EC8352 Signals and Systems 01

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1) Which mathematical notation specifies the condition of periodicity for a continuous time
signal?
a. x(t) = x(t +T0)
b. x(n) = x(n+ N)
c. x(t) = e-αt
d. None of the above
ANSWER: (a) x(t) = x(t +T0)
2) Which property of delta function indicates the equality between the area under the product of
function with shifted impulse and the value of function located at unit impulse instant?
a. Replication
b. Sampling
c. Scaling
d. Product
ANSWER: (b) Sampling
3) Which among the below specified conditions/cases of discrete time in terms of real constant
‘a’, represents the double-sided decaying exponential signal?
a. a > 1
b. 0 < a < 1
c. a < -1
d. -1 < a < 0
ANSWER: (d) -1 < a < 0
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4) Damped sinusoids are _____
a. sinusoid signals multiplied by growing exponentials
b. sinusoid signals divided by growing exponentials
c. sinusoid signals multiplied by decaying exponentials
d. sinusoid signals divided by decaying exponentials
ANSWER: © sinusoid signals multiplied by decaying exponentials
5) An amplitude of sinc function that passes through zero at multiple values of an independent
variable ‘x’ ______
a. Decreases with an increase in the magnitude of an independent variable (x)
b. Increases with an increase in the magnitude of an independent variable (x)
c. Always remains constant irrespective of variation in magnitude of ‘x’
d. Cannot be defined
ANSWER: (a) Decreases with an increase in the magnitude of an independent variable (x)
6) A system is said to be shift invariant only if______
a. a shift in the input signal also results in the corresponding shift in the output
b. a shift in the input signal does not exhibit the corresponding shift in the output
c. a shifting level does not vary in an input as well as output
d. a shifting at input does not affect the output
ANSWER: (a) a shift in the input signal also results in the corresponding shift in the output
7) Which condition determines the causality of the LTI system in terms of its impulse response?
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a. Only if the value of an impulse response is zero for all negative values of time
b. Only if the value of an impulse response is unity for all negative values of time
c. Only if the value of an impulse response is infinity for all negative values of time
d. Only if the value of an impulse response is negative for all negative values of time
ANSWER: (a) Only if the value of an impulse response is zero for all negative values of time
8) Under which conditions does an initially relaxed system become unstable?
a. only if bounded input generates unbounded output
b. only if bounded input generates bounded output
c. only if unbounded input generates unbounded output
d. only if unbounded input generates bounded output
ANSWER: (a) only if bounded input generates unbounded output
9) Which among the following are the stable discrete time systems?
1. y(n) = x(4n)
2. y(n) = x(-n)
3. y(n) = ax(n) + 8
4. y(n) = cos x(n)
a. 1 & 3
b. 2 & 4
c. 1, 3 & 4
d. 1, 2, 3 & 4
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ANSWER: (d) 1, 2, 3 & 4
10) An equalizer used to compensate the distortion in the communication system by faithful
recovery of an original signal is nothing but an illustration of _________
a. Static system
b. Dynamic system
c. Invertible system
ANSWER: © Invertible system
11) Which block of the discrete time systems requires memory in order to store the previous
input?
a. Adder
b. Signal Multiplier
c. Unit Delay
d. Unit Advance
ANSWER: ©Unit Delay
12) Which type/s of discrete-time system do/does not exhibit the necessity of any feedback?
a. Recursive Systems
b. Non-recursive Systems
c. Both a & b
ANSWER: (b) Non-recursive Systems
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12) Which among the following belongs to the category of non-recursive systems?
a. Causal FIR Systems
b. Non-causal FIR Systems
c. Causal IIR Systems
d. Non-causal IIR Systems
ANSWER: (a) Causal FIR Systems
13) Recursive Systems are basically characterized by the dependency of its output on _______
a. Present input
b. Past input
c. Previous outputs
d. All of the above
ANSWER: (d) All of the above
14) What does the term y(-1) indicate especially in an equation that represents the behaviour of
the causal system?
a. initial condition of the system
b. negative initial condition of the system
c. negative feedback condition of the system
d. response of the system to its initial input
ANSWER: (a) initial condition of the system
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15) Which type of system response to its input represents the zero value of its initial condition?
a. Zero state response
b. Zero input response
c. Total response
d. Natural response
ANSWER: (a) Zero state response
16) Which is/are the essential condition/s to get satisfied for a recursive system to be linear?
