Physics-Pt With Solution

Colegio San Agustin- Bacolod
Basic Education Department

Senior High School
1ST Semester, S.Y. 2020-2021
General Physics 1
Work, Energy, and Power
Performance Task in General Physics 1

(6)
Submitted to:
Ms. Proli Tondo
Submitted by:
De Guzman, Julia Nicole
Espinosa, Ma. Yzabelle
Galindez, Michaela Marie
Santillana, Cristhea
Varela, Angelie Meliton
Senior High School
General Physics 1
I. Introduction of Concepts
Ever since elementary, we were already taught that work, energy and power are interrelated.
We wouldn’t be able to do work if we don’t have energy and we can’t produce power if we don’t
work. This concept was carried by us until this senior high school years. In order for us to be
able to understand more of its concept, we are going to conduct an experiment to further
elaborate what is work, energy, and power how are they really interconnected. But first, we are
going to discuss and recall the definition of each concepts.
Work, in physics, measure of energy transfer that occurs when an object is moved over a
distance by an external force at least part of which is applied in the direction of the displacement.
If the force is constant, work may be computed by multiplying the length of the path by the
component of the force acting along the path. To express this concept mathematically, the work
W is equal to the force f times the distance d, or W = fd. If the force is being exerted at an angle
θ to the displacement, the work done is W = fd cos θ[CITATION The20 \l 1033 ].
Angle theta is not just an angle stated in the problem. This angle is in between the F and d
vectors. The angle depends on the direction and displacement of the F and d vectors. To further
understand, look on the picture below.
If the F is on the same direction with the displacement, then the angle is zero degrees. If they
are on the opposite direction, then the angle is 180 degrees. If the force is in the upward
direction, and the displacement is either in the left or right, then it is a right angle. Lastly, if the
force is on a diagonal left or right direction, and the displacement is directed either left or right,
then angle is equal to 45 degrees.
Finding for the work done by gravitational force, we will simply use the formula W=mgh,
where m is the mass of an object, g for the gravity, and h for the height of an object.
On the other hand, Energy, in physics, the capacity for doing work. It may exist in potential,
kinetic, thermal, electrical, chemical, nuclear, or other various forms. There are, moreover, heat
and work—i.e., energy in the process of transfer from one body to another. After it has been
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General Physics 1
transferred, energy is always designated according to its nature. Hence, heat transferred may
become thermal energy, while work done may manifest itself in the form of mechanical energy.
All forms of energy are associated with motion. For example, any given body has kinetic
energy if it is in motion. A tensioned device such as a bow or spring, though at rest, has the
potential for creating motion; it contains potential energy because of its configuration. Similarly,
nuclear energy is potential energy because it results from the configuration of subatomic
particles in the nucleus of an atom[CITATION The201 \l 1033 ]. But we would only focus on the two
parts of mechanical energy, which are the kinetic and potential energy. Solving for kinetic
1 2
energy, we have the formula, KE= mv .
2
For potential energy, we have PEgrav= mgh. When finding for the mechanical energy of an
object, we will just use the equation,
Emechanical= KE + PEgrav
Lastly, Power, The quantity work has to do with a force causing a displacement. Work has
nothing to do with the amount of time that this force acts to cause the displacement. Sometimes,
the work is done very quickly and other times the work is done rather slowly. For example, a
rock climber takes an abnormally long time to elevate her body up a few meters along the side of
a cliff. On the other hand, a trail hiker (who selects the easier path up the mountain) might
elevate her body a few meters in a short amount of time. The two people might do the same
amount of work, yet the hiker does the work in considerably less time than the rock climber. The
quantity that has to do with the rate at which a certain amount of work is done is known as the
power. The hiker has a greater power rating than the rock climber.
Power is the rate at which work is done. It is the work/time ratio. Mathematically, it is
computed using the following equation.
Power = Work / time
or
P=W/t
The standard metric unit of power is the Watt. As is implied by the equation for power, a
unit of power is equivalent to a unit of work divided by a unit of time. Thus, a Watt is equivalent
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to a Joule/second. For historical reasons, the horsepower is occasionally used to describe the
power delivered by a machine. One horsepower is equivalent to approximately 750
Watts[ CITATION Phy20 \l 1033 ].
II. Experiment/ Procedure
A. Preparation
1. Select two (2) different objects with different height and mass.
 We chose a thick book and an empty pencil case.
2. Measure both objects with the weighing scale;
 Thick book – 900g (0.9kg)
 Pencil case – 120g (0.12kg)
3. Measure both objects’ height with the measuring tape.
 Thick book – 3.3cm (0.033m)
 Pencil case – 3.6cm (0.036m)
4. Measure the height from the edge of the table to the floor.
 79.1cm (0.791m)
5. Prepare the timer and camera for video recording.
B. Experiment
1. Hold the object and position it at the edge of the table.
2. Make sure that the object is not resting on the table but is next to the edge of the
table.
3. Click the timer and simultaneously let go of the object.
4. Turn off the timer the moment the object reaches 25%, 50%, and 75% of the
maximum height and as the object reaches the floor.
5. This should be done for the both objects.
C. Table
Measurements of the Objects
OBJECT WEIGHT HEIGHT

