COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS

ACADEMIC YEAR 2015-2016

EXERCISES ABOUT NOISE IN TELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEMS

EXERCISE 1

Consider the communication system shown in Fig. 1 and the related quantities referred to
each element in the system. The system is a chain composed by a receiving antenna at a
temperature Ta = 350K, a first amplifier of gain Gd1 = 12dB and noise figure F1 = 4dB, and
a second amplifier of gain Gd2 = 30dB and noise figure F2 = 9dB. Compute the useful
signal power Pr at the input of the receiver (section ”a” of the system, just following the
antenna), in order to obtain an output SNR = 45 dB. Assume an equivalent noise
bandwidth BN = 10 MHz.
 

 
 
Figure 1.
 
EXERCISE 2

Assume to have a receiving system for TV signals composed by the following chain of
elements after the receiving antenna:
1) a pre-amplifier with gain G1 = 20 dB, noise figure F1 = 6 dB
2) a coaxial cable featuring an attenuation A2 = 3 dB
3) an amplifier having gain G3 = 60 dB and noise figure F3 = 16 dB
Compute the total noise figure of the chain shown in Fig. 2, and the total noise figure
obtained when removing the pre-amplifier and increasing the amplifier gain by 20 dB, with
the same noise figure.
 

 
 
Figure  2.  
 
 EXERCISE 3

Let us consider two Linear Time Invariant (LTI) systems in a cascade configuration, as in
Fig. 3:

 
Figure 3.

The first system is an attenuator, for which: G1(f) = 1/A(f) =1/A. The second system is an
amplifier of gain G2(f) = G and noise temperature TG = 500 K. Consider the following
problems:
1) Calculate the noise temperature TQ of the cascade, assuming A = 10 dB and G = 20 dB
2) Calculate the noise figure FQ of the cascade
3) Swap the order of the systems and calculate the new TQ and FQ
4) Calculate the noise power at the output of the cascade when the bandwidth is B = 10
MHz.

EXERCISE 4

Let be given a TV set having a noise figure of 10dB, connected to the antenna by means
of a cable whose attenuation is 3dB (see Figure 4). First, compute the global noise figure
of the TV receiver system and, afterwards, propose a feasible solution to lower such a
noise figure of 7dB or more.

Figure 4.

EXERCISE 5

Let’s compute the number of cascades cable+repeater N in a coaxial cable line in order to
minimize the total noise figure of the cable system, given the following quantities:
• Noise figure of the repeater: FR;
• Total connection distance: DTOT;
• Total attenuation in dB: LTOT = A0 . DTOT (dB) (A0 is given in dB/Km and DTOT in Km)
• Length of each cable segment: DTOT/N;
• Cable attenuation for each segment (linear scale): Ac=(lTOT)1/N
 COMMUNICATION SYSIEMS
ACADEMIC YEAR 201 4.201 5

EXERCISES ABOUT NOISE IN TELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEMS

EXERCISE 1

Consider the communication system shown in Fig. 1 and the related quantities referred to
each element in the system. The system is a chain composed by a receiving antenna at a
temperature Ta = 350K, a first amplifier of gain Gd1 = 12dB and noise figure F1 = 4dB, and
a second amplifier of gain Gd2= 30dB and noise figure F2 = 9dB. Compute the usefulsignal
power Pr at the input of the receiver (section "a" of the system, just following the antenna),
in order to obtain an output SNR = 45 dB. Assume an equivalent noise bandwidth BN = 10
MHz.

C*t *: ? dB
Qc =30 *P

6,-r,
Ta=350 K § *4dB %=9cn
Figure 1.