a. Zero state response should be linear
b. Principle of Superposition should be applicable to zero input response
c. Total Response of the system should be addition of zero state & zero input responses
d. All of the above
17) Which among the following operations is/are not involved /associated with the computation
process of linear convolution?
a. Folding Operation
b. Shifting Operation
c. Multiplication Operation
d. Integration Operation
ANSWER: (d) Integration Operation
18) A LTI system is said to be initially relaxed system only if ____
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a. Zero input produces zero output
b. Zero input produces non-zero output
c. Zero input produces an output equal to unity
ANSWERa) Zero input produces zero output
19) What are the number of samples present in an impulse response called as?
a. string
b. array
c. length
d. element
ANSWER: © length
20) Which are the only waves that correspond/ support the measurement of phase angle in the
line spectra?
a. Sine waves
b. Cosine waves
c. Triangular waves
d. Square waves
ANSWER: (b) Cosine waves
21) Double-sided phase & amplitude spectra _____
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a. Possess an odd & even symmetry respectively
b. Possess an even & odd symmetry respectively
c. Both possess an odd symmetry
d. Both possess an even symmetry
ANSWER: (a) Possess an odd & even symmetry respectively
22) What does the first term ‘a0‘ in the below stated expression of a line spectrum indicate?
X(t) = a0 + a1 cos w0 t + a2 cos2 w0t +……+ b1 sin w0 t + b2 sin w0 t + …..
a. DC component
b. Fundamental component
c. Second harmonic component
d. All of the above
ANSWER: (a) DC component
23) Which kind of frequency spectrum/spectra is/are obtained from the line spectrum of a
continuous signal on the basis of Polar Fourier Series Method?
a. Continuous in nature
b. Discrete in nature
c. Sampled in nature
d. All of the above
ANSWER: (b) Discrete in nature
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24) Which type/s of Fourier Series allow/s to represent the negative frequencies by plotting the
double-sided spectrum for the analysis of periodic signals?
a. Trigonometric Fourier Series
b. Polar Fourier Series
c. Exponential Fourier Series
d. All of the above
ANSWER: © Exponential Fourier Series
25) What does the signalling rate in the digital communication system imply?
a. Number of digital pulses transmitted per second
b. Number of digital pulses transmitted per minute
c. Number of digital pulses received per second
d. Number of digital pulses received per minute
ANSWER: (a)Number of digital pulses transmitted per second
26) As the signalling rate increases, _______
a. Width of each pulse increases
b. Width of each pulse decreases
c. Width of each pulse remains unaffected
ANSWER: (b)Width of each pulse decreases
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27) Which phenomenon occurs due to an increase in the channel bandwidth during the
transmission of narrow pulses in order to avoid any intervention of signal distortion?
a. Compression in time domain
b. Expansion in time domain
c. Compression in frequency domain
d. Expansion in frequency domain
ANSWER: (d)Expansion in frequency domain
28) Why are the negative & positive phase shifts introduced for positive & negative frequencies
respectively in amplitude and phase spectra?
a. To change the symmetry of the phase spectrum
b. To maintain the symmetry of the phase spectrum
c. Both a & b
ANSWER: (b) To maintain the symmetry of the phase spectrum
29) Duality Theorem / Property of Fourier Transform states that _________
a. Shape of signal in time domain & shape of spectrum can be interchangeable
b. Shape of signal in frequency domain & shape of spectrum can be interchangeable
c. Shape of signal in time domain & shape of spectrum can never be interchangeable
d. Shape of signal in time domain & shape of spectrum can never be interchangeable
ANSWER: (a) Shape of signal in time domain & shape of spectrum can be interchangeable
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30) Which property of fourier transform gives rise to an additional phase shift of -2π ftd for the
generated time delay in the communication system without affecting an amplitude spectrum?
a. Time Scaling
b. Linearity
c. Time Shifting
d. Duality
ANSWER: © Time Shifting
31) Which among the below assertions is precise in accordance to the effect of time scaling?
A : Inverse relationship exists between the time and frequency domain representation of signal
B : A signal must be necessarily limited in time as well as frequency domains
a. A is true & B is false
b. A is false & B is true
c. Both A & B are true
d. Both A & B are false
ANSWER: (a)A is true & B is false
32) Which is/are the mandatory condition/s to get satisfied by the transfer function for the
purpose of distortionless transmission?
