1.

a deficiency in cofactors required for erythropoiesis can leads to Decreased production of RBCs and
as result anemia occurs. The following are cofactors required in erythropoiesis EXCEPT?

folic acid

vitamin B12

iron

leukocyte

2. Etiologic categories of anemia are the following EXCEPT:

Decreased RBCs production

Increased blood loss

Increase in number of WBCs as result of infection

Destruction of RBCs

3. In children, adolescents, and pregnant women, typically the main cause of anemia is

inadequate iron in the diet

blood loss

iron malabsorption

decrease secretion of erythropoietin

4. Aplastic anemia is disease caused by a decrease in or damage to marrow stem cells.✔

True

False

5. The inherited disease characterized by hemolytic anemia caused by inability to detoxify

oxidized✔agents is

Sickle cell anemia

G-6-PD

Thalassemias

Hereditary spherocytosis
6. Polycythemia refers to an increased volume of RBC where hematocrit is declined.✔

TRUE

FALSE

Rationale for Q1 in hematology Lewis B: At a high altitude there is decreased atmospheric oxygen, which
can lead to hypoxia (stimulant of erythropoiesis) which cause increased RBC count.

Rationale for Q2 in hematology Lewis B: The primary function of the granulocytic cells or the
granulocytes is phagocytosis, a process by which WBCs ingest or engulf any unwanted organism and
then digest and kill it.

Rationale for Q3 in hematology Lewis B: Prothrombin involves in activation of thrombin (which then
activates fibrinogen into fibrin)

Rationale for Q4 in hematology Lewis B: During an infection, the older adult may have only a minimal
elevation in the total WBC count because of impaired stimulation of hematopoiesis in aged people.

Rationale for Q5 in hematology Lewis B: Jaundice, yellow appearance of skin, mucous membranes or
sclera occur as result of accumulation of bile pigment(bilirubin) resulting from rapid or excessive
hemolysis or liver disease.

Bilirubin is a yellowish pigment that is made during normal breaking of red blood cells.

Rationale for Q6 in hematology Lewis B: Lymph nodes are situated both superficially and deep. The
superficial nodes can be palpated by light palpation, but deep lymph nodes cannot be palpated and are
best evaluated by radiologic examination.

To assess superficial lymph nodes, lightly palpate the nodes using the pads of the fingers.

Rationale for Q7 in hematology Lewis B: Ordinarily, lymph nodes are not palpable in adults. If a node is
palpable, it should be small (0.5 to 1 cm), mobile, firm, and nontender to be considered a normal
finding.

A node that is tender, hard, fixed, or enlarged (regardless if it is tender or not) is an abnormal finding
and warrants further investigation. Tender nodes are usually a result of inflammation, whereas hard or
fixed nodes suggest malignancy.

Rationale for Q9 in hematology Lewis B:

The patient is not neutropenic because WBCs count is in normal range (5,000-10,000cells/mm 3).

The patient has no infection because WBCs count is in normal range (5,000-10,000cells/mm 3).

The patient is at risk of bleeding because level of platelets is lower than normal range (150,000-
450,000platelets/microliter of blood)

The patient has no anemia as the Hgb is in normal range (13.2-17.3g/dL in male).
The following are major causes of anemia EXCEPT:✔

Decreased RBCs production

Increased blood loss

Increased RBCs destruction

Decreased blood pressure