CoNaiaa) {An organism isa living thing, “These.are some examples of organisms {A population is a ernuin of organisms of the same kind that live together and reproduce in a particular place. 274A population size increases when ‘+ members of the population reproduce + there is an abundance of food, water + organisms of the same kind move in ‘A population size decreases when ‘+ members of the population die + theyare affected by diseases ‘+ organisms of the same kind move out ‘The place where an organism lives is called its habitat. A habitat provides an organism with food, water, air, space, as well as shelter and protection. Some examples of habitats are seashore, pond, ‘mangrove swamp and tree. garden, field, eafliter, rotting log, ‘Mangrove swamp |TF 6. _Allthe populations living in a habitat depend on one another for survival. They are interdependent. 7. A community is made up of many populations living together in a habitat. 8. Below are some of the factors which affect the survival of an organism in.a habitat: a + Soll < r ‘Sandy soil is dry, has big air spaces in between, and a good supply of oxygen . 4Garden soil is very fertile, not too dry or too wet, and contains a lot of decayed plants and remains of animals. Garden sail Clayey soll is usually wet, tends to clump together and has poor oxygen supply ‘lave sail + Food + Water + Other organisms + Temperature + ght *, Air11. Afood chain shows the relationship between different organisms. It shows how energy is transferred from one organism to another, . It always begins with a producer. & © carats Cabages Grass ‘Mae Herbivores, carnivores and omnivores are all consumers. They get their food either directly or indirectly from food producers.4, Food chains can be interconnected to form a food web. bear, . we a Example of a food web 5. When there is an increase or decrease in the number of a prey or a predator, the number of the other organisms in the food chain willbe affected ‘ SE Grass ——> Rabbit ———+ Fox t y When the number of foxes in the habitat increases, the number of rabbits decreases as there is an increase in the number of predator of the rabbits. This = in turn causes the population of the grass to increase as there are now fewer \ rabbits to feed on the grass. | Ch ial it te Ent \ a2Ina food chain ora food web, the populations ofall the producers and consumers are kept in balance. Decomposers (eg, bacteria, fungi) feed on dead plants and animals. They break down dead matter and animal wastes into mineral salts, water and carbon dioxide, ‘Some examples of decomposers are sown below: Dilferent types of bacteria Most of these simpler substances are returned to the soil. They make the soil fertile for plants to grow. 1. Organisms need special characteristics called adaptations to help them survive in their natural habitats 2. The cactus has small needle-like leaves to reduce surface area of the leaves and hence, reduce water loss through transpiration Italso has a thick fleshy stem to store lot of water so that the plants can use the water during dry times. The stem also has chlorophyll to take over photosynthesis from the leaves.‘The roots of a cactus spread over a wide area just beneath the soil surface so that they can absorb as much water as possible when it rains. cactus lant ‘The camel has large padded feet to allow it to walk on soft sand without sinking. Itstores fats in its hump to provide exergy to keep it going. The camel produces very little sweat and urine so as to conserve water. Besides, it is also able to drink more than 100 litres of water ata time so that it can travel long distances without drinking any water. The long, thick eyelashes of the camel help to prevent sand from being blown intoits eyes. ‘The camels well adopted to ts environmentSection A: Multiple-Choice Questions Marks: /50 For each question from 1 to 20, four opticns are given, One of them is the correct answer. Write the correct answer in the bracket given. (20x m= = 20m) 1. The table below shows the number of organisms that form a food chain in a seashore community. ‘Organisms [Number W. 20 x 45 Y z 2 Which of the following food chains is in the correct order? (A) WHxdY9z (2) 29Y>W>x (3) XW>Y9z (4) X97>W>Y Cy 2. The graph below shows the changes in the number of Population ¥ and Population Z in a jungle over a period of 6 months, These 2 populations have a direct food relationship. No. of organisms / Time (months) Based on the graph, which of the follewing is not lkely to be true?A: fis a plant, Vis an animal that feeds on it B: ifboth Y and Z are animals, Z isa predator of. C; Ifboth ¥ and Z are animals, 2 is a prey of ¥. (a) Aoniy (2) Bonly (3) Aand Bonly (4) AandConly Which type of soil has the poorest supply of oxygen? (a) sandy soil (2) garden soil (3) rocky soil (4) clayey soil (2) ight 2) carbon dioxide (3) temperature (4) water‘Study the graph below carefully and use itto answer Questions 5 and 6. s No. of organism Z Time 5. Which part of the graph shows an increase in the population of Animal Z ? ae aa aR @s ( 6. What are the possible factors which cause the decrease in the population of ‘Animal 2? ‘A: Disease outbreak B: Shortage of food C:_ Introduction of predators D: Over-feeding (1) AandConly (2) Band D only (3) A,BandC only (4) Alof the above a)Study the food web below and use it to answer Questions 7, 8 and 9. 