a. Amplitude Response should be constant for all frequencies
b. Phase should be linear with frequency passing through zero
c. Both a & b
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ANSWER: ©Both a & b
33) What is/are the crucial purposes of using the Fourier Transform while analyzing any
elementary signals at different frequencies?
a. Transformation from time domain to frequency domain
b. Plotting of amplitude & phase spectrum
c. Both a & b
34) What is the possible range of frequency spectrum for discrete time fourier series (DTFS)?
a. 0 to 2π
b. -π to +π
c. Both a & b
35) Which among the following assertions represents a necessary condition for the existence of
Fourier Transform of discrete time signal (DTFT)?
a. Discrete Time Signal should be absolutely summable
b. Discrete Time Signal should be absolutely multipliable
c. Discrete Time Signal should be absolutely integrable
d. Discrete Time Signal should be absolutely differentiable
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ANSWER: (a)Discrete Time Signal should be absolutely summable
36) What is the nature of Fourier representation of a discrete & aperiodic signal?
a. Continuous & periodic
b. Discrete & aperiodic
c. Continuous & aperiodic
d. Discrete & periodic
ANSWER: (a) Continuous & periodic
37) Which property of periodic signal in DTFS gets completely clarified / identified by the equation
x (n – n0)?
a. Conjugation
b. Time Shifting
c. Frequency Shifting
d. Time Reversal
ANSWER: (b) Time Shifting
38) A Laplace Transform exists when ______
A. The function is piece-wise continuous
B. The function is of exponential order
C. The function is piecewise discrete
D. The function is of differential order
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a. A & B
b. C & D
c. A & D
d. B & C
ANSWER: (a) A & B
39) Where is the ROC defined or specified for the signals containing causal as well as anti-causal
terms?
a. Greater than the largest pole
b. Less than the smallest pole
c. Between two poles
d. Cannot be defined
ANSWER: © Between two poles
40) What should be the value of laplace transform for the time-domain signal equation e-at cos
ωt.u(t)?
a. 1 / s + a with ROC σ > – a
b. ω / (s + a) 2 + ω2 with ROC σ > – a
c. s + a / (s + a)2 + ω2 with ROC σ > – a
d. Aω / s2 + ω2 with ROC σ > 0
ANSWER: © s + a / (s + a)2 + ω2 with ROC σ > – a
41) According to the time-shifting property of Laplace Transform, shifting the signal in time domain
corresponds to the ______
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a. Multiplication by e-st0 in the time domain
b. Multiplication by e-st0 in the frequency domain
c. Multiplication by est0 in the time domain
d. Multiplication by est0 in the frequency domain
ANSWER: (b) Multiplication by e-st0 in the frequency domain
42) Which result is generated/ obtained by the addition of a step to a ramp function?
a. Step Function shifted by an amount equal to ramp
b. Ramp Function shifted by an amount equal to step
c. Ramp function of zero slope
d. Step function of zero slope
ANSWER: (b) Ramp Function shifted by an amount equal to step
43) Unilateral Laplace Transform is applicable for the determination of linear constant coefficient
differential equations with ________
a. Zero initial condition
b. Non-zero initial condition
c. Zero final condition
d. Non-zero final condition
ANSWER: (b) Non-zero initial condition
44) What should be location of poles corresponding to ROC for bilateral Inverse Laplace Transform
especially for determining the nature of time domain signal?
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a. On L.H.S of ROC
b. On R.H.S of ROC
c. On both sides of ROC
ANSWER: © On both sides of ROC
45) Generally, the convolution process associated with the Laplace Transform in time domain
results into________
a. Simple multiplication in complex frequency domain
b. Simple division in complex frequency domain
c. Simple multiplication in complex time domain
d. Simple division in complex time domain
ANSWER: (a) Simple multiplication in complex frequency domain
46) An impulse response of the system at initially rest condition is basically a response to its input
& hence also regarded as,
a. Black’s function
b. Red’s function
c. Green’s function
ANSWER: © Green’s function
47) When is the system said to be causal as well as stable in accordance to pole/zero of ROC
specified by system transfer function?
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a. Only if all the poles of system transfer function lie in left-half of S-plane
b. Only if all the poles of system transfer function lie in right-half of S-plane
c. Only if all the poles of system transfer function lie at the centre of S-plane
ANSWER: (a) Only if all the poles of system transfer function lie in left-half of S-plane
48) Correlogram is a graph of ______
a. Amplitude of one signal plotted against the amplitude of another signal
b. Frequency of one signal plotted against the frequency of another signal
