TRAFFIC SIGNS

RECOGNISATION
PRESENTED BY-
(62)-SAKSHI SINGH
(42)-KOMAL LOGADE
(76)-KARTIK WAGHELA
 TABLE OF CONTENT:
1) Introduction
2) Objective of project
3) Detection methods
4) Complexity
5) APPROACH
6) Explore dataset of project
7) Building CNN model
8) Train and validate the model
9) Output
10) conclusion
 Introduction
There are several different types of traffic
signs like speed limits, no entry, traffic signals,
turn left or right, children crossing, no passing
of heavy vehicles, etc. Traffic signs
classification is the process of identifying which
class a traffic sign belongs to.
In this Python project example, we will build
a deep neural network model that can classify
traffic signs present in the image into different
categories. With this model, we are able to read
and understand traffic signs which are a very
important task for all autonomous vehicles
 Objective of our project:
We chose this project due to its wide range of applications that
a system with capabilities provides . this is an attempt to make self
learning system that can itself understand and
recognize/interpret traffic signs.

The system has to be able to detect traffic signs independently of

their appearance in the image. Because of that, it has to be
invariant to:
1)Perspective distortion
2)Lighting changes
3)Partial occlusions
4)Shadows

In addition, it has to provide information about the presence of

possible problems:
• Lack of visibiLity
• bad condition
• bad pLacement
 Detection Methods

• traffic sign detection methods are

inherently dependent on the nature of
data for which they were developed.

• the approaches that we are going to

follow in the detection stage have
traditionally been divided into two kinds:
1. Colour based methods:
• Understanding of different coLors
• coLor based segmentation
2. Shape based methods.
 Complexity
• inpUt type:
videos or static images?• scope of the method: is the method
applicable for a single traffic sign class or for multiple
classes?

• fiLming conditions:
is the data shot in broad daylight, in night time or both?
Are there adverse weather conditions such as rain, snow, fog?

• sensor type:
high resolution or low resolution camera, grayscale or
color? Multiple cameras? Other sensors?
• processing reqUirements:
should the signs be detected in real time or is offline
processing acceptable?

• acceptabLe trUe positive and faLse positive rates:

determined by the nature of the problem.
 APPROACH:
INPUT

FEATURE
SEGMENTATION DETECTION
EXTRACTION

OUTPUT
 EXPLORE DATASET OF PROJECT
We accessed dataset of our project from
“https://bitbucket.org/jadslim/german-
traffic-signs”. oUr ‘train’ foLder contains 43
folders each representing a different
class. The range of the folder is from 0 to
42. With the help of the OS module, we
iterate over all the classes and append
images and their respective labels in the
data and labels list.
THE PIL LIBRARY IS USED TO OPEN IMAGE CONTENT INTO AN ARRAY.
FINALLY, WE HAVE STORED ALL THE IMAGES AND THEIR LABELS INTO LISTS
(DATA AND LABELS).
WE NEED TO CONVERT THE LIST INTO NUMPY ARRAYS FOR FEEDING TO THE
MODEL.
HERE, WE UNZIPPED OUR DATASET BY USING
PICKLE
 impLemented ‘assert’ to check
condition if the data is input Open cv technique is used.
correctly.

THE IMAGES ARE EXTRACTED, DETECTED AND RECOGNIZED BY PRE-

PROCESSING WITH SEVERAL IMAGE PROCESSING TECHNIQUES, SUCH AS,
THRESHOLD TECHNIQUES.
THEN, THE STAGES ARE PERFORMED TO DETECT AND RECOGNIZE THE TRAFFIC
SIGN PATTERNS.
BUILD A CNN MODEL
2 CONV2D LAYER (FILTER=60,
KERNEL_SIZE=(5,5), activation=”RELU”)
MAXPOOL2D LAYER ( POOL_SIZE=(2,2))
DROPOUT LAYER (RATE=0.5)

