NOTE TO THE STUDENT

This module is a semi-detailed guide of the contents to be learned in the

subject. The use of other resources such as books and credible online sources
are encouraged. Sources are indicated within this module for your reference.
There are sets of questions and tasks to be completed at the end of each lesson
and unit. The quality of your answers and outputs will have a bearing on your
grades for this subject. May you use this resource to the best of your
advantage.

GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS
1. READ ALL the instructions CAREFULLY from items 1 to 12.
2. The modules are intended to be accomplished within 2 weeks.
3. The number of modules you should get every two weeks is equal to the
number of subjects you enrolled. For instance, if you have 3 subjects, you
should have 3 modules.
4. Complete the tasks/activities/questions/assessments within the time
provided.
5. Use the answer sheets in the module. Extra answers sheets are provided in
case you need them.
6. Submit your outputs, exam permits accomplished exams on designated
schedules.
7. Make sure to claim your exam questionnaires and the modules on designated
schedules.
TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER 1 - CAMPUS JOURNALISM
Overview of Programs................................................................................... 1 A Better Understanding
Getting Started .............................................................................................. 2
Introduction
What to Include......................................................................................... 2
In this chapter, we will get a better
Focus on What You Do Best ...................................................................... 2 understanding of what is Campus Journalism by
knowing its definition, discussing its types and
Don’t Forget the Mission .............................................................................. 3
functions, and reflecting its importance in the
Make It Your Own ......................................................................................... 4 society.

Customize in Almost No Time ................................................................... 4

Expected Outcomes:
Make It Picture Perfect ............................................................................. 4
1. Define Campus Journalism.
Our Products and Services ..............................................................................
2. Reflect on the importance of Campus Journalism
in school and society in an essay.

3. Explore different media platforms (writing, photo,

audio, video, etc.) used in journalism.

Understanding Campus Journalism

‘Campus journalism helps student become more

aware of what's happening around them.’

1
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CAMPUS JOURNALISM
LESSON 1 DEFINITION OF CAMPUS JOURNALISM
The word journal comes from the Latin word diurna which means “daily.” In
Activity 1
Name: _____________________________________________ Score: _______
ancient Rome, short bulletins of battles, fires, and elections compiled by
government officials were posted up in public places. These were called acta diurna ESSAY
which meant “daily events.” Direction: Answer the following questions in no less than five sentences. (10 pts. each)

