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IELTS Recent Actual Test

With Answers Volume 1


Listening Practice Test 1

HOW TO USE
You have 2 ways to access the listening audio

1. Open this URL http://link.intergreat.com/NhdqR on your computer

2. Use your mobile device to scan the QR code attached

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Questions 1-6
Complete the form below.
Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer.

Moving Company Service Report


Example Answer

Full Name: Jane Bond

Phone Number: 1

USA Address: 509 2

1137 3 , Seattle

Packing Day: 4

Date: 11th March

Clean-up by: 5:00 p.m.

Day: 5 14th

About the Price: Rather expensive

Storage Time: 6

Questions 7-10
Where does the speaker decide to put items in?

Write the correct letter, A, B, or C, next to questions 7-10.

A in emergency pack

B in personal package

C in storage with the furniture

Items

7 cutlery and dishes

8 kettle

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9 alarm clock

10
CD player

Questions 11-16
Complete the table below.

Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer.

ANNUAL WULLABALLOO CONFERENCE

TIME CONTENT LOCATION

9:00 a.m. Title of the lecture: Main Hall


11

Lecturer: John Smith from the


12

Garden Room on the ground


10:30 a.m. Presentation of papers
floor

11:15 a.m. Coffee break Main Hall

Sea View Restaurant on the

1:00 p.m. Lunch 13

The lift on the 14

2:00 p.m. Presentation of further papers Ballroom

15 p.m. Afternoon tea Ballroom

5:00 p.m. Conference will be finished Main Hall

5:10-6:10 p.m. Informal reception 16

Questions 17-20
Choose the correct letter, A, B, or C.

17 Tickets are available

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A only at the reception desk.

B tomorrow evening.

C at any time before the reception.

18 The delegates will be charged........

A $6.50

B $15.00

C $25.00

19 The restaurant is famous for

A steak.

B fish.

C barbecue.

20 The trip on Sunday costs

A $35 in total.

B $35 plus entrance fees.

C $35 plus lunch.

Questions 21-26
Choose the correct letter, A, B, or C.

GENERAL COURSE DETAILS

21 What is the defining characteristic of a specialised course?

A Taking a proficiency exam

B Attending the class frequently

C Compulsory and regular

22 The Microbiology courses are available for

A full-time and flexible-time students.

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B Microbiology students only.

C students on a flexible schedule.

23 The Biology courses are available for

A all students.

B full-time students only.

C freshmen only.

24 Who are interested in Microbiology courses?

A People who need work experience

B People from off-campus

C People who work at hospital

25 A Medical Science course will be opened next year because

A there are no experimental facilities.

B the lab equipment is too expensive.

C the building is damaged.

26 Which is the quickest increasing subject in enrolment?

A Medical Science

B Statistics

C Environmental Science

Questions 27-29
Choose THREE letters, A-G, and write each next to questions 27-29.

Which THREE compulsory courses must be taken?

A Medical Science

B Computing

C Mathematics

D Laboratory Techniques
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E Statistics

F Medicine

G Environmental Science

Question 30
Complete the sentence below.

Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS for the answer.

There are three full scholarships that cover tuition and provide $1,500 cash as a
30

Questions 31-37
Complete the notes below.

Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS for each answer.

How to Choose Flooring Materials

Source

There are some man-made materials like 31

Before being used, material undergoes 32

Wood should be cut and 33

Stone should be cut and 34

Selection

Aside from environmental factors, one should take 35 into account during
construction.

Some properties of materials affect mood, such as 36 , texture, and colour.

Use a mathematical formula to choose the type of wood, because 37 are


subjective, which are ambiguous in verbal description.

Questions 38-40
Complete the table below.

Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer.

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MATERIAL REFLECTANCE RATE

Polished silver Almost 1.0

White-painted plastic Approximately 38

Quarry tile Approximately 39

40 Almost 0.0

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Solution:

1 94635550 2 Clark House

3 University Drive 4 Monday

5 Thursday 6 a/one/1 month

7 A 8 C

9 B 10 C

11 Computer as Teacher 12 University of Melbourne

13 top floor 14 ground floor

15 3:10 16 Palm Lounge

17 C 18 B

19 B

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20 A 21 C

22 A 23 B

24 B 25 A

27
26 C 29
C,E,F

30 textbook allowance 31 plastic

32 processing 33 (properly) seasoned

34 polished 35 (the) cost

36 grain pattern(s) 37 words

38 0.8 39 0.1

40 black velvet

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Review and Explanations
1 Answer: 94635550
Keywords in Questions Similar words in Passage

Q1: Phone Number Clerk: what’s your work phone number? In case I have
any questions about things.
WOMAN: My work phone is 94635550 .

The keyword in Q1 is “phone number” and we will fill in a line of numbers in the blank.
When we hear the clerk ask “what’s your work phone number?”, we can assume that
the answer will soon appear. Then the woman clearly said that her work phone number
is 94635550. Thus, the correct answer is 94635550.

2 Answer: Clark House

Keywords in Questions Similar words in Passage

Q2: USA Address: Clerk: And what address should we ship your things to?

509 ______ WOMAN: My new company is letting me


stay temporarily at 509 Clark House , that’s C-L-A-R-K,
1137 University Drive in Seattle.

The keyword in Q2 is “address”. We should focus on the numbers “509” as our answers
will follow right after this numbers in the conversation.
When we hear the clerk asked “And what address should we ship your things to?”,
which contains our keyword, we know that the answer will soon appear in the woman’s
reply.
As we expected, she said that her temporary address is 509 Clark House. “Clark
House” stands right after the number “509”, so it is the answer of Q2. We should stay
focus to write down the correct spelling of Clark, which is C-L-A-R-K.

3 Answer: University Drive


Keywords in Questions Similar words in Passage

USA Address: Clerk: And what address should we ship your things to?

Q3: 1137 ______ WOMAN: My new company is letting me


stay temporarily at 509 Clark House , that’s C-L-A-R-K,
1137 University Drive in Seattle.