2 CONV2D LAYER (FILTER=30,

KERNEL_SIZE=(3,3), activation=”RELU”)
MAXPOOL2D LAYER ( POOL_SIZE=(2,2))
DROPOUT LAYER (RATE=0.5)

FLATTEN LAYER TO SQUEEZE THE LAYERS

INTO 1 DIMENSION
DENSE FULLY CONNECTED LAYER (500
nodes, activation=”RELU”)
DROPOUT LAYER (RATE=0.5)
DENSE LAYER (43 NODES,
activation=”SOFTMAX”)
-A CONVOLUTIONAL NEURAL NETWORK (CNN) IS A SPECIFIC TYPE OF ARTIFICIAL NEURAL
NETWORK THAT USES PERCEPTRONS, A MACHINE LEARNING UNIT ALGORITHM, FOR SUPERVISED
LEARNING, TO ANALYZE DATA. CNNS APPLY TO IMAGE PROCESSING, NATURAL LANGUAGE
PROCESSING AND OTHER KINDS OF COGNITIVE TASKS.

-A CONVOLUTIONAL NEURAL NETWORK IS ALSO KNOWN AS A CONVNET.

CNNS ARE POWERFUL IMAGE PROCESSING, ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (AI) THAT USE DEEP
LEARNING TO PERFORM BOTH GENERATIVE AND DESCRIPTIVE TASKS, OFTEN USING MACHINE
VISION THAT INCLUDES IMAGE AND VIDEO RECOGNITION, ALONG WITH RECOMMENDER SYSTEMS
AND NATURAL LANGUAGE PROCESSING (NLP).

-A CNN USES A SYSTEM MUCH LIKE A MULTILAYER PERCEPTRON THAT HAS BEEN DESIGNED FOR
REDUCED PROCESSING REQUIREMENTS. THE LAYERS OF A CNN CONSIST OF AN INPUT LAYER, AN
OUTPUT LAYER AND A HIDDEN LAYER THAT INCLUDES MULTIPLE CONVOLUTIONAL LAYERS,
POOLING LAYERS, FULLY CONNECTED LAYERS AND NORMALIZATION LAYERS.

-THE REMOVAL OF LIMITATIONS AND INCREASE IN EFFICIENCY FOR IMAGE PROCESSING RESULTS
IN A SYSTEM THAT IS FAR MORE EFFECTIVE, SIMPLER TO TRAINS LIMITED FOR IMAGE
PROCESSING AND NATURAL LANGUAGE PROCESSING.
WE COMPILE THE MODEL WITH ADAM OPTIMIZER WHICH PERFORMS
weLL and Loss is “CATEGORICAL_CROSSENTROPY” becaUse we
HAVE MULTIPLE CLASSES TO CATEGORISE.
TRAIN AND VALIDATE THE MODEL
OUR MODEL GOT A 95% ACCURACY ON THE TRAINING DATASET. WITH
MATPLOTLIB, WE PLOT THE GRAPH FOR ACCURACY AND THE LOSS.
OUTPUT:
CONCLUSION
THE ALGORITHM THAT HAS BEEN USED FOR TRAFFIC SIGNS
IT CAN BE GENERALIZED TO DEAL WITH OTHER KINDS OF
OBJECTS.
THE KNOWN DIFFICULTIES THAT EXIST FOR OBJECT
RECOGNITION IN OUTDOOR ENVIRONMENTS HAVE BEEN
CONSIDERED.
THIS WAY THE SYSTEM IS IMMUNE TO LIGHTING CHANGES,
OCCLUSIONS AND OBJECT DEFORMATION BEING USEFUL
FOR DRIVER SUPPORT SYSTEMS.
DUE TO THIS KNOWLEDGE OF THE SIGN STATUS, IT IS
BELIEVED THAT THE SYSTEM IS USEFUL FOR OTHER
APPLICATIONS SUCH AS MAINTENANCE AND INVENTORIES
OF TRAFFIC SIGN IN HIGHWAYS AND OR CITIES.
THANK YOU!