PENCIL CASE 120 grams or 0.12 kilograms 3.6 centimeters or 0.036
meters
THICK BOOK 900 grams or 0.9 kilograms 3.3 centimeters or 0.033
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meters
Time of the Fall according to the given Height
OBJECT/WEIGHT HEIGHT TIME

79.1 cm
MAXIMUM or 0.57s
HEIGHT
PENCIL CASE 0.791 m
59.32500 cm
(0.12kg) Or
75% 0.48s
0.59325 m
39.55 cm
Or
50% 0.36s
0.3955 m
19.77500 cm
Or
25% 0.20s
0.19775 m
MAXIMUM 79.1 cm
HEIGHT Or
THICK BOOK 0.53s
0.791 m
59.32500 cm
Or
75% 0.46s
0.59325 m
39.55 cm
Or
50% 0.39s
0.3955 m
19.77500 cm
Or
25% 0.13s
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General Physics 1
0.19775 m
III. Illustrations
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IV. Computations
A. Work done by the gravitational force at maximum height, 75%, 50%, and 25% of
the maximum height.
For the results of work, it is important that it has the same values with the potential
energy given that the corresponding formula used is W=mgh and PE=mgh. This can be
explained because the formula of work is W=F¿d and F=mg due to force of gravity,
while d is the displacement whereas in this experiment the displacement is equal ti the
height of the free fall.
Data:
1m
Height (79.1 cm) – Max. Height = (79.1cm) ( ¿=0.791 m
0.01 cm
 75% of Max. Height ¿ ( 0.791 m )( 0.75 ) =0.59325 m≈ 0.59 m
 50% of Max. Height¿ ( 0.791 m )( 0.50 ) =0.3955 m≈ 0.59 m
 25% of Max. Height
MAXIMUM HEIGHT
OBJECT A:
W =mgh
¿−(0.12 kg)( 9.8 m/ s2 )(−0.791 m)

¿(−1.176)(−0.791)
¿ 0.930216 J
W ≈ 0.93 J
OBJECT B:
W =mgh
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General Physics 1
¿−(0.9 kg )( 9.8 m/s 2)(−0.791 m)

¿(−8.82)(−0.791)
¿ 6.97662 J
W ≈ 6.98 J
75% of MAXIMUM HEIGHT
OBJECT A:
W =mgh
¿−(0.12 kg)( 9.8 m/s2 )(−0.59325 m)

¿(−1.176)(−0.59325)
¿ 0.697662 J
W ≈ 0.70 J
OBJECT B:
W =mgh
¿−(0.9 kg )( 9.8 m/s 2)(−0.59325 m)