Other definitions of journalism: 1. Define Campus Journalism in your own point of view.
 The occupation of writing for publication in newspapers and other
periodicals. – Noah Webster ________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
 Something that embraces all forms in which or through which the news
________________________________________________________________
and comments on the news reach the public. All that happens in the world,
________________________________________________________________
if such happenings hold interest for the public, and all the thoughts,
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
actions, and ideas which these happenings stimulate, become basic
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
materials for the journalist.- Fraser F. Bond
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
 Enjoyable co-curricular activity of the school paper staff in collecting,
________________________________________________________________
organizing, and presenting news; in writing editorials, columns, literary ________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
articles, and features; in copyreading, proofreading, dummying, and ________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
writing headlines – all for the purpose of putting out a school organ. – ________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
ScopeSchool
of Journalism
Paper Advisers of the City Schools of Manila ________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
2. ________________________________________________________________
Discuss the scope of journalism.
________________________________________________________________
Journalism may be divided into three areas: written, oral, and visual. ________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
__________________________________
Periodicals such as newspapers and magazines fall under written journalism. A _________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
periodical, defined broadly, is a publication that comes out at regular intervals – _________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
daily, weekly, fortnightly, monthly, bi-monthly, quarterly, annually, etc. _________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
A newspaper, compared to a magazine, prints more news, has no special cover, _________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
and is printed on a special paper called newsprint. News is printed on the front page _________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
as well as on the inside and back pages. ________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
A magazine, on the other hand, prints more features and human interest stories, ________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
has a special cover usually with a big cut on it, and is often printed on bookpaper. If ________________________
_________________________________________________
ever news is printed, it is brief, featurized, and found in the inside pages. _________________________________________________
Periodicals, brochures, journals, books, and graphic arts are classified under _________________________________________________
print media. Radio falls under oral journalism, while television, movies, and
documentaries are under visual journalism.
Radio and television are examples of broadcast media while movies and
documentaries are examples of film media.
2 3
LESSON 2 FUNCTIONS OF CAMPUS PAPERS
A campus paper may be mimeographed or printed published or
released by an organization or school whose name or logo appears in the
masthead or in the editorial box.
The campus paper like any other media has functions.
A. Aid to the students
1. Provides opportunity for interesting writing.
2. Gives students the opportunity to learn how to read the
newspapers.
3. Acts as stimulus to better work.
4. Develops students’ power of observation and discrimination
concerning relative merits of news articles.
5. Serves as outlet and motivation for journalistic writing.
6. Offers training in organizations, business methods, commercial arts,
salesmanship, bookkeeping and business management.
7. Develops qualities of cooperation, tact, accuracy, tolerance,
responsibility and leadership.
B. Aid to school and community
1. Informs the community of the work of the school.
2. Publishes school news.
3. Creates and expresses school opinions.
4. Makes known the achievements of the school.
5. Helps unify the school.
6. Encourages and stimulates worthwhile activities.
7. Develops right standard of conduct.
8. Provides and outlet for students’ suggestions for the betterment of
the school.
9. Develops better interschool relationship.
10. Develops school spirit.
11. Develops cooperation between the parents and the school.
4 5
Functions of Modern Campus Paper
The modern campus paper also has these following functions:
1. Information function: This is the news functions of the campus paper:
to inform. Since information dissemination is the maid purpose of the
campus paper, this is the function most likely performed by any campus
paper. It gives the readers information concerning the things around the
community and within the school.
2. Opinion function: Through the editorials and editorial columns, the
editor has the chance to post his opinion regarding current events inside
the school and the community. The main purpose for this is to persuade
to reader toward a certain point of view.
3. Education function: Tabooed topics such as sex, sex education, family
planning and the like are extensively and intensively discussed by writers
of campus papers. This is one of the most important functions of the
campus paper: to educate.
4. Watchdog function: The school paper serves as an eye for the readers
to see what is happening in the school and to guard the right of the young
ones.
5. Laboratory function: It serves as the teaching tool for budding
journalists. Neophytes pattern their new experience from the existing and
past papers.
6. Documentation function: Important school events and worthwhile
student accomplishments and achievements are recorded in the campus
paper for posterity’s sake. Most present day stories are researched from
old newspapers.
7. Entertainment function: The school paper, like an interesting book,
keeps the reader company especially when he is alone. Most human
interest stories are stimulating to read.
8. Developmental function: In developing a country like the Philippines,
scholastic and commercial journalism has been given greater and nobler
significance. The sources of new journalists are school also. Journalists in
campus publications are most likely to be the journalists of the future.
The young journalist whose news deals with club activities, school
elections and campus activities will eventually become a better one whose
news deal with activities of the nation, national elections and national
concerns. The developmental function of the campus paper doesn't only
have implications on the young one himself but also on the school as a
whole. School administrators and staff may reflect their performance on
the school paper and see what improvements must be done.
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CAMPUS JOURNALISM
Convergence Journalism
Convergence Journalism is multimedia journalism across multiple
Activity 2
Name: _______________________________________ Score: ______
platforms and mediums. In the department, students focus on producing
news and content on the medium and platform that best fits a specific ESSAY
audience. Convergence journalism teaches students how to produce news Direction: Answer the following questions. (10 points each)
and content in a more impactful way using multiple mediums to tell a
1. What is the importance of campus journalism in schools and society?
stronger story. The program focuses on training students to use, produce
__________________________________________________________
news and be involved with emerging media platforms such as tablet
__________________________________________________________
applications and social media. Convergence is the School of Journalism's
__________________________________________________________
first new major in more than 50 years.
__________________________________________________________
This new form of journalism requires the journalist to be skilled in __________________________________________________________
more than one discipline. For example, a convergence journalist could write __________________________________________________________
an article for a newspaper and produce a broadcast package on the same __________________________________________________________
story all in one day. Convergence journalism also adds more elements and __________________________________________________________
details to a story through the use of more than one outlet to tell the story. __________________________________________________________
Now, when you go to websites to read an article you will more than likely __________________________________________________________
see a video clip within the article. It is much more appealing for the reader __________________________________________________________
to see pictures and videos while reading a newsprint article; this is the 2. Compare and contrast traditional functions of campus papers and
formula for convergence. This new type of journalism makes the reporter modern functions of campus paper. (You can make a Venn diagram for
more attractive to future employers because of their knowledge and skill in this.)
the different types of media outlets. Rather than being an expert in only
broadcast journalism, convergence allows the journalist to be an expert in
print and photography.

