Question! Extended Which of the followingis a comect explanation as towhy mammals havea double circulatory system? A Toreduce pressure of bloodretuming from the lungs to supply cells of the body most efficiently with the reactants for respiration, BB To increase the pressure of blood sent to the lungs to supply cells of thebody most efficiently with thereactants for respiration, C.Toincrease the pressure of bloodreturning from thelungs to supply cells of the body most efficiently with thereactants forrespiration. D.To reduce pressure of blood sent to the lungs to supply the cells mosteefficiently with the products for respiration. [mark] Question 2 Extended The diagram below shows a vertical section through a humanheart, x my —z Which row of the following tablehas the correct names for the structures labelledin the diagram? x ¥ Zz A atrioventricular valve semilunarvalve septum 8 semilunarvalve ‘atrioventricularvalve septum c semilunarvalve semilunarvalve atrioventiicularvalve D atioventiicularvalve atrioventricular valve septumQuestion Ta (@) Ascientist investigated the effect of different types of activity on heart rate of participants aged 21 after they hadcompleted theactivity for 10 minutes. Theresults areshownin Fig. 1. 0: 120 100 0. ‘ait Resting Running wing Cycing Swenmng ‘ype ofachaty Fig.1 0 State two control variables the scientist should have ensured throughout theinvestigation, a Describe the results of the investigation, Question Ib tb) Describehow the scientist couldhavemeasured and recordedheartrate, e) 3) [5marks] a [3marks}Question Ie Extended () Explain the effect swimminghas onheartrate. a [3marks} Question 2a Extended Only (a) Fig. Ishows a photomicrograph of humanblood. ome — a, Fig.1 Describe the citferences in appearance andthe functions of the three cells abelledin Fig. | (6) [émarks]Question 2b Extended Only () Fig, 2shows someof the stages of bloodclotting. ‘a blood vessel breaks ataets colect athe breakin the blood vessel | Tormne a mesh at the break inthe blood vessel Fig.2 @ Complete Fig. 2by filingin the two empty boxes. a “iy Statetworoles of blood clotting, 2 [3marks} Question] The human body has a number of barriers toprevent infection by pathogens some of which are listedbelow. 1.skin 2. Mucus 3.Hairsinthenose 4. Antibodies 5 Stomachacid Which of these are examples of mechanicalbartiers? Aland3 Bi,2enda C2and4 D.1.3and5 [mark]Question2 Which of the following diseases listed below are not caused by infectious pathogens? 1. Coronary Heart Disease 2.Cholera 3.AIDS 4. Scurvy A2only B.landa C.2ana3, D.2,3and4 [mark] Question! (@) 0 Describeand explain the effects of cholera bacteria on the gut. 4 aw Suggest one treatment for cholera, a [5marks] Question 2a (@) What termisused to describe ‘disease-causing organisms’? o) [mari]Question 2b (b) Fig, Ishows some virus particles that cause the transmissible disease, influenza, B e? ece Fig.1 ‘Suggest how the virus particles that causeiinfiuenza are transmitted from onepperson to another. 2) [2marks] Question 2c © Describe the defences of the body which prevent orfight infection 3 [3marks] Question 2d (d) Explain why antibiotics arenot successtulintreatinginfiuenza ra) [2marks}