¿(−8.82)(−0.59325)
¿ 5.232465 J
W ≈ 5.23 J
OBJECT A:
W =mgh
¿−(0.12 kg)( 9.8 m/s2 )(−0.3955 m)

¿(−1.176)(−0.3955)
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General Physics 1
¿ 0.465108 J
W ≈ 0.47 J
OBJECT B:
W =mgh
¿−(0.9 kg )( 9.8 m/s 2)(−0.3955 m)

¿(−8.82)(−0.3955)
¿ 3.48831 J
W ≈ 3.49 J
OBJECT A:
W =mgh
¿−(0.12 kg)( 9.8 m/s2 )(−0.19775 m)

¿(−1.176)(−0.19775)
¿ 0.232554 J
W ≈ 0.23 J
OBJECT B:
W =mgh
¿−(0.9 kg )( 9.8 m/s 2)(−0.19775 m)

¿(−8.82)(−0.19775 m)
¿ 1.744155 J
W ≈ 1.74 J
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General Physics 1
MAXIMUM HEIGHT
OBJECT A:
d 0.791m
vA= =
t 0.57 s
v A =1.387719298
v A ≈1.39 m/s
PE A =mgh
¿−(0.12 kg)( 9.8 m/ s2 )(−0.791 m)

¿(−1.176)(−0.791)
¿ 0.930216 J
PE A ≈ 0.93 J
1
KE A = mv2
2
1 1.39 m 2
¿ (0.12 kg)( )
2 s
KE A =0.115926 J
KE A ≈ 0.112 J
EmA =PE A + KE A
¿ 0.93 J +0.112 J
¿ 1.402 J
EmA ≈ 1.40 J
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General Physics 1
OBJECT B:
d 0.791 m
v B= =
t 0.53 s
v B=1.49245283
v B ≈ 1.49m/ s
PE B =mgh
¿−(0.9 kg )( 9.8 m/s 2)(−0.791 m)

¿(−8.82)(−0.791)
¿ 6.97662 J
PE B ≈ 6.98 J
1
KE B = mv2
2
1 1.49 m 2
¿ (0.9 kg )( )
2 s
KE B =0.999045 J
KE B ≈ 0.99 J
EmB =PE B + KE B
¿ 6.98 J +0.99 J
EmB =7.97 J
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OBJECT A:
d 0.59325 m
vA= =
t 0.48 s
v A =1.2359375
v A ≈1.24 m/s
PE A =mgh
¿−(0.12 kg)( 9.8 m/s2 )(−0.59325 m)

¿(−1.176)(−0.59325)
¿ 0.697662 J
PE A ≈ 0.70 J
1
KE A = mv2
2
1 1.24 m 2
¿ (0.12 kg)( )
2 s
KE A =0.1092256 J
KE A ≈ 0.12 J
EmA =PE A + KE A
¿ 0.70 J +0.12 J
¿ 0.82 J
EmA ≈ 0.82 J
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OBJECT B:
d 0.59325 m
v B= =
t 0.46 s
v B=1.289673913
v B ≈ 1.29m/ s
PE B =mgh
¿−(0.9 kg )( 9.8 m/s 2)(−0.59325 m)

¿(−8.82)(−0.59325)
¿ 5.232465 J J
PE B ≈ 5.23 J
1
KE B = mv2
2
1 1.29 m 2
¿ (0.9 kg )( )
2 s
KE B =0.748845 J
KE B ≈ 0.75 J
EmB =PE B + KE B
¿ 5.23 J +0.75 J
EmB ≈ 5.98 J

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OBJECT A:
d 0.3955 m
vA= =
t 0.36 s
v A =1.098611111
v A ≈1.10 m/ s
PE A =mgh
¿−(0.12 kg)( 9.8 m/s2 )(−0.3955 m)