6
7

LESSON 3 SOCIAL MEDIA
Social media platforms such as Facebook, Instagram, Snapchat and
Twitter play a big role in this new era of digital journalism. From changing
the way people consume their news to contributing to the rise of the citizen
journalist, social media has forced public relations pros to adapt in the
digital age or perish. Their journalist counterparts are no exception to the
impact. Social media and journalism also combine to make a major impact
on reporters. Social media has drastically shifted the way journalists do their
jobs, from changing the way they receive information and story ideas to
shifting how they share those stories.
Following are three key ways social media in journalism has changed the
way reporters work.
1. Social media offers journalists increased access to content
Thanks to social media, journalists have unprecedented access to
their audience, putting them closer than ever to the content and story ideas
that their readers/listeners care about.
Audiences are no longer passively waiting for a news anchor to tell
them the news. They’re on Twitter or Facebook, sifting through content and
sharing stories from their friends and family, sometimes before a journalist
has even picked it up.
All of this makes social media a great place to do research and make
connections that may not have otherwise come about.
2. Journalists are responsible for sharing their stories
Social media is full of clutter. With active usership in the billions,
word travels quickly and then gets lost in the shuffle. Consider that roughly
6,000 tweets are shared per second on Twitter.
While that makes it a highly effective tool for communicating
breaking news, it also makes the lifespan of a news story much shorter than
it used to be.
Reports are now responsible for sharing their stories far and wide,
and making sure it stays in the news cycle for as long as possible.
3. The “fake news” phenomenon makes reporting more challenging than ever
New data from the Pew Research Center shows 45 percent of American
adults consume news on Facebook and half of news consumers on Facebook
depend solely on that site for news. While the reach of social media is great, it
lacks a method of policing content and sources to prevent completely fictitious
stories from spreading.
Blogs, Podcasting, Vlogging
‘The transparency of blogging has contributed to news organizations
becoming a bit more accessible and interactive ….’
Blogs - A regularly updated website or web page, typically one run by an
individual or small group, that is written in an informal or conversational style.
“Blogs are in some ways a new form of journalism, open to anyone who
can establish and maintain a Web site, and they have exploded in the past year,”
Walter Mossberg wrote in his Wall Street Journal technology column last March.
“The good thing about them is that they introduce fresh voices into the national
discourse on various topics and help build communities of interest through their
collections of links.”
Mossberg’s description of Weblogs as a new kind of journalism might
trouble hidebound journalists. But it is a journalism of a different sort, one not
tightly confined by the profession’s traditions and values.
Mainstream news operations are businesses supported by advertising.
As hierarchical organizations, they value smooth production workflows,
profitability and rigorous editorial standards. Weblogs adhere to a different set
of values. Bloggers value informal conversation, egalitarianism, subjective points
of view, and colorful writing over profits, central control, objectivity and filtered
prose.
Podcast - A digital audio file made available on the Internet for downloading to
a computer or mobile device, typically available as a series, new instalments of
which can be received by subscribers automatically.
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Podcasting is changing the face of journalism and audio media.
CAMPUS JOURNALISM
While print journalism continues its decline, podcasting is a serious
contender for the future of journalism.
Activity 3
With podcasting, journalists have an opportunity to tell a story via Name: _______________________________________ Score: ______
audio media and reach a new and growing world of listeners. Podcasts are
relatively easy and inexpensive to produce, and audiences appreciate the Direction: Complete the following activities by browsing the internet.
sense of personal connection with a program host.
1. Look for a blog made by a journalist, print the whole article in a separate
When podcasts first appeared, they were known as audioblogs. paper and attach it to this activity sheet. Also provide a brief insight (3-
They represented a democratic alternative to radio, a space where anyone 5 sentences).
with a microphone could make their voice heard. Through the 2000s __________________________________________________________
podcasts became more polished and professional but still struggled to make __________________________________________________________
a significant mainstream impact. That all changed in 2014 when a radio __________________________________________________________
show called The American Life produced a true-crime podcast spinoff called __________________________________________________________
Serial. It quickly became a sensation as 5 million people tuned in to its 12 __________________________________________________________
episodes. It proved the potential of the podcast in a time when smartphones __________________________________________________________
allowed people to consume them at any time and in any place. They became 2. Look for a podcast made by a journalist; provide its link and summarize
recognised as a high quality and in-demand alternative to radio one could its content.
personalize to their tastes. Link: ______________________________________________________
Summary:
Vlogging __________________________________________________________
A video blog, most commonly referred to as a vlog, is a way that __________________________________________________________
journalists can actively cover interests and topics via video entries in a blog __________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
format. Vlogs usually join together all of the aspects of a standard blog, but
__________________________________________________________
with a regular video stream. A regular host for vlogs is YouTube, which is a
__________________________________________________________
free platform that journalists can post their videos. They can also post their
3. Look for vlog made by a journalist; provide its link and summarize its
YouTube videos to social media, websites, or their other blogs if they wish.
content.
Journalists often use vlogs to follow and document either a specific Link: ______________________________________________________
event or person. They can decide on a single entry or multiple posts to Summary:
highlight one particular topic. Some writers even record the daily events __________________________________________________________
happening in a person's life. Vlogging is incredibly versatile and fun to the __________________________________________________________
people involved. This is the reason it has increase in popularity so much in __________________________________________________________
the past few years. __________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________