help
avoid the over- exploitation of natural fishing resources?.
A. Fish factory installations where various kinds of fish are readed mean it
is possible to obtain a good quality food in a short period of time and
avoids, up to a point, the over-exploitation natural fishing resources.
Explain the following.
1. Where is the genetic information in a eukaryotic cell? And where is it in
a mult-icellular organisms?
2. The DNA of the cells eukaryotes are in your core, in cells prokaryotes
are freely in her
3. What is transgenic organism
4. they are those organisms in which the DNA of another organism is
introduced into the body of this
5. What advantages may genetically modified foods have? Why? Are they
not commercialized yet on a large scale