c. Amplitude of one signal plotted against the frequency of another signal
d. Frequency of one signal plotted against the time period of another signal
ANSWER: (a) Amplitude of one signal plotted against the amplitude of another signal
49) Which theorem states that the total average power of a periodic signal is equal to the sum of
average powers of the individual fourier coefficients?
a. Parseval’s Theorem
b. Rayleigh’s Theorem
c. Both a & b
ANSWER: (a) Parseval’s Theorem
50) According to Rayleigh’s theorem, it becomes possible to determine the energy of a signal
by________
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a. Estimating the area under the square root of its amplitude spectrum
b. Estimating the area under the square of its amplitude spectrum
c. Estimating the area under the one-fourth power of its amplitude spectrum
d. Estimating the area exactly half as that of its amplitude spectrum
ANSWER: (b) Estimating the area under the square of its amplitude spectrum
51) What does the spectral density function of any signal specify?
a. Distribution of energy or power
b. Consumption of energy or power
c. Conservation of energy or power
d. Generation of energy or power
ANSWER: (a) Distribution of energy or power
52) Which among the below mentioned transform pairs is/are formed between the auto-
correlation function and the energy spectral density, in accordance to the property of Energy
Spectral Density (ESD)?
a. Laplace Transform
b. Z-Transform
c. Fourier Transform
d. All of the above
ANSWER: © Fourier Transform
53) The ESD of a real valued energy signal is always _________
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a. An even (symmetric) function of frequency
b. An odd (non-symmetric) function of frequency
c. A function that is odd and half-wave symmetric
ANSWER: (a) An even (symmetric) function of frequency
54) Which among the below mentioned assertions is /are correct?
a. Greater the value of correlation function, higher is the similarity level between two signals
b. Greater the value of correlation function, lower is the similarity level between two signals
c. Lesser the value of correlation function, higher is the similarity level between two signals
d. Lesser the value of correlation function, lower is the similarity level between two signals
a. Only C
b. Only B
c. A & D
d. B & C
ANSWER: © A & D
55) Which function has a provision of determining the similarity between the signal and its delayed
version?
a. Auto-correlation Function
b. Cross-correlation Function
c. Both a & b
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ANSWER: (a) Auto-correlation Function
56) Which property is exhibited by the auto-correlation function of a complex valued signal?
a. Commutative property
b. Distributive property
c. Conjugate property
d. Associative property
ANSWER: © Conjugate property
57) Where does the maximum value of auto-correlation function of a power signal occur?
a. At origin
b. At extremities
c. At unity
d. At infinity
ANSWER: (a) At origin
58) What does the set comprising all possible outcomes of an experiment known as?
a. Null event
b. Sure event
c. Elementary event
ANSWER: (b) Sure event
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59) What does an each outcome in the sample space regarded as?
a. Sample point
b. Element
c. Both a & b
ANSWER: © Both a & b
60) Mutually Exclusive events ________
a. Contain all sample points
b. Contain all common sample points
c. Does not contain any common sample point
d. Does not contain any sample point
ANSWER: © Does not contain any common sample point
61) What would be the probability of an event ‘G’ if G denotes its complement, according to the
axioms of probability?
a. P (G) = 1 / P (G)
b. P (G) = 1 – P (G)
c. P (G) = 1 + P (G)
d. P (G) = 1 * P (G)
ANSWERb) P (G) = 1 – P (G)
62) What would happen if the two events are statistically independent?
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a. Conditional probability becomes less than the elementary probability
b. Conditional probability becomes more than the elementary probability
c. Conditional probability becomes equal to the elementary probability
d. Conditional as well as elementary probabilities will exhibit no change
ANSWER: © Conditional probability becomes equal to the elementary probability
63) What would be the joint probability of statistically independent events that occur
simultaneously?
a. Zero
b. Not equal to zero
c. Infinite
ANSWER: (b) Not equal to zero
64) Consider the assertions given below
A : CDF is a monotonously increasing function
B : PDF is a derivative of CDF & is always positive
Which among them is correct according to the properties of PDF?
a. A is true & B is false
b. A is false & B is true
c. Both A & B are true but B is a reason for A
d. Both A & B are false since B is not a reason for A
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ANSWER: © Both A & B are true but B is a reason for A