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The keyword in Q3 is “address”. We should focus on the numbers “1137” as our
answers will follow right after this numbers in the conversation.
After spelling the word “Clark”, the woman told us the rest of her address, which is
“1137 University Drive in Seattle”. Similar to Q2, “University Drive” stands right after
the number “1137”, so “University Drive”is the answer of Q3.

4 Answer: Monday
Keywords in Questions Similar words in Passage

Q4: Packing Day Clerk: OK, and when should we come pack your things?
WOMAN: I guess that would be on Monday , March 11th.

The keyword in Q4 is “Packing day” and we should fill in the blank a day when the
woman wants the company to come and pack her things.
So, when we hear the clerk ask “when should we come pack your things?
”, we assume that the answer may soon appear.

Then, the woman said that it would be Monday , March 11th. As the answer is no more
than 2 words and we have to fill in a day, “Monday” is our correct answer.

**We should know that if the question is Packing date, “March 11th” will be the correct
answer instead because Day refers to a name of a weekday while Date is more specific.
It refers to a particular day of the month, sometimes in a particular year, given in
numbers and words.

5 Answer: Thursday
Keywords in Questions Similar words in Passage

Q5: Clean-up by: 5.00 PM Clerk: Do you want any help with an after-packingclean-

Day: ________ up? We do that for a small additional charge.


W: Yes, that would be helpful. I promised the landlord I’d
give her the keys back by 5:00 p.m. on Thursday , the
14th.
C: Great, we’ll just schedule the clean-up for that day.
That way, the place will smell clean and there’ll be no
dust.

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The keywords in Q5 are “clean-up” and “day” and we should find out the day when
the company conduct the clean-up.
When the clerk mentioned to the keyword “clean-up” in “Do you want any help with an
after-packing clean-up?”, we assume that the answer may soon appear. Then she said
that she would give the keys back to the landlord. Here we hear her mention to

“Thursday , the 14th”. As we’re looking for a clean-up day, “Thursday” may be our
answer, but we need to keep listening to be ensure it’s the correct one. Then we hear
the clerk say “Great, we’ll just schedule the clean-up for that day”. It means that he will
conduct the clean-up on Thursday. So, “Thursday” is the correct answer.

6 Answer: a/one/1 month


Keywords in Questions Similar words in Passage

Q6: Storage Time W: how much is this going to cost?



W: Oh dear, this seems rather expensive!...
W: I don’t want my furniture shipped with me. I won't
be looking for an apartment till after I arrive in
America. Would it be possible to put my furniture in
storage here for a month , then have it sent along
later?

The keyword in Q6 is “storage time”. We should use the keywords in the sentence
above Q6 (“Price”, “rather expensive”) to locate the position of our answer in the
conversation (the answer will follow the part of “expensive price”).
So, when the woman said “Oh dear, this seems rather expensive!...”, we know that the
answer will come out after that.
Then, she said that she didn’t want the furniture shipped with her. After this sentence,
we may assume that she will ask the company to keep them. As we’ve expected, we
hear “Would it be possible to put my furniture in storage here for a month , then have it
sent along later?”. The woman asked if the company can keep her furniture for a
month. So, “a month” is our answer.

7 Answer: A
Keywords in Questions Similar words in Passage

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Q7: cutlery and dishes C: Oh, I don’t know... Things likedishes maybe. Not

A in emergency pack to be rude, but you look like a lady who likes to eat.

B in personal package W: Ahhh! Yes, I need my dishes and things where I

C in storage with the furniture can find them quickly.


C: Great. We'll put those dishes and cutlery in what
we call the emergency pack .

Firstly of all, we should locate keyword in each option. They are “emergency pack”,
“personal package”and “in storage with the furniture”.
Now, look at Q7. The keywords in Q7 are “cutlery” and “dishes”. We should find out
where cutlery and dishes will be put in.
As the keyword “dishes” is mentioned in the clerk’s saying “Oh, I don’t know... Things
like dishes maybe”, we may guess that the answer will soon appear. Then we hear the
clerk decide that he will put dishes in the emergency pack. “emergency pack” is the
keyword of option A. So, option A is our answer.

8 Answer: C
Keywords in Questions Similar words in Passage

Q8: kettle W: Ummm, I do have an antique tea kettle my great-

A in emergency pack grandmother gave my mother. I wouldn’t want to

B in personal package lose that. So I guess you’d better put that in storage

C in storage with the furniture with the furniture .

The keyword in Q8 is “kettle” and we should find out where the kettle will be put in.
When the woman mentioned that she had a kettle, we assume that the answer may
soon appear. Then she said she wanted to put it “in storage with the furniture”. “in in
storage with the furniture” is exactly the keyword in option C. So, option C is our
correct answer.

9 Answer: B
Keywords in Questions Similar words in Passage

Q9: alarm clock C: Say, how about things like youralarm clock? You

A in emergency pack don’t want to miss your plane on the big day, right?

B in personal package W: Well, you certainly think of everything! Yes, that’s

C in storage with the furniture right. I'll also need my alarm clock where I can find
it.
C: Fine, we’ll put that in your personal package .

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The keyword in Q9 is “alarm clock” and we should find out where the alarm clock will
be put in.
When the clerk asked “how about things like your alarm clock?”, we assume that
answer will soon follow. Then as the woman said she wanted it to be in place where she
could find it, the clerk decided to put it in her personal package. “personal package” is
the keyword in option B. So, option B is the correct answer.

10 Answer: C
Keywords in Questions Similar words in Passage

Q10: CD player C: Um, I couldn’t help noticing the newCD player

A in emergency pack you’re carrying. Is that a Samsung?

B in personal package W: Why? Yes, it is. One of their best. Cost me nearly

C in storage with the furniture a hundred dollars, it did!


C: Do you want to take special care of it? I mean it’s
brand new.
W: Take care of it, but nothing special. You can just
put it in storage with the furniture.

The keyword in Q10 is “CD player” and we should find out where the CD player will be
put in.
As the clerk mentioned to the keyword “CD player” in the conversation “ I couldn’t help
noticing the new CD player you’re carrying.”, we can be sure that the answer will soon
appear.
Then, we hear the woman say she wanted to put it “in storage with the furniture”. “
in
storage with the furniture” is exactly the keyword in option C. So, option C is our
correct answer.

