Geometry

Concepts
 30 secs
Move minimum number
of matchsticks 18
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2
Change the direction of
STOP!
1 3 fish from left to right

1 3

Answer: 3 Matchsticks
 “Move” minimum number
30 secs
of matchsticks 18
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20
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Change the direction of
fish from left to top or STOP!
1 bottom

Answer: 2 Matchsticks
 30 secs
“Move” any 2 matchsticks
18
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Make 4 squares of the STOP!
1 same size as now

2 2
 30 secs
18
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Make Four Equilateral triangles using Six Matchsticks
STOP!
Triangles
Properties of Special Triangles – Right Angled Triangle

Pythagoras Theorem a2 + c2 = b2

Pythagorean
Forming Triplet Triplets
Pythagorean 2.
1. Starting
3. Commonwith
Multiple
Even
Odd Numbers
of
Numbers
any Triplet

b Set of 3 numbers
a) Square that satisfy
the smallest number Pythagoras Theorem 6
538
c Multiply
(or a basic
form the triplet
sides by any common
of a right-angled factor to get 2another
triangle) 53 6
82=2=2536
=964
Triplet
b) Divide by 4 36
64 ÷ 4 = 916
(3, 4, 5) (5, 12, 13) (8, 15, 17)
b) Split the square3 × (5,
2into(3,2 12,
4, 5)13) = (15,
= (6,
consecutive 36, 39) 12
8,numbers
10) 4 13
5
a c) Take the previous and the next integers 815 10
17
Triangles 60 secs
00 : 19
01 18
02
20
21
17
22
23
24
32
03
01
00
16
06
35
31
07
26
25
27
11
37
15
28
36
34
56
08
13
14
29
30
10
04
09
12
05
54
50
40
52
42
38
48
41
33
45
59
49
57
58
53
55
51
39
46
43
44
47
Assignment STOP!
A ladder 85 m long is resting against a wall, with its bottom end 40 m away from
the wall. If this ladder slips 7 m from the top, by how many meters will its
bottom end move further away from the wall?
Triangles
(40 + X)h2 = 852 – 68
402 = 2601
5625

Assignment h = 75
40 + X 51 m
X = 11 m
7m

75 m
h 85 m
68 m

40 m Xm
11
Triangles
CPLC Brahamastra
Assignment Pythagorean Triplet?
?
415 ?38 517
7m

75 mh 85 m (17
(5 ××17)
5)
(5(5××15)
?)
68 m
(17 × 4)

40 m Xm
11
(5 × 3)
(17 8)
?)
Triangles

2. Altitude
1. Median toto Hypotenuse
Hypotenuse is equal to half the Hypotenuse
X
a×b=h×c
R Mid-point of Hypotenuse is the
x
cC Circumcentrex ×ofy a=right-angled
h2
a R triangle
h Ry The vertex having the right
O angle is the Orthocentre of
Y b Z a right-angled triangle
Special Right-angled Triangles

30-60-90 Triangle 45-45-90 Triangle

60o 2 45o
1 2x 1
x 90o x
30o 90o 45o
√   𝟑 1
𝐱 √𝟑 x
Triangles
When a Geometric figure is enlarged or reduced

Only the Linear dimensions change

93
12
proportionately
20oo
20
60 3X
4 Angular dimensions remain the same
Triangles
Tests to check if
Congruent Triangles and Similar Triangles
Triangles are Congruent
Congruent Triangle S-S-S
All sides equal S-A-S
x x A-S-A
a b All angles equal a b R-H-S
z y z y
c c
Same shape and Same size
Triangles
Tests to check if
Congruent Triangles and Similar Triangles Triangles are Similar

x Similar Triangles A-A

S-A-S
x All angles equal S-S-S
x
a b 2a a a
x
b b 2b Corresponding sides
2
a x b
10 c 10 2
proportionate
z 10 y
z y
z y c
z 2 y
c z c y
2c
Same shape but may or may
not be same size
Triangles
Basic Proportionality Theorem

A A line parallel to any side of a triangle, divides

the other two sides proportionately

If DE || BC

D E AD AE
Then, =
DB EC
B C
Triangles
Mid-Point Theorem
A line joining mid-points of any two sides of a
A
triangle is parallel to its third side and half its length