65) The Joint Cumulative Density Function (CDF) _____
a. Is a non-negative function
b. Is a non-decreasing function of x & y planes
c. Is always a continuous function in xy plane
d. All of the above
66) What is the value of an area under the conditional PDF?
a. Greater than ‘0’ but less than ‘1’
b. Greater than ‘1’
c. Equal to ‘1’
d. Infinite
ANSWER: © Equal to ‘1’
67) When do the conditional density functions get converted into the marginally density functions?
a. Only if random variables exhibit statistical dependency
b. Only if random variables exhibit statistical independency
c. Only if random variables exhibit deviation from its mean value
ANSWER: (b) Only if random variables exhibit statistical independency
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68) Which among the below mentioned standard PDFs is/are applicable to discrete random
variables?
a. Gaussian distribution
b. Rayleigh distribution
c. Poisson distribution
d. All of the above
ANSWER: © Poisson distribution
69) A random variable belongs to the category of a uniform PDF only when ______
a. It occurs in a finite range
b. It is likely to possess zero value outside the finite range
c. Both a & b
ANSWER: © Both a & b
70) What would happen if the value of term [(m-x) / (σ √2)] increases in the expression of Guassian
CDF?
a. Complementary error function also goes on increasing
b. Complementary error function goes on decreasing
c. Complementary error function remains constant or unchanged
d. Cannot predict
ANSWER: (b) Complementary error function goes on decreasing
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71) Which type of standard PDFs has/ have an ability to describe an integer valued random variable
concerning to the repeated trials carried /conducted in an experiment?
a. Binomial
b. Uniform
c. Both a & b
ANSWER: (a) Binomial
41 An example of a discrete set of information/system is
[A] the trajectory of the Sun
[B] data on a CD
[C] universe time scale
[D] movement of water through a pipe
Answer: data on a CD
42 A system which is linear is said to obey the rules of
[A] scaling
[B] additivity
[C] both scaling and additivity
[D] homogeneity
Answer: both scaling and additivity
43 A time invariant system is a system whose output
[A] increases with a delay in input
[B] decreases with a delay in input
[C] remains same with a delay in input
[D] vanishes with a delay in input
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Answer: remains same with a delay in input
44 All real time systems concerned with the concept of causality are
[A] non causal
[B] causal
[C] neither causal nor non causal
[D] memoryless
Answer: causal
45 When we take up design of systems, ideally how do we define the stability of a system?
[A] A system is stable, if a bounded input gives a bounded output, for some values of the input
[B] A system is unstable, if a bounded input gives a bounded output, for all values of the input
[C] A system is stable, if a bounded input gives a bounded output, for all values of the input
[D] A system is unstable, if a bounded input gives a bounded output, for some values of the input
Answer: A system is stable, if a bounded input gives a bounded output, for all values of the input
46 All causal systems must have the component of
[A] memory
[B] time invariance
[C] stability
[D] linearity
Answer: memory
47 What is the area of a Unit Impulse function?
[A] Zero
[B] Half of Unity
[C] Depends on the function
[D] Unity
Answer: Unity
21 A function of one more variables which conveys information on the nature of physical phenomenon
is called
[A] Noise
[B] Interference
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[C] System
[D] Signal
Answer: Signal
22 Which one of the following is correct ? Energy of a power signal is
[A] Finite
[B] Zero
[C] Infinite
[D] Between 1 And 2
Answer: Infinite
23 Which one of the following is correct ? A system can be completely described by a transfer function if
it is
[A] Non-Linear And Continuous
[B] Linear And Time-Varying
[C] Non-Linear And Time-Invariant
[D] Linear And Time Invariant
Answer: Linear And Time Invariant
24 Convolution of two sequences X1 Z[n] and X2 [n] is represented as
[A] X1(z)* X2(z)
[B] X1(z) X2 (z)
[C] X1 (z) + X2(z)
[D] X1(z)/X2(z)
Answer: X1(z) X2 (z)
25 Laplace transforms of f(t) and g(t) are F(s) and G(s), respectively. Which one of the following
expressions gives the inverse Laplace transform of F(s) G(s) ?
[A] f(t) g(t)
[B] f(t) /g(t)
[C] f(t) + g(t)
[D] f(t) *g(t)
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Answer: f(t) *g(t)
26 The lengths of two discrete time sequence x1(n) and x2(n) are 5 and 7, respectively. What is the
maximum length of a sequence x1(n)*x2(n) ?
[A] 5
[B] 6
[C] 7
[D] 11
Answer: 11
27 If the response of a system to an input does not depend on the future values of the input.Then which
one of the following is true for the system ?
[A] It Is Aperiodic