11 Answer: Computer as Teacher


Keywords in Questions Similar words in Passage

Time: 9 a.m At 9:00 a.m. right here in the Main Hall, we’ll be

Q11: Title of the lecture: hearing a lecture from Dr John Smith about
“ Computer as Teacher ’’.

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The keyword in Q11 is “Title of the lecture”. We should focus on the time “9 a.m” as it
is when the lecture starts. So, in the conversation, our answer will appear near the word
“9 a.m”.
From the question, we can assume that the answer must bethe name of the lecture.
When the speaker said “At 9:00 a.m…”, we guess that the answer will appear after it.
Then she said “we’ll be hearing a lecture from Dr John Smith about “ Computer as
Teacher ’’”. “The lecture… about” is similar to “title of the lecture”. Thus, the correct
answer is Computer as Teacher.

12 Answer: University of Melbourne


Keywords in Questions Similar words in Passage

Q12: Lecturer: John Smith Professor Smith, from the University of Melbourne ,
from the ________

The keyword in Q12 is “John Smith”. We should focus on the word “from” because it
suggests us that the answer will be the name of the body where the lecturer is
working at.
When the name of the professor is mentioned, we can assume that the place where he
is working at will follow. And the speaker said “Professor Smith, from the University of
Melbourne”. So, the answer is University of Melbourne.

13 Answer: top floor


Keywords in Questions Similar words in Passage

Q13: 1:00 p.m Lunch I strongly urge you, however, to join us at the formallunch.

Sea View That won’t be till one o’clock sharp, so you have time to

Restaurant on the stroll about town a bit. We’ll be eating at the Sea View
_____ Restaurant. The restaurant is located right here in the
hotel, on the top floor .

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The keywords in Q13 are “1:00 p.m”, “lunch” and “Sea view Restaurant”. We should
focus on the word “on” as it suggests us that the answer will be a noun which indicates
a place where Sea View Restaurant is located. Moreover, our answer may stand
right after the word “on” in the conversation.
When we hear the speaker mentioned to the keywords “lunch” and “one o’clock” in the
conversation “I strongly urge you, however, to join us at the formallunch. That won’t be
till one o’clock sharp”, we know that the answer will soon follow. Then she said that the
participants will eat at Sea View Restaurant which “is located right here in the hotel,
on the top floor”. “the top floor” is where Sea View Restaurant is located and follows
right after the word “on”. So, it’s certain that the answer is the top floor.

14 Answer: ground floor


Keywords in Questions Similar words in Passage

Q14: The lift on the ______ It’s a good dozen flights of stairs, so I suggest you takethe
lift on the ground floor

The keyword in Q14 is “the lift”. We should focus on the word “on” as it suggests us
that the answer will be a noun which indicates a place where the lift is located.
As Q14 is in the same section with Q13, when we hear the answer of Q13 in the
conversation, we know that the speaker will soon mention to the answer of Q14.
The woman suggested the visitors to take the lift on the ground floor. So,it is clear that
ground floor is our answer.

15 Answer: 3:10
Keywords in Questions Similar words in Passage

Q15: Time: _____ p.m. Once we’ve heard the papers, we’ll break forafternoon tea

Content: Afternoon a t 3 : 1 0 p.m. No need to walk. The manager of the


tea refreshment stand has graciously agreed to have tea

Location: Ballroom served in the Ballroom.

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The keywords in Q15 are “afternoon tea” and “Ballroom”. We should find out when the
afternoon tea begins in the Ballroom.
From the question, we know that the tea will follow the presentation at 2:00 p.m. So,
after we hear the speaker talk about the activity at 2:00 p.m, we know that the answer
will soon appear.
Then she said “we’ll break for afternoon tea at 3:10 p.m”. “3:10” may be our answer.
However, we need to make sure that it is the correct answer by checking if the tea is
served in the Ballroom.
We then hear that the manager agreed to serve tea in the Ballroom. So, now it is certain
that the answer is 3:10.

16 Answer: Palm Lounge


Keywords in Questions Similar words in Passage

Q16: Time: 5:10-6:10 So, by 5:00 we should have the conference wrapped up.

p.m. But the fun isn’t over! This is Australia mates! We’ll be

C o n t e n t : Informal flocking to the hotel’s own Palm Lounge on the east side of
reception the foyer for an informal reception. You

Location: _________ can relax, mingle with the other delegates, and let your
hair down a bit. This will run from 5:10 to 6:10, though
you’re free to stay as long as you like

The keywords in Q16 are “5:10-6:10 p.m.” and “Informal reception” and we should find
out where the informal reception will be hold.
From the question, we know that the informal reception is after the conference or
after 5:00 p.m.
By saying “by 5:00 we should have the conferencewrapped up” (or finished). “But
the fun isn’t over”, the speaker meant that after the conference, there would be
other activity. And we can be sure that this activity is informal reception. We should
stay focus to locate the answer.
Then the speaker said that the visitors would go to Palm Lounge for aninformal
reception. The word “informal reception” is mentioned in this sentence and the name of
the place where informal reception is hold is also mentioned shortly before, which is
Palm Lounge. So, Palm Lounge is our correct answer.

17 Answer: C
Keywords in Questions Similar words in Passage

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Q 1 7 : Tickets are You can have all-you-can-drink beer for $20.00

available with purchase of an advance ticket.


And, yes, tickets can be purchased from any conference
only at the reception desk.
organiser or at the front desk anytime between now and
tomorrow evening.
the start of the reception.
at any time before the
reception

The keyword in Q17 is “tickets”. By looking at the options, we guess that in the
conversation, the speaker will mention to the place and/ or the time to get the tickets.
Our task is to locate this information.
When we hear the keyword “an advance ticket” , we know that the answer will soon
appear. Then she said “tickets can be purchased from any conference organizer”. This
idea completely contradicts with option A, so A is not the correct answer.
After that, we hear “…or at the front desk anytime between now and the start of the
reception.”. “between now and the start of the reception” means that you can buy
tickets before the reception. The whole sentence means that visitors can by tickets
at any time before the reception. This idea is the same with option C. So, C is the
correct answer.