7. How many omnivore(s) is/are there in the food web? (a) one (2) two (3) three (4) four 8. Which organism functions both as a prey and a predator? (a) hawk (2) grasshopper (3) sparrow (4) mouse 9. An increase in the hawk population is likely to cause A: an increase in the garter snake population 1 a decrease in the hognose snake population 8 C:_ anincrease in the toad population > ‘a decrease in the rabbit populaton (a) Bonly (2) Band Conly (3) AandD only (4) 8,Cand D only10, The table below shows a food chain. Producers —> Primary — Secondary —> Tertiary Consumers Consumers. Consumers How will the other organisms be affec:ed ifthe number of secondary consumers Increases? (2) Producers decrease and primary consumers increase (2) Tertiary consumers increase and producers increase (3) Primary consumers increase and tertiary consumers decrease (4) Tertiary consumers increase and primary consumers increase.) 111, The diagram below shows a food chain. Plant —> rabbit —> fox The events listed below (not in the correct sequence) took place when adisease struck and most of the foxes died as ¢ result. ‘Which of the following shows the correct sequence of events? A: Therabbit population sowiy deceased There wasinsfficent food forthe abit, 2 The rabbit population quik increased 4: Theplan popustion decrease. 5 (a) v>caB>A 2) BaCaAd0 (3) CHDDBDA (4) CHBDDDA ( ) : 12. The table below shows how some aquatic animals can be classified, Group A Group B Group ¢ tadpole water beetle | mosquito larva | shrimp water spider | water scorpion ‘The animals are classified according to (3) their habitat (2) how they breathe in water (3) their body covering (4). their body structure (oe)13. Why are aquatic plants useful to the animals in a pond? ‘A: They provide the animals with oxygen to breathe. B: They provide the animals with food. C: They provide shelter for the animals. > + They keep the water warm for the animals, (a) Aand Conly (2) Band Donly (3) A,BandConly (4) Allof the above (1) astcto sec (2) 60°C to 658 (@) 65% to 70° (@) 700 75% on) ” ®16, study the following information preserted in the chart below. eee! i (Comnivores [ [ l [ 1 cannot | [can [cannot can [ cannot an swim | {swim | |_swim_| swim swim _| |_swim P a R s T u Plant ——> AnimalG —> Animal E ‘The food web below shows the relationships among Animals C, E and other living things in the community. Based on the information provided, which animals are C and E likely to represent? (a @ 8) a) ‘Animal C | Animal € e vu 5 T Q P v R17. Four different kinds of birds, , Q, R and $ are shown below. P a R 8 Which one of the following correctly shows the food eaten by P, Q, Rand S? (2) |_nuts | meat_| nectar | fish (2) fish nuts | meat | nectar (3) | nectar | meat | seed | nuts (@) [meat [nectar | nuts [fab ) 18. The following graph shows a changein the population of deer in a grassland. Population of deer Time 5 ich of the flowing events couldhve taken lac fom Pot Ro Poin? i (There vasa rout (2) tnreducton ofthe predators of deer (2) Hunters killed the deer (A) Predators of deer died of a widespread disease20. 19. Which of the following organisms are affected by the concentration of oxygen in the water? A: dolphin B: shrimp C: water spider D: dragonfly nymph E: tadpole Fs waterstick insect (1) 8, Dand€ only (2) A,B and E only (3) C.D, Eand only (4) 8 ¢, Dand F only Inaleaflitter community the population of animals willdecreaseif. more prey are introduced into the habitat B: the habitat is dry the rotting leaves are damp D:_ the habitats dark. (a) Bonly (2) Bend Coniy (3) Aand Donly (4) Bend D onlySection B: Open-ended Questions ‘Answer all the following questions. (30 marks) 21. The table below shows the number of animals living in a pond community ‘Organs Number of Organisms Tadpole 0 Dragon 2 @® Mosquito 5 ly;§ Damselfly larva 12 Noes Fish 3 Toad § Dragonfly nymph 8 Wil 3 ‘a, How many populations of organisms are there? (1m) b. Which population has the smallest number? What is the size of that population? (2m) 22, ‘The diagram below shows two types of fish. Fish P Fish Q ‘a, Howis Fish P better adapted at catching its prey? Explain your answer. (2m)b. Based on the diagram above, explain how the structural adaptation of Fish Geenablesitto avoid being easly spotted by its predator (2m) 23. Using the information below, construct a food web using the letters A, B,C, D and Ein the box provided. (3m) Organism Cand O are herbivores. Crganam 8 preys on At also feeds on E. Organsim E makes is own food. & Organism A isa predator of C and D. fe)24, The diagram below shows a plant planted in a desert ‘ ‘sol Give 3 reasons why the plant is not zble to survive in a desert. (3m) “ wy) i) ——______ 25, The diagram below shows the feet of a bird. (a) Inwhat way isthe feet of the bird shown above adapted to move in water? (am)(b) Give an example ofa bird with the feet shown above. (1m) {c)_ The bird has many bones which are hollow. Explain how this characteristic helps the bird in its movement. (1m) 26. Study the food chain shown below. Plant —> moth — praying mantis, If there is @ decrease in the population of the praying mantis, complete the graphs below to show what will ikely happen to the different populations. (2m) Plat a population Time27. a, Acarnivore such as the lion gets its energy indirectly from the sun when it feeds on a herbivore such as the goat. Explain how the lion gets its energy Indirectly from the sun. (2m) b. Construct a food chain based on the food relationship in (a). (17) 28. The diagram below shows a water scorpion, Y) ‘8. Explain why the water scorpion hangs upside dawn fenm the water surface. (2m) b. How is the whale adapted for taking in oxygen from the air? (1m)29. The diagram below shows 2 water hyacinth plant. ‘The water hyacinth isa flowering aquatic plant that floats on water. Explain how the plant is able to float on water. (1m) 'b. Why is it important for the water hyacinth to float on water? (1m) =) The leaves of the duckweeds are covered with a layer of wax. What is the ui function of this waxy layer? (1m)30. A diagram of the polar bear is shown below. Give 3 reasons to explain why the polar bear would not be able to survive in a jungle in Singapore. (3m) Reason 1: Reason 2 Reason 3