If D and E are mid-points of AB and AC respectively

D E
Then, DE || BC
1
And, DE = BC
B C 2
I. 2-Dimensional Figures
Figure Perimeter Area Other
A x
= r = ×1 h
3
x x
h 3x × x2 h= ×2 x
4 R = ×2 xh
B x C 3
r = Inradius
Equilateral Triangle R = Circumradius
I. 2-Dimensional Figures
Figure Perimeter Area Other
B
a c 1 b a
a+b+c   a2 + b2 = c2
2
C A
b
Right Angled Triangle
I. 2-Dimensional Figures
Figure Perimeter Area Other

b 1 d
a h1 d1   (h1 + h2) Area of cyclic Quadrilateral
a+b+c+d 2
dθ2 1 d d
h2
d c  1  2  Sin θ
2
General Quadrilateral

s = semi perimeter
I. 2-Dimensional Figures
Figure Perimeter Area Other
x
x2  Sin θ
d2
x x 4x 4x2 = d12 + d22
1 d d
θ d1  1 2
2
x
Rhombus
I. 2-Dimensional Figures
Figure Perimeter Area Other
l
d l b
b θ b 2(l + b) d2 = l2 + b2
d 1 d2 Sin θ
 
l 2

Rectangle
I. 2-Dimensional Figures
Figure Perimeter Area Other
x
d x2
x x 4x d= × x
d 1 d2

x 2
Square
I. 2-Dimensional Figures
Figure Perimeter Area Other
a
m 1 h
c d a+b+c+d   (a + b) A= h m
h 2
b
m = Median
Trapezium = (a + b)
2
I. 2-Dimensional Figures
Figure Perimeter Area Other

a a
d2 2(a + b) 1 d d
d1
 1 2
b b 2

Kite
I. 2-Dimensional Figures
Perimeter
Figure (Circumference) Area Other

r 2πr π r2

d πd π d2
4

Circle
II. 3-Dimensional Figures
Figure Volume Surface Area
Lateral S.A. 4x2
x3 Flat S.A. 2x2
x
x Total S.A. 6x2
x
Cube
II. 3-Dimensional Figures
Figure Volume Surface Area
Lateral S.A. 2(l + b)h
h lbh Flat S.A. 2lb
b
l Total S.A. 2(lh + bh + lb)
Cuboid
II. 3-Dimensional Figures
Figure Volume Surface Area

r Lateral / Curved S.A. 2πrh

h π r2 h Flat S.A. 2 π r2
Total S.A. 2 π r (r + h)
Right Circular Cylinder
II. 3-Dimensional Figures
Figure Volume Surface Area

h2 + r2 = l2 Lateral/Curved S.A. πrl

l 1 π r2 h
h × Flat S.A. π r2
3
r Total S.A. π r (r + l)
Right Circular Cone
II. 3-Dimensional Figures
Figure Volume Surface Area
Lateral / Curved S.A. 4 π r2
4 π r3 Flat S.A.
r × –
3
Total S.A. 4 π r2

Sphere
II. 3-Dimensional Figures
Figure Volume Surface Area

Lateral / Curved S.A. 2 π r2

r 2 π r3
× Flat S.A. π r2
3
Total S.A. 3 π r2

Hemisphere
III. Proportionality of Area and Volume
In case of figures that are similar:

Area is proportional to square of any linear dimension

Volume is proportional to cube of any linear dimension

II. 3-Dimensional Figures 30 secs
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Assignment STOP!

In the given figure, AD = 12 units and BC = 4 units. Find the ratio of the areas of
triangles ADE and BCE.
A B
E

D C
III. Proportionality of Area and Volume

Assignment ∆ADE ~ ∆BCE

A
B
× Ratio of sides = 3 : 1
E ×
ο ο Angles DC
12
4 Ratio ofsubtended
Vertically
areas = 392by
opposite 1the
:Angles
2 same arc AB

# #
D C
II. 3-Dimensional Figures 30 secs
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Assignment STOP!

If the ratio of the surface areas of two cubes is 49 : 100, find the ratio of their
volumes.
III. Proportionality of Area and Volume

Assignment

Ratio of Surface Area = 49 : 100

Ratio of Surface Sides = 7 : 10

Ratio of Volumes = 343

73 : 1000
103
Thank You