18 Answer: B
Keywords in Questions Similar words in Passage

Q 1 8 : The delegates will Speaking of paying, I see I forgot to tell you a couple of

be charged... things. The first is about lunch. The charge for the lunch

A. $6.50 will be $15.00 for all you delegates. If you have guests with

B. $15.00 you, the cost is $25.00 for the general public, and $6.50 for

C. $25.00 children under the age of 10. That’s fifteen dollars each,
not total for everyone

The keywords in Q18 are “the delegates” and “be charged”. “be charged” means “have
to pay”. So, when we hear the word “paying” in the sentence “Speaking of paying, I see
I forgot…”, we know that the answer will soon follow. Then she mentioned to a list of
prices which are $15.00, $25.00 and $6.50. However, by listening carefully, we hear the
keyword “delegates” right after “$15.00”, which means that the price for delegate is
$15.00. So, B is the correct answer.

19 Answer: B

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Keywords in Questions Similar words in Passage

Q 1 9 : The restaurant is Another item is about the lunch menu. I very much urge

famous for you to try the fish. I mean, look at the restaurant’s name:

A. Steak Sea View. As the name suggests, it is a famous seafood

B. Fish restaurant . The chef is a Basque from Spain, and he really

C. Barbecue gets quite put out when people ignore his fish specialties
for burgers or barbecue. If fish isn’t your thing though, try
the steak - he makes an exquisite Filet mignon topped with
bleu cheese and mushrooms.

The keywords in Q19 are “the restaurant” and “famous”. “restaurant” usually go with
food or meal. So, when we hear the speaker mentioned to “lunch menu”, we guess that
the answer will be soon come out.
Then she talked about the restaurant, which is our keyword. By the sentence “it is a
famous seafood restaurant”, we can assume that B is the correct answer because in
these three options, only fish is categorized as seafood. But, we need to be sure about
it.
Then the speaker said “The chef is a Basque from Spain, and he really gets quite put
out when people ignore his fish specialties for burgers or barbecue.”This sentence
means that the chef’s specialty is fish dish and he will be upset if people order burgers
or barbecue instead of fish. Thus, B still may be the correct answer while C is definitely
not.
After that, we know that the chef also cooks delicious steak but the speaker didn’t say
that steak is the chef’s specialty. So, A is not the correct answer.
From all above clues, it’s clear that B is the correct answer.

20 Answer: A
Keywords in Questions Similar words in Passage

The trip on Sunday costs Finally, if you’d like to buy a ticket, you can have both
lunch and the unlimited beer for $35.00 .I should have

$35 plus entrance fees mentioned that earlier, but I am a bit forgetful. Maybe I

$35 plus lunch should avoid the beer after the conference, eh?

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The keywords in Q20 are “cost” and “The trip on Sunday”. “the trip on Sunday” here is
the whole Annual Wullaballoo Conference program that we’re listening. We should find
out how much the ticket to the program is.
So, when the speaker said “Finally, if you’d like to buy a ticket”, we know that the price will be
heard soon. Then we hear that with $35.00, we will own a ticket, lunch and beer.
“Entrance fees” was not mentioned, so B is the wrong answer.
C is not correct because with $35.00, we can have both lunch and beer, not only beer.
From the clues above, A is the correct answer.

21 Answer: C
Keywords in Questions Similar words in Passage

Q21: What is the defining P: Like what is a “specialised course”?

characteristic of a specialised Oh, easy. A specialised course is one that is

course? compulsory, meaning it's a requirement for

A. Taking a proficiency exam your major and regular, so you can’t place out by

B. Attending the class taking a proficiency exam.

frequently
C. Compulsory and regular

First of all, we should locate the keywords in the three options as above and try to hear
these keywords in the conversation.
The keywords in Q21 are “defining characteristic” and “a specialised course.
When we hear the keyword “a specialised course” in the student’s question “what is a
“specialised course”?”, we can assume that the answer will soon appear.
Then we hear another important keyword “compulsory” in the professor’s answer “A
specialised course is one that is compulsory,”. “compulsory” is the keyword of only
option C. So, option C is our answer.

22 Answer: A
Keywords in Questions Similar words in Passage

Q22: The Microbiology So can I take any Microbiology course I want?

courses are available for Let’s see. Oh, those courses used to be open to

full-time and flexible-time Microbiology students only. The good thing is, now it’s

students. open to students on a flexible schedule, so it’s not only

Microbiology students only. for full-time students.

students on a flexible schedule.

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First of all, we should locate the keywords in the three options as above and try to hear
these keywords in the conversation.
The keyword in Q22 is “The Microbiology courses” and we should find out what type of
students can attend the courses.
When we hear the keyword “The Microbiology courses” in the student’s question “can I
take any Microbiology course I want? “, we know that the answer we’re looking for will
appear in the next sentence.
Then the professor said “those courses used to be open to Microbiology students only”.
We may choose option B because of the keyword “Microbiology students only” but it is
not the correct answer because this is what happened in the past (the professor used
the phrase “used to be”). After that, we hear that the courses is now open to students
on a flexible schedule. It means that both full-time and flexible-time students can enroll
the courses. Thus, A is the correct answer.

23 Answer: B
Keywords in Questions Similar words in Passage

Q23: The Biology courses Could I take some Biology classes?


are available for Well, they are open to full-time students only , which I

A. all students believe is what you are.

B. full-time students only


C. freshmen only

The keyword in Q23 is “The Biology courses” and we should find out what type of
students can attend the course.
When we hear the student ask “Could I take some Biology classes”, which contains our
keyword, we can guess that the answer will appear soon. Then the professor answered
that Biology classes are open to full-time students only. So, it’s clear that the answer is
B.

24 Answer: B
Keywords in Questions Similar words in Passage

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Q24: Who are interested I don’t know how a freshman would get along with

in Microbiology courses? Microbiology, though. I mean, most of the students

A. People who need work presently looking into it are from off-campus .

experience Off-campus?