[B] It Is Causal
[C] It Is Anticipator
[D] It Is Discrete
Answer: It Is Causal
28 What is the number of roots of the polynomial F(z) = 4z3 – 8z2 –z + 2, lying outside the unit circle ?
[A] 0
[B] 1
[C] 2
[D] 3
Answer: 1
29 Two rectangular waveforms of duration T1 and T2 seconds are convolved. What is the shape of the
resulting waveform ?
[A] Triangular
[B] Rectangular
[C] Trapezoidal
[D] Semi-circular
Answer: Trapezoidal
30 What are the number of samples present in an impulse response called as?
[A] String
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[B] Array
[C] Length
[D] Element
Answer: Length
31 The poles of a digital filter with linear phase response can lie
[A] only at z = 0
[B] only on the unit circle
[C] only inside the unit circle but not at z = 0
[D] on the left side of Real (z) =0 line
Answer: only at z = 0
32 Damped sinusoids are _____
[A] sinusoid signals multiplied by growing exponentials
[B] sinusoid signals divided by growing exponentials
[C] sinusoid signals multiplied by decaying exponentials
[D] sinusoid signals divided by decaying exponentials
Answer: sinusoid signals multiplied by decaying exponentials
33 An equalizer used to compensate the distortion in the communication system by faithful recovery of
an original signal is nothing but an illustration of _________
[A] static system
[B] dynamic system
[C] invertible system
[D] none of the above
Answer: invertible system
34 Under which conditions does an initially relaxed system become unstable ?
[A] only if bounded input generates unbounded output
[B] only if bounded input generates bounded output
[C] only if unbounded input generates unbounded output
[D] None of the above
Answer: only if bounded input generates unbounded output
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35 Which condition determines the causality of the LTI system in terms of its impulse response ?
[A] Only if the value of an impulse response is zero for all negative values of time
[B] Only if the value of an impulse response is unity for all negative values of time
[C] Only if the value of an impulse response is infinity for all negative values of time
[D] Only if the value of an impulse response is negative for all negative values of time
Answer: Only if the value of an impulse response is zero for all negative values of time
36 An amplitude of sinc function that passes through zero at multiple values of an independent variable
‘x’ ______
[A] decreases with an increase in the magnitude of an independent variable (x)
[B] increases with an increase in the magnitude of an independent variable (x)
[C] always remains constant irrespective of variation in magnitude of’ x’
[D] cannot be defined
Answer: decreases with an increase in the magnitude of an independent variable (x)
37 Which among the below specified conditions/cases of discrete time in terms of real constant ‘a’ ,
represents the double-sided decaying exponential signal?
[A] a > 1
[B] 0 < a < 1
[C] a < -1
[D] -1 < a < 0
Answer: -1 < a < 0
38 Which mathematical notation specifies the condition of periodicity for a continuous time signal ?
[A] x(t) = x( t +T0)
[B] x(n) = x( n+ N)
[C] x(t) = e-αt
Answer: x(t) = x( t +T0)
39 What is the area under a doublet function?
[A] Unity
[B] Negative
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[C] Zero
[D] Positive
Answer: Zero
40 What are the singularity functions?
[A] Derivatives and integrals of unit impulse functions
[B] Derivatives of a unit impulse function
[C] Integrals of an impulse function
[D] Sum of successive impulse function
Answer: Derivatives and integrals of unit impulse functions
11 A system is said to be shift invariant only if______
[A] a shift in the input signal also results in the corresponding shift in the output
[B] a shift in the input signal does not exhibit the corresponding shift in the output
[C] a shifting level does not vary in an input as well as output
[D] a shifting at input does not affect the output
Answer: a shift in the input signal also results in the corresponding shift in the output
12 Which among the following are the stable discrete time systems? 1. Y(n) = x(4n) 2. Y(n) = x(-n) 3. Y(n)
= ax (n) + 8 4. Y(n) = cos x(n)
[A] 1 & 3
[B] 2 & 4
[C] 1, 3 & 4
[D] 1,2,3 & 4
Answer: 1,2,3 & 4
13 If a function f(t) u(t) is shifted to right side by t0,then the function can be expressed as
[A] f(t – t0) u(t)
[B] f(t) u(t – t0)
[C] f(t – t0) u(t – t0)
[D] f(t +t0) u(t + t0)
Answer: f(t – t0) u(t – t0)
14 Which block of the discrete time systems requires memory in order to store the previous input?
31
[A] Signal Multiplier
[B] Unit Delay
[C] Adder
Answer: Unit Delay
15 The covariance function of a band limited white noise is
[A] A Dirac delta function
[B] An exponentially decreasing function
[C] A sinc function
[D] A sinc2 function
Answer: A sinc function
16 A discrete LTI system is non-causal if its impulse response is
[A] anu(n -2)
[B] an-2u(n)
[C] an+2u(n)