Sq urior,(

(il. E
I 7ò1,
( rut ,L"U l* lsdl)
rI rur ":- F1 + Fr- t (,i u..*b *4el )
Gt
(§-l
\ N)*
: lÉ-
P* Pa
K (fi,*Y)B^t
lP"r'lk
t ,q-k
- 'fuf
rÀÒt;d^^

C.oxPoTfrn'r* Oi tt,"* )
n j< ldg n = fl,.5(L -h^^r,^* s.,"&- )
Fto - gJBÒ E =8 (l* !,ù-"'* tr'-bl'
Gl,t = 4zJe + &r.12 (,'^ "00*^ t*l
 fur= .l,r+ B .s..s+ F{xz.2g
W
r
( il" = 4sle =» (;li -,b6{rÀ =4e'u

('[t - 1§ + t''6e : 1r'6( dg

+ ,tolny,,(M = r,r6648

flr': tr,$ *Jo40" ln$o+y") Br7 =

, z tnE,«t ,[o,&yn,{131 'lo-23(9*"r")'/o'*l'
z \?.{e+ /ol"k,{sg9-e'lo-&l :
z l"z,{6 - 43"'5 =
- 9 e,yq ,l,S\/t/
t'*- J,r.An*^ ,^^^1 , Po z ,l,o-7"o8Tr* g ,2q, lo-f
CNJ
?"x8,2qru{
 EXERCISE 2

Assume to have a receiving system for TV ,ignrl, composed by the following chain of
elements after the receiving antenna:
1) a pre-amplifier with gain Gt = 20 dB, noise figure Fr = 6 dB
2) a coaxial cable featuring an attenuation Az = 3 dB
3) an amplifier having gain Gs = 60 dB and noise figure Fe = 16 dB
Compute the total noise figure of the chain shown'in Fig. 2, and the total noise figure
obtained when removing the pre-amplifier and increasing the amplifier gain by 20 dB, with
the same noise figure.

(3)
ampl

S"uun'o/
Crryl"y {t^- vn,v +y* W {a'f *+y"^-')^
t^Je yh : "^
IZ
lpr= n + Fz*1 1- n-l
4e
G,T q/àL
3db (*)
n:: 2 (k* te") V = 40 (h-r^ r.,_a.)

fur= q+ / + tro
-
4a
t%
4
§ 4.ol + Ù8
loo
L.ryg (e., Js)
Nr*, (o[',
Nr*, Al,, lrtvr*>rle fu N*4",{4^ / i^-rr"E I
t1*
&*^ -{tt* iVG:)
 EXERCISE.S

Let us consider two Linear Time lnvariant (LTl) systems in a cascade configuration, as in
Fig. 3:

A(f) G(f)
Figure 3.

The first system is an attenuator, for which: Gr(f) = 1/A(0 =11A. The second system is an
amplifier of gain Gz(f; = G and noise temperature Tc = 500 K. Consider the following
problems:
1) Calculate the noise temperature To of the cascade, assuming A = 10 dB and G = 20 dB

3) Swap the order of the systems and calculate the new Iq and Fq
4) Calculate the noise power at the output of the cascade when the bandwidth is B = 10
MHz.

SoLUnbJ
P,;^h A.)

Th = Ya+ */rr= fr + frTo

T&*,t"." f+z T.(4-ù *((t ,!
Tk = %0 *ù r- frYe -. 2?o.p + -{o.too
= ft46o1<
P"i*
fa z ro*(4
=
lcrr
h:H;,;i,oé+,-t)
 Fo= 2rl ,z (+ z rr)
Ptr^^,l- g)

Lr*tsu)* (L !4,*k L"ùlrr,

I
l.u W ca-sclq,ò (-o ,

TL= %+ ,/. à- W
t?(r a4
Tn= 2{to k Vo. gooK G= 4x
(i- b".r^ r"*&f
To* fos + ,rr%oo z- n6 K

+ 7.-2 F 4+Yo 4+y

'Y'L *2.81,
(rrz t,-tr;rl *o
\1 "7
!oi* 4,'
1V. = (** rt.( t rà
JK B^t

J
z G.tGz- = C/ V,t* Te
qr., Wc

G,= /-
N. = 4 ,gZ' {o'4 ' 1o (»ot'+4 6Ò) Lod: - 4o).sd;,)