B. People from off-campus Yes, you know, people who use it in their work at hospitals,
C. People who work at laboratories, even a police detective.

hospital

First of all, we should identify keywords in each option as above.


The keywords in Q24 are “Who”, “interested in” and “Microbiology courses”.
When we hear the professor wonder why a freshman would prefer Microbiology courses,
we can assume that the answer will soon appear.
Then he said that students who are interested in this course are mostly from off-
campus. So, B is the correct answer.
** We may be confused between B and C because we also hear the keyword “work at
hospitals”. However, the professor gave many examples of students from off-campus:
people who works at hospitals, laboratories, or even a police detective.They all are
looking into Microbiology course, not only those who work at hospitals.

25 Answer: A
Keywords in Questions Similar words in Passage

Q25: A Medical Science course if you're thinking about being either a doctor or a vet,
will be opened next year you should take some Medical Science classes before
because you even think of applying to med school.

A. there are no experimental Great! What should I take?

facilities. There is one small problem. The

B. the lab equipment is too new Medical Sciences building is under construction,

expensive. so there are no experimental facilities available until

C. the building is damaged. next year. I’m afraid you'll have to wait.

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First of all, we should identify keywords in each option as above.
The keywords in Q25 are “Medical Science course” and “next year”.
When we hear the professor suggest Medical Science class to the student, we know that
the answer may appear soon. So, we should pay more attention to get the correct
answer.
Then, he continued to say “The new Medical Sciences building is under construction, so
there are no experimental facilities available until next year”. In this sentence, we hear
the keyword “no experimental facilities “ of option A and understand that the classes
will be open next year because now there are no experimental facilities available. So, A
is the correct answer.

26 Answer: C
Keywords in Questions Similar words in Passage

26.Which is the quickest Is there any other course you'd recommend for
increasing subject in enrolment? someone like me?
A. Medical Science Have you ever thought about looking into
B. Statistics Environmental Science?
C. Environmental Science No, I never really thought about it before. Is it
worthwhile?
Quite! In fact, it's the fastest growing subject on this
campus.

I’m sorry, I couldn’t help noticing the long list of


classes you’ve written out there. May I have a look?
Oh, sure.
Medical Science, Statistics, Laboratory Techniques,
Medicine, Mathematics, Computing. My, my, a bit of
everything here.

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The keyword in Q26 is “the quickest increasing subject”.
By taking a look at the options, we can guess that the speaker will mention toa list of
courses and then tell us which one is the quickest increasing subject.
So, when we hear the student ask “Is there any other course you'd recommend for
someone like me?”, we know that the professor is about to give her some suggestion.
As we expected, he recommend “Environmental Science”. Then he said that it is the
fastest growing subject on this campus. So, C is the correct answer.
*** Although after that, we hear other keywords such as Medical Science, Statistics,
they are only normal courses in the list of classes, not the the fastest growing one. So,
both A and B are not the correct answer.

27-29 Answer: C,E,F


Keywords in Questions Similar words in Passage

Q27 - Q28 – Q29. What I suggest is starting out by taking the compulsory
Which THREE compulsory courses . Like we said before, the Medical Science can
courses must be taken? wait. Consider taking that in your sophomore year. I
think I’d put off Computing, too. I recommend to all
A. Medical Science
freshmen that I talk to to get the compulsory
B. Computing
C. Mathematics Mathematics out of the way as early as possible , so
D. Laboratory Techniques take that one. It’ll be one less difficult course you have
E. Statistics to focus on when the science lab opens next year, and
F. Medicine you have to catch up on classes like Laboratory
G. Environmental Science
Techniques. Your major also requires Statistics so you
have to balance two Maths classes, and no doubt you
should take that . Otherwise, get your required Medicine
course out of the way by taking something theory-
based.

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The keyword in Q27,28,29 is “compulsory courses”. We need to find out which 3
courses in the list that the student must take.
When we hear the professor say “What I suggest is starting out by takingthe
compulsory courses”, we know that then he will talk about many compulsory classes.
Then he said “Medical Science can wait. Consider taking that in your sophomore year. I
think I’d put off Computing, too”. It means that the student will take Medical Science
and Computing classes in year two. Thus, A and B are not correct.
Then we hear “I recommend to all freshmen that I talk to to get thecompulsory
Mathematics out of the way as early as possible”. The professor said the student must
take the Mathematics course as early as possible, so Mathematics in one of the three
compulsory courses. C is the first correct answer.
After that, we know that next year, the science lab will be open and the student must
take Laboratory Techniques class. This will happen in the future, not now. So, D
(Laboratory Techniques) is not correct.
Then the professor said “Your major also requires Statistics so you have to balance
two Maths classes, and no doubt you should take that ”. By saying that, he meant
Statistics is also a compulsory course. So, E is the correct answer.
Finally, we hear “get your required Medicine course out of the way by taking
something theory-based”. The professor suggested that the student should finish the
Medicine course as it is required (or compulsory). So, our third answer is F.

** The other classes are also mentioned “Environmental Science” and “Computing”.
However, “Computing” was mentioned above as a course for sophomore. So, it is not
correct. In case of Environmental Science, the professor said that the student can take
it if she’s interest. It is not compulsory, so G is not the correct one, too.

30 Answer: textbook allowance


Keywords in Questions Similar words in Passage

Q30. There are three full Have you thought about applying for a scholarship?...

scholarships that cover In your department, there are actually three full
tuition and provide scholarships available. They cover tuition and provide
$1,500 cash as a $1,500 cash. …
The money is intended more as a textbook allowance .

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The keywords in Q30 are “full scholarships”, “tuition” and “$1,500 cash”.
From the question, we assume that the answer must bea noun.
When the professor asked “Have you thought about applying for a scholarship?.”, we
know that the answer we’re looking for will soon appear.
Then we hear all our keywords in his statement “In your department, there are actually
three full scholarships available. They cover tuition and provide $1,500 cash”, we can
be sure that the answer will come out right after that.
In the next sentence, he said that the money (1,500 cash) is intended as a textbook
allowance . So, textbook allowance is our answer.

