UNIVERSITY OF CALOOCAN CITY

Biglang Awa St., Corner Catleya St., EDSA, Caloocan City

COLLEGE OF EDUCATION

ART APPRECIATION
SUBJECT CODE: GEC 006

TOPIC OR LESSON: Instrumental Music

WEEK: 12
SUB-TOPIC/S:

 INTRODUCTION TO THE TOPIC

Music is and artistic form of auditory communication incorporating

instrumental or vocal tones in a structured and continuous manner. It is also defined
as any pleasing and harmonious sound produced by singers or musical instruments.
There are many theories about the origins of music, and many agree that
music began over before man existed. Historiographers point out that there are six
periods of music, each possessing a particular style that greatly contributed to what
music is today.

LEARNING OUTCOME(S)

At the end of this module, the students are expected to develop even a small degree of
discernment about the differences in style between musical eras.

LEARNING
OBJECTIVE(S)

At the end of the lesson, students should be able to:

1. Identify the different periods of music and their characteristics;

2. Relate how the historical/cultural context of a particular era affects and shapes
the musical compositions of that period

ENGAGE

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Watch the video to have a glimpse of different music through time.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OW3JuoVRSHg

EXPLORE

What is the Oldest Known Piece of Music? by Evan Andrews

The history of music is as old as humanity itself. Archaeologists have found

primitive flutes made of bone and ivory dating back as far as 43,000 years, and it’s
likely that many ancient musical styles have been preserved in oral traditions. When it
comes to specific songs, however, the oldest known examples are relatively more
recent. The earliest fragment of musical notation is found on a 4,000-year-old
Sumerian clay tablet, which includes instructions and tunings for a hymn honoring
the ruler Lipit-Ishtar. But for the title of oldest extant song, most historians point to
“Hurrian Hymn No. 6,” an ode to the goddess Nikkal that was composed in cuneiform
by the ancient Hurrians sometime around the 14th century B.C. The clay tablets
containing the tune were excavated in the 1950s from the ruins of the city of Ugarit in
Syria. Along with a near-complete set of musical notations, they also include specific
instructions for how to play the song on a type of nine-stringed lyre.

“Hurrian Hymn No. 6” is considered the world’s earliest melody, but the oldest
musical composition to have survived in its entirety is a first century A.D. Greek tune
known as the “Seikilos Epitaph.” The song was found engraved on an ancient marble
column used to mark a woman’s gravesite in Turkey. “I am a tombstone, an image,”
reads an inscription. “Seikilos placed me here as an everlasting sign of deathless
remembrance.” The column also includes musical notation as well as a short set of
lyrics that read: “While you live, shine / Have no grief at all / Life exists only for a
short while / And time demands its toll.”

The well-preserved inscriptions on Seikilos Epitaph have allowed modern

musicians and scholars to recreate its plaintive melodies note-for-note. Dr. David
Creese of the University of Newcastle performed it using an eight-stringed instrument
played with a mallet, and an cient music researcher Michael Levy has recorded a
version strummed on a lyre. There have also been several attempts to decode and play
“Hurrian Hymn No. 6,” but because of difficulties in translating its ancient tablets,
there is no definitive version. One of the most popular interpretations came in 2009,
when Syrian composer Malek Jandali performed the ancient hymn with a full
orchestra.

EXPLAIN

DIFFERENT PERIODS/STYLE, MAJOR CHARACTERISTICS, AND FAMOUS

ARTISTS AND THEIR WORKS

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Middle Ages (450-1450)

 Music during this period was sacred (e.g., Church Mode, Gregorian Chant,
Organum, Masses) and secular music (e.g., Arts Nova). Two of the famous
musicians of the period were:

Name Nationality Work(s)

Hilegard von Bingen German O frondens viga from Ordo
(1098-1179) Virtutum
Adam de la Halle French Chansons

Renaissance (1450-1600)

 Vocal polyphone, secular music, and religious music were developed in this
period.
 The first printing of music took place.
 Music leadership was taken over by Italy from the Flemish school.

Name Nationality Work(s)

Claudio Monteverdi (1567- Italian Madrigali dei guerrieri ed amorosi
1643) Orfeo
William Byrd (1543-1623) English Psalms
Sonnets
Songs of Sadness and Piety
Giovanni Pierluigi da Italian Missa Papae Marcelli
Palestrina (1526-1594)
Orlando de Lassus (1530- Flemish Penitential Psalms of David
1594)

Baroque (1600-1750)

 Introduced during the period were chords and the Basso Continuo (Figured
Bass)
Name Nationality Work(s)
Johann Sebastian Bach German Branderburg Concerto
(1685-1750) Air on G String
Toccata and Fugue in D Minor
George Frederick Handel German Hallelujah Chorus
(1685-1759) Water Music
Music for the Royal Fireworks
Zadok the Priest
Antonio Vivaldi German Four Seasons
Gloria
Operas
Sacred Works

Classical (1750-1820)

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  The period was marked by the contrast of mood, the introduction of the
dynamics and the piano, and sonata allegro form.
 Basso Continuo ended during this period.