[D] anu(n +2)
Answer: anu(n +2)
17 What does the signalling rate in the digital communication system imply?
[A] Number of digital pulses transmitted per second
[B] Number of digital pulses transmitted per minute
[C] Number of digital pulses received per second
[D] Number of digital pulses received per minute
Answer: Number of digital pulses transmitted per second
18 What does the transfer function of a system describe for the system ?
[A] Only zero-input response
[B] Only zero-state response
[C] Both zero-input and zero-state response
[D] Neither zero-input response nor zero-state response
Answer: Only zero-state response
32
19 Which one of the following is the correct statement ? The system characterized by the equation y(t) =
ax(t) + b is
[A] linear for any value of b
[B] linear if b > 0
[C] linear if b < 0
[D] non-linear
Answer: non-linear
20 Which one of the following systems described by the following input-output relations is non-linear ?
[A] y(n) = n x(2n)
[B] y(n) = x (n2)
[C] y(n) = n2x(n)
[D] y(n) = x2(n)
Answer: y(n) = x2(n)
1. The type of systems which are characterized by input and the output quantized at certain levels
are called as a) analog
b) discrete
c) continuous
d) digital
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Discrete systems have their input and output values restricted to enter some
quantised/discretized levels.
33
2. The type of systems which are characterized by input and the output capable of taking any value
in a particular set of values are called as a) analog
b) discrete
c) digital
d) continuous View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: Continuous systems have a restriction on the basis of the upper bound and lower bound,
but within this set, the input and output can assume any value. Thus, there are infinite values attainable
in this system
3. An example of a discrete set of information/system is
a) The trajectory of the Sun
b) Data on a CD
c) Universe time scale
d) Movement of water through a pipe View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The rest of the parameters are continuous in nature. Data is stored in the form of
discretized bits on CDs.
34
4. A system which is linear is said to obey the rules of
a) Scaling
b) Additivity
c) Both scaling and additivity
d) Homogeneity View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: A system is said to be additive and scalable in order to be classified as a linear system.
5. A time invariant system is a system whose output
a) Increases with a delay in input
b) Decreases with a delay in input
c) Remains same with a delay in input
d) Vanishes with a delay in input View Answer
Answer: c
35
Explanation: A time invariant system’s output should be directly related to the time of the output. There
should be no scaling, i.e. y(t) = f(x(t)).
6. Should real time instruments like oscilloscopes be time invariant? A) Yes
b) Sometimes
c) Never
d) They have no relation with time variance View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Oscilloscopes should be time invariant, i.e they should work the same way everyday, and
the output should not change with the time at which it is operated.
7. All real time systems concerned with the concept of causality are a) non causal
b) causal
c) neither causal nor non causal
d) memoryless View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: All real time systems are causal, since they cannot have perception of the future, and only
depend on their memory.
36
8. A system is said to be defined as non causal, when
a) The output at the present depends on the input at an earlier time
b) The output at the present does not depend on the factor of time at all
c) The output at the present depends on the input at the current time
d) The output at the present depends on the input at a time instant in the future View
Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: A non causal system’s output is said to depend on the input at a time in the future.
9. When we take up design of systems, ideally how do we define the stability of a system?
a) A system is stable, if a bounded input gives a bounded output, for some values of the
input
b) A system is unstable, if a bounded input gives a bounded output, for all values of the
input
c) A system is stable, if a bounded input gives a bounded output, for all values of the input
d) A system is unstable, if a bounded input gives a bounded output, for some values of the
input
37
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: For designing a system, it should be kept in mind that the system does not blow out for a
finite input. Thus, every finite input should give a finite output.
10. All causal systems must have the component of
a) Memory
b) Time invariance
c) Stability
d) Linearity
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Causal systems depend on the functional value at an earlier time, compelling the system to
possess memory.
38