¿(−1.176)(−0.3955)
¿ 0.465108 J
PE A ≈ 0.47 J
1
KE A = mv2
2
1 1.10 m 2
¿ (0.12 kg)( )
2 s
KE A =0.726 J
KE A ≈ 0.73 J
EmA =PE A + KE A
¿ 0.47 J +0.73 J
EmA ≈ 1.2 J
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OBJECT B:
d 0.3955 m
v B= =
t 0.39 s
v B=1.014102564
v B ≈ 1.01m/s
PEB =mgh
¿−(0.9 kg )( 9.8 m/s 2)(−0.3955 m)

¿(−8.82)(−0.3955)
¿ 3.48831 J
PEB ≈ 3.49 J
1
KE B = mv2
2
1 1.01 m 2
¿ (0.9 kg )( )
2 s
KE B =0.459045 J
KE B ≈ 0.46 J
EmB =PE B + KE B
¿ 3.49 J +0.46 J
EmB ≈ 3.95 J

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OBJECT A:
d 0.19775 m
vA= =
t 0.20 s
v A =0.98875
v A ≈ 0.99m/ s
PE A =mgh
¿−(0.12 kg)( 9.8 m/s2 )(−0.19775 m)

¿(−1.176)(−0.19775)
¿ 0.232554 J
PE A ≈ 0.23 J
1
KE A = mv2
2
1 0.99 m 2
¿ (0.12 kg)( )
2 s
KE A =0.0594 J
KE A ≈ 0.06 J
EmA =PE A + KE A
¿ 0.23 J +0.06 J
EmA ≈ 0.29 J
OBJECT B:
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General Physics 1
d 0.19775 m
v B= =
t 0.13 s
v B=1.521153846
v B ≈ 1.52m/s
PEB =mgh
¿−(0.9 kg )( 9.8 m/s 2)(−0.19775 m)

¿(−8.82)(−0.19775)
¿ 1.744155 J
PEB ≈ 1.74 J
1
KE B = mv2
2
1 1.52 m 2
¿ (0.9 kg )( )
2 s
KE B =1.03968 J
KE B ≈ 1.04 J
EmB =PE B + KE B
¿ 1.74 J +1.04 J
EmB =2.78 J

Physics-Pt With Solution

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Physics-Pt With Solution

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Colegio San Agustin- Bacolod

Basic Education Department

Work, Energy, and Power

Performance Task in General Physics 1

Power = Work / time

II. Experiment/ Procedure

Measurements of the Objects

OBJECT WEIGHT HEIGHT

Time of the Fall according to the given Height

OBJECT/WEIGHT HEIGHT TIME

¿−(0.12 kg)( 9.8 m/ s2 )(−0.791 m)

¿−(0.9 kg )( 9.8 m/s 2)(−0.791 m)

75% of MAXIMUM HEIGHT

¿−(0.12 kg)( 9.8 m/s2 )(−0.59325 m)

¿−(0.9 kg )( 9.8 m/s 2)(−0.59325 m)

50% of MAXIMUM HEIGHT

¿−(0.12 kg)( 9.8 m/s2 )(−0.3955 m)

¿−(0.9 kg )( 9.8 m/s 2)(−0.3955 m)

25% of MAXIMUM HEIGHT

¿−(0.12 kg)( 9.8 m/s2 )(−0.19775 m)

¿−(0.9 kg )( 9.8 m/s 2)(−0.19775 m)

¿−(0.12 kg)( 9.8 m/ s2 )(−0.791 m)

¿−(0.9 kg )( 9.8 m/s 2)(−0.791 m)

75% of MAXIMUM HEIGHT

¿−(0.12 kg)( 9.8 m/s2 )(−0.59325 m)

¿−(0.9 kg )( 9.8 m/s 2)(−0.59325 m)

50% of MAXIMUM HEIGHT

¿−(0.12 kg)( 9.8 m/s2 )(−0.3955 m)

¿−(0.9 kg )( 9.8 m/s 2)(−0.3955 m)

25% of MAXIMUM HEIGHT

¿−(0.12 kg)( 9.8 m/s2 )(−0.19775 m)

¿−(0.9 kg )( 9.8 m/s 2)(−0.19775 m)

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