Name Nationality Work(s)

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart Austrian Don Giovanni
(1756-1791) Eine Kleine Nachtmusik
Sonata No. 40 in G Minor
The Magic Flute
Franz Josef Haydn (1750- Austrian Farewell Symphony No. 45
1819) The Creation
The Season
Salomon Symphonies
The Surprise Symphony
Ludwig Van Beethoven German Symphony No. 5 in C Minor
(1770-1827) Fur Elise
Moonlight Sonata
Eroica
Pastoral Symphony
Franz Schubert (1797- Austrian Symphony in B Minor (unfinished)
1828) Sonata in C Major for two pianos
Fantasy in F Minor
Military March

Romantic (1820-1900)

 Among the notable characteristics during this period were freedom of form and
design, introduction of song-like melodies (lyrical) and dramatic contrasts of
dynamics and pitch, creation of big orchestras, wide variety of pieces, and
programmed music.
 Great technical virtuosity was evident.
 The sense of nationalism became stronger because of a reaction against the
German influence.

Name Nationality Work(s)

Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky Russian The Nutcracker Suite
(1840-1893) Piano Concerto No. 1
Swan Lake
Romeo and Juliet
1812 Overture
Pathetique
Eugene Onegin
Felix Mendelsohn- German The Midsummer Night’s Dream
Bartholdy (1809-1847) Elijah
Reformation
Symphony
Hebrides Overture
Songs Without Words

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 Violin Concerto in E Minor
Frederick Chopin (1810- Polish Waltzes
1849) Nocturnes
Preludes
Mazurkas
Polonaise
Revolutionary Etude
Opus
10
No. 12
Rondo in C Minor
Guiseppi Verdi (1813- Italian La Traviata
1901) Rigoletto
Aida
Macbeth
Oberto

Music in the 20th century

 This period was the age of musical diversity.
 Music was atonal and polyrhythmic.
 Music was characterized by having syncopated rhythms and improvisational
quality.
 Changes of style of individual composers were evident

Name Nationality Work(s)

Claude Debussy (1862- French Clair de Lune
1918) Nocturnes for Orchestra
String Quartet in G Minor
Violin and Piano Sonata
Arnold Schoenberg (1874- Austrian Pierrot Lunaire
1951) Moses and Aron
String Quartet No. 2
Piano Concerto
Igor Stravinsky (1910- Russian Cantata
1949) Concerto in D
Requiem Canticles
Symphony in C
Symphony in Three Movements
Violin Concerto
Pastorale
Bela Bartok (1881-1945) Hungarian Kossuth
Bluebeard’s Castle
The Wooden Prince
The Mandarin
Mikrokosmos
The Concerto for Orchestra
Sonata for two Pianos and Percussion

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 ELABORAT
E
Instrumental Music Awareness

Directions: Choose a piece of instrumental music you want to analyze. Answer the
following questions.

1. What is the title of your chosen piece of music and its composer?
2. What instrument(s) was/were used in the piece of music?
3. Is there a story/reason (political, patriotism, love/romance, etc.) behind the
composition of the music?
4. Was it used in any story or movies? What part of the movie(s) was it played? What
emotion(s) was/were displayed by characters?
5. How does the music make you feel?
6. Looking at the world today, is this music still relevant? How?

Lovelyn L. Maristela
BSE-English3A

INSTRUMENTAL MUSIC AWARENES

Title: Mamma Mia (Music in the 20th century)

Composer: Benny Andersson and Björn Ulvaeus
Instrument/s: The instrument used is the marimba, it is a catchy xylophone-like
hook. It is an instrument of African origin similar to the xylophone but with wooden
bars. Benny found a marimba in the studio and began playing it to see what it
sounded like. He liked the sound it made and began using it with a tick-tock effect.
 
Story/reason behind the composition: This song was composed to express and break
the endless and toxic romantic relationship that the protagonist cannot seem to get
out of. The term “Mamma Mia” is derived from Italian and is used to show surprise or
shock. Additionally, Benny Andersson, Björn Ulvaeus, and Stig Anderson offered this
song to be performed by the English pop group Brotherhood of Man, but they turned it
down.
A movie/play/story it was used and the emotions of the character when it was played: 
Mamma Mia! (film series) 
Mamma Mia!: The Movie (2008)
Mamma Mia!: Here We Go Again (2018)
Mamma Mia! is a light, sometimes silly, romantic musical comedy featuring gorgeous
scenery, a catchy soundtrack, and a well-known cast. The main messages from this
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movie are that sometimes you must take a chance and risk everything in order to
achieve your dreams.
        
How is this still relevant today?
The impact of the song leads to performed very well in many European countries,
including in the United Kingdom, where it reached number 1. On the U.S. Billboard
Hot 100, the song peaked at number 32. Being a very famous song, Mamma Mia has
been covered by numerous artists over the years. It is also considered as one of the
most popular cover versions of the song that was done by the Swedish pop group A-
Teens in 1999.
 

REFERENCE(S)

Cerbo, S. N., Gonong, G., Morales, G. S., Roman, L. (2010). An Introduction to the Humanities: The
Arts. Suatengco Publishing House. Caloocan City
Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OW3JuoVRSHg
Retrieved from https://www.history.com/news/what-is-the-oldest-known-piece-of-
music

Prepared by:

BINGO L. ALIG O

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