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a. x(t) = x(t +T0)

d. None of the above

ANSWER: (a) x(t) = x(t +T0)

ANSWER: (b) Sampling

ANSWER: (d) -1 < a < 0

4) Damped sinusoids are _____

a. sinusoid signals multiplied by growing exponentials

b. sinusoid signals divided by growing exponentials

c. sinusoid signals multiplied by decaying exponentials

d. sinusoid signals divided by decaying exponentials

ANSWER: © sinusoid signals multiplied by decaying exponentials

a. Decreases with an increase in the magnitude of an independent variable (x)

b. Increases with an increase in the magnitude of an independent variable (x)

c. Always remains constant irrespective of variation in magnitude of ‘x’

6) A system is said to be shift invariant only if______

c. a shifting level does not vary in an input as well as output

d. a shifting at input does not affect the output

8) Under which conditions does an initially relaxed system become unstable?

a. only if bounded input generates unbounded output

b. only if bounded input generates bounded output

c. only if unbounded input generates unbounded output

d. only if unbounded input generates bounded output

ANSWER: (a) only if bounded input generates unbounded output

4. y(n) = cos x(n)

ANSWER: (d) 1, 2, 3 & 4

d. None of the above

ANSWER: © Invertible system

ANSWER: ©Unit Delay

d. None of the above

ANSWER: (b) Non-recursive Systems

a. Causal FIR Systems

b. Non-causal FIR Systems

c. Causal IIR Systems

d. Non-causal IIR Systems

ANSWER: (a) Causal FIR Systems

d. All of the above

ANSWER: (d) All of the above

a. initial condition of the system

b. negative initial condition of the system

c. negative feedback condition of the system

d. response of the system to its initial input

ANSWER: (a) initial condition of the system

a. Zero state response

b. Zero input response

ANSWER: (a) Zero state response

a. Zero state response should be linear

b. Principle of Superposition should be applicable to zero input response

d. All of the above

ANSWER: (d) All of the above

ANSWER: (d) Integration Operation

18) A LTI system is said to be initially relaxed system only if ____

a. Zero input produces zero output

b. Zero input produces non-zero output

c. Zero input produces an output equal to unity

d. None of the above

ANSWERa) Zero input produces zero output

ANSWER: (b) Cosine waves

21) Double-sided phase & amplitude spectra _____

a. Possess an odd & even symmetry respectively

b. Possess an even & odd symmetry respectively

c. Both possess an odd symmetry

d. Both possess an even symmetry

ANSWER: (a) Possess an odd & even symmetry respectively