31 Answer: plastic
Keywords in Questions Similar words in Passage

Q 3 1 . There are some man- Some artificial materials can be used, like plastic
made materials like

The keyword in Q31 is “man-made materials”.


From the question, we can assume that the answer is a noun which indicates an
example of man-made material.
At the very beginning of the conversation, we hear the speaker say “Some artificial
materials can be used, like plastic”. “artificial” means man-made and an example of
artificial material (or man-made material) is plastic. So, plastic is the correct answer.

32 Answer: processing
Keywords in Questions Similar words in Passage

Q 3 2 . Before being used, Stone and wood are alike in at least one respect: bothgo
material undergoes through processing before they can be put to use

From the question, we can assume that the answer is a noun which may indicatea
process that material must go through.
The keywords in Q32 are “Before being used” and “undergoes”.
After the part of advantage and disadvantage of using plastic as flooring material, the
speaker said “Stone and wood are alike in at least one respect: both go
through processing before they can be put to use”. (“go through” means undergo). In
other word, stone and wood must undergo processing before being used. So,
processing is the correct answer.

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33 Answer: (properly) seasoned
Keywords in Questions Similar words in Passage

3 3 . Wood should be cut and Since few of us cut our own lumber or quarry our own
________ stone, this is not perhaps a pressing concern. Still, do-it-
yourselfers would do well to remember to buy only
properly seasoned wood.

The keywords in Q33 are “Wood” and “cut”. We should focus on the word “and” as it
suggests us that the answer can be an adjective or a verb in passive form which
describes the standard of the wood.
When we hear “Since few of us cut our own lumber…”, which contains all our keywords
“cut” and “lumber” (lumber is a type of wood”, we know that the answer will soon
appear. Remember that we need an adjective or a verb in passive form for our answer.
In the next sentence, the speaker said that it is important to buy only properly
seasoned wood. “seasoned” is an adjective that indicates the wood standard. So,
seasoned is the correct answer.

34 Answer: polished
Keywords in Questions Similar words in Passage

3 4 . Stone should be cut and Since few of us cut our own lumber or quarryour own

_______ stone, this is not perhaps a pressing concern.


… Likewise, except for dull-hued materials like slate or
sandstone, most stone floors are polished before
installation

The keywords in Q34 are “Stone” and “cut”.


Q34 is quite similar to Q33, except instead of wood, it asks us about stone. Therefore,
the answer is also an adjective or a verb in passive form which describes a standard of
stone.
As stone is an example of natural flooring material beside wood in the conversation, we
guess that after talking about wood standard, the speaker will mention to stone
standard.
He said “Likewise, except for dull-hued materials like slate or sandstone, most stone
floors are polished before installation”. “polished” is a verb in passive form and
indicates stone requirement. So, polished is the correct answer.

35 Answer: (the) cost

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Keywords in Questions Similar words in Passage

35. Aside from The choice goes well beyond just wood or stone - each

environmental factors, one type requires many further considerations. A few special
s h o u l d take _____ into remarks are called for when considering wood, for
account during construction. example. As always, aesthetics, personal taste, and
layout all play roles as well as the type of house or
room. Oh, and certainly don’t forget the cost.

The keywords in Q35 are “Aside from environmental factors,” and “take into account”.
From the question, we can assume that the answer must bea noun which indicates a
factor that need to take under consideration.
When we hear “… The choice goes well beyond just wood or stone - each type requires
many further considerations”, which suggests that the speaker will then talk about
other factors. As we’ve expected, he listed some factors such as aesthetics, personal
taste, layout and type of house or room. They are all considered environmental factors.
So, what factor is mentioned next will be our answer. And the speaker said “don’t
forget the cost”. Thus, it is clear that cost is another factor that people should consider.
Cost is the correct answer.

36 Answer: grain pattern(s)


Keywords in Questions Similar words in Passage

3 6 . S o m e properties of one must consider the effects of each type of wood on

materials affect mood, such the mood of the room. When selecting the best wood to
a s ______ , texture, and use, particular attention needs to be paid to its grain
colour. patterns , texture, and colour.

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The keywords in Q36 are “properties of materials affect mood” and “texture, and
colour”.
From the question, we can assume that the answer must be a noun which indicates a
property of material beside texture and colour that affect mood. We should pay
attention to locate the word “texture” and “colour” in the conversation because the
answer we are looking for will stand next to these two words.
When we hear the speaker say “one must consider the effects of each type of wood on
the mood of the room”, we know that the answer will follow after this because
“properties of materials affect mood” is similar to “the effects of each type of wood on
the mood”. Then we hear our keywords in the next sentence “When selecting the best
wood to use, particular attention needs to be paid to its grain patterns , texture, and
colour”. “grain patterns” is mentioned along with texture and colour and it is one of the
factors that should be considered when selecting wood because of its effect on the
mood of the room. So, grain patterns is our answer.

37 Answer: words
Keywords in Questions Similar words in Passage

3 7 . Use a mathematical Though some things about putting together a room are

formula to choose the type of subjective and based on one’s individualtaste,

wood, because _______ are materials appropriate to a room’s function are much
subjective, which are more straightforward. A decorator takes the needs of
ambiguous in verbal the customer and uses a mathematical formula, rather

description. than subjective words. Since feelings vary from person


to person, verbal descriptions of wood types tend to
be ambiguous.

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The keywords in Q37 are “mathematical formula”, “the type of wood”, “subjective” and
“ambiguous in verbal description”. We should focus on two words “subjective” and
“ambiguous” because they modify our answer and chance is that they will stand next
to the answer.
From the question, we can assume that the answer is a noun.
When we hear the speaker mention to “materials appropriate to a room’s function”,
which also means the type of the wood appropriate to a room’s function, we know the
answer will come out soon.
Then the speaker said a decorator uses a mathematical formula instead of subjective
words to choose type of wood. The noun “words” is modified by the keyword
“subjective” so it may be our answer. We need to make sure by checking if subjective
words is ambiguous in verbal description.
In the next sentence, we hear “Since feelings vary from person to person, verbal
descriptions of wood types tend to be ambiguous”. Since it’s clear that subjective words
is ambiguous in verbal description, “words” is our correct answer.

38 Answer: 0.8
Keywords in Questions Similar words in Passage

Polished silver Reflectance This is called the “reflectance rate”…

rate: almost 1.0 At one end of the scale is polished silver. At a rating of

Q 3 8 : White-painted plastic: 1.0…


___ we see the plastic that has been painted white has a
rate of 0.8

By taking a look at the table, we know that we have to fill in names of material and their
reflectance rates. In Q38, a number which indicates white-painted plastic’s
reflectance rate is needed.
The keywords in Q38 are “Reflectance rate” and “. White-painted plastic”.
When we hear the speaker mention to the keyword “reflectance rate” in “This is called
the “reflectance rate”, we know that the part containing the answer for Q38-40 begins.
Then we hear him talking about polished silver and its rate, we can be sure that he’s
gonna talk about white-painted plastic.
Since he said “we see the plastic that has been painted white has a rate of 0.8“, which
means white-painted plastic’s rate is 0.8, the correct answer is 0.8.

39 Answer: 0.1
Keywords in Questions Similar words in Passage

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Q39. Quarry tile: ________ T h e quarry tile I mentioned a while ago has a rate
of 0.1 .

The keyword in Q39 is “Quarry tile”.


Similar to Q38, what we need to fill in is a number which indicates quarry tile’s
reflectance rate.
In this part of the conversation, the speaker is listing some material and their
reflectance rates one by one. So, right after he finished with white-painted plastic and
seems to move to the next material by saying “Materials that are denser and darker
have reflectance rates much closer to zero”, we guess that it’s “quarry tile” turn. Then
he said “The quarry tile I mentioned a while ago has a rate of 0.1”. So, it’s clear that the
answer is 0.1.

40 Answer: black velvet


Keywords in Questions Similar words in Passage

Q40. ________: Almost 0.0 Does anyone have any guesses as to what materials
may have a rate of almost 0.0? We can guess most of
these materials are black in colour, but plastic, wood,
and even stone reflect some light. One material with a
rate of almost 0.0 is black velvet .

The keyword in Q40 is “Almost 0.0” and we need a name of material that has the
rate of almost 0.0 for the answer.
When we hear the speaker ask “One material with a rate of almost 0.0is black
velvet .”Does anyone have any guesses as to what materials may have a rate ofalmost
0.0”, which contains our important answer, we know that the answer will soon appear.
Then he said “One material with a rate of almost 0.0is black velvet”. So, it is clear that
the answer is black velvet.

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Audio Script:

SECTION 1
CLERK: Good morning, ma’am, and welcome to “Australia’s Moving Experience”! How can
I help you?
WOMAN: Well, I... I hope you can help me. I’m so up in the air right now... I...
CLERK: Just calm down, now. Let me guess: you’re moving and it has you a little
confused.
WOMAN: That’s it exactly. You see, I’m relocating to the United States next month and I’m
having a hard time getting organised.
CLERK: Here, fill out your name and address, and let me ask you a few questions. Oh,
what should I call you?
WOMAN: My name is Jane, Example Jane Bond.
CLERK: OK, Jane, first of all, what’s your work phone number? In case I have any questions
about things.
WOMAN: My work phone is Q1 94635550. But please try not to call me too often there.
My boss hates personal calls.
CLERK: So does mine, ma’am, so does mine. And what address should we ship your
things to?
WOMAN: My new company is letting me stay temporarily at 509 Q2 Clark House, that’s
C-L-A-R-K, 1137 Q3 University Drive in Seattle.
CLERK: Seattle? Beautiful city, I hear. Mountains right beside the ocean, almost. Cooler
than Australia, too. OK, and when should we come pack your things?
WOMAN: I guess that would be on Q4 Monday, March 11th.

Do you want any help with an after-packing clean-up? We do that for a small additional
charge.
Yes, that would be helpful. I promised the landlord I’d give her the keys back by 5:00 p.m.
on Q5 Thursday, the 14th.
Great, we’ll just schedule the clean-up for that day. That way, the place will smell clean
and there’ll be no dust.
Well, you do think of everything! Oh, how much is this going to cost?
Here is a list of our basic prices.
Oh dear, this seems rather expensive!
Yes ma’am, but you’re paying for the best. We’re careful and we’re fast. Like we say, the
only thing we break are speed records getting you moved.
Well... maybe that’s so... Oh, I nearly forgot to tell you. I don’t want my furniture shipped
with me. I won't be look​ing for an apartment till after I arrive in America. Would it be
possible to put my furniture in storage here for Q6 a month, then have it sent along later?
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Of course, we do that all the time. A couple of other things.

Here at "A Moving Experience”, we try to pack your things logically. We don’t just throw
stuff in boxes.

Do you have any special requests? You know, things you want packed in some special
place, so you know where to find them?
Like what?
Oh, I don’t know... Things like dishes maybe. Not to be rude, but you look like a lady who
likes to eat.
Ahhh! Yes, I need my dishes and things where I can find them quickly.
Great. Q7 We'll put those dishes and cutlery in what we call the emergency pack. Can
you think of anything else?
Ummm, Q8 I do have an antique tea kettle my great-grand​mother gave my mother. I
wouldn’t want to lose that. So I guess Q8 you’d better put that in storage with the
furniture.
Grandma’s tea kettle with the furniture, got it! Say, how about things like your alarm
clock? You don’t want to miss your plane on the big day, right?
Well, you certainly think of everything! Yes, that’s right. Q9 I'll also need my alarm clock
where I can find it.
Fine, Q9 we’ll put that in your personal package. And of course, we'll give you a list of
where we pack everything. So, all you’ll have to do on Thursday, the 14th is grab your
luggage on your way out the door. Um, I couldn’t help noticing the new CD player you’re
carrying. Is that a Samsung?
Why? Yes, it is. One of their best. Cost me nearly a hundred dollars, it did!
Do you want to take special care of it? I mean it’s brand new.
Take care of it, but nothing special. Q10 You can just put it in storage with the furniture.

That looks like everything we need here. I guess you’re all set.
That was certainly quick. Thank you, young man. This has been a most moving
experience!

SECTION 2
Good morning everyone, and welcome to the 2nd Annual Wullaballoo Conference on
Mastering Computer Languages. I hope you all had a good trip. Before we get underway
with today’s programme, let me fill you in as to what’s on tap for tomorrow, Sunday,
February 19th.

At 9:00 a.m. right here in the Main Hall, we’ll be hearing a lecture from Dr John Smith
about “ Q11 Computer as Teacher’’. Professor Smith, from the Q12 University of

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Melbourne, is a world-class expert in the field of computer-assisted education, and his
talk promises to be both stimulating and informative.

Immediately afterwards, at 10:30, there will be a presentation of papers by various


delegates. That, however, will take place in the Garden Room on the ground floor. If you
don’t yet know, the Garden Room is also called the Ballroom, and we’ll be gathering at the
west end, the slightly raised area called Level 2. Just look for the crowd. If you get lost,
there are signs in the foyer.

After all that thinking, talking, and listening, I expect everyone will be a bit weary. So at
11:15, there will be a break for coffee, cookies, and other light refreshments. These will be
available at the aptly named Refreshment Stand, placed by the door back here in the Main
Hall. Also, if you choose to skip the formal lunch, you can buy a packed lunch at the stand
for a reasonable price.

I strongly urge you, however, to join us at the formal lunch. That won’t be till one o’clock
sharp, so you have time to stroll about town a bit. We’ll be eating at the Sea View
Restaurant. The restaurant is located right here in the hotel, on the Q13 top floor. It’s a
good dozen flights of stairs, so I suggest you take the lift on the Q14 ground floor, eh? If
you’re not fond of fish, there is an all-you-can-eat barbecue available as well. They even
offer wallaby meat!
After lunch, we’ll troop back downstairs to Level 2 in the Ballroom for the presentation of
further papers, which will begin at 2:00 p.m. Please try to be on time. I know you’ll be a bit
tired after lunch, but the Ballroom echoes so with people coming in late. Thank you in
advance.

Once we’ve heard the papers, we’ll break for afternoon tea at Q15 3:10 p.m. No need to
walk. The manager of the refreshment stand has graciously agreed to have tea served in
the Ballroom. He’s even prom​ised us some special scones, baked from a recipe of his dear
old Scot​tish grandmother.

Then, tea being drunk and scones munched, we’ll retire here to the Main Hall for some
closing remarks and questions. So, by 5:00 we should have the conference wrapped up.
But the fun isn’t over! This is Australia mates! We’ll be flocking to the hotel’s own
Q16 Palm Lounge on the east side of the foyer for an informal reception. You can relax,
mingle with the other delegates, and let your hair down a bit. This will run from 5:10 to
6:10, though you’re free to stay as long as you like. The lounge manager has informed me
that, for the duration of the actual reception, you can have all-you-can-drink beer for
$20.00 with purchase of an advance ticket.

And, yes, Q17 tickets can be purchased from any conference organiser or at the front
desk anytime between now and the start of the reception.

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I suggest you come by tomorrow evening to pick up the tickets since the conference hall
only holds 800 people. That way, you can also get your journey planned ahead of time
and be sure not to miss this truly memorable conference. If you want cocktails, however,
I’m sorry. You’ll have to pay for those at the regular price.

Oh my goodness! Speaking of paying, I see I forgot to tell you a couple of things. The first
is about lunch. Q18 The charge for the lunch will be $15.00 for all you delegates. If you
have guests with you, the cost is $25.00 for the general public, and $6.50 for children
under the age of 10. That’s fifteen dollars each, not total for everyone! Another item is
about the lunch menu. I very much urge you to try the fish. I mean, Q19 look at the
restaurant’s name: Sea View. As the name suggests, it is a famous seafood restaurant.
The chef is a Basque from Spain, and he really gets quite put out when people ignore his
fish specialties for burgers or barbecue. If fish isn’t your thing though, try the steak - he
makes an exquisite Filet mignon topped with bleu cheese and mushrooms.

Finally, Q20 if you’d like to buy a ticket, you can have both lunch and the unlimited beer
for $35.00.I should have mentioned that earlier, but I am a bit forgetful. Maybe I should
avoid the beer after the conference, eh?

Well, I’ve said my bit. Are there any questions?

SECTION 3
Hello... are you Professor Van Diezen?
Yes, I am. And who might you be?
Oh! Sorry, my name is Tina. I’m a freshman here. They told me I should ask you for advice
in choosing courses.
Well, that’s part of what I’m here for. Please come in and sit down. Now, what are your
questions?
I, I almost don’t know! Everything is so confusing! Like what is a “specialised course”?
Oh, easy. Q21 A specialised course is one that is compulsory, meaning it's a requirement
for your major and regular, so you can’t place out by taking a proficiency exam.

That sounds pretty strict. Then what are all these gen​eral courses? I seem to have to take
so many.
Nothing to be alarmed over. These are courses open to all students and not directly
related to your major. The university offers these general courses to choose so that you
can become more well-rounded individuals. For ex​ample, I see you’re a Microbiology
major. So it might be a good idea to take some literature or history courses so that you
can know something besides all science.
You mean these courses are, like, for fun?
That might be one way to look at it, but don’t tell the lit​erature professor such a thing.
Think of a general course as the opposite of a specified course. A specified course is one
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that pertains directly to your major.
So can I take any Microbiology course I want?
Let’s see. Oh, those courses used to be open to Micro​biology students only. Q22 The
good thing is, now it’s open to students on a flexible schedule, so it’s not only for full-time
students. So the answer is yes, if you have the instructor’s permission. May I ask you why
you chose Microbiology?

Well, I also like plain old Biology, too. You know, full​sized animals. I might even become a
veterinarian. Could I take some Biology classes?
Well, Q23 they are open to full-time students only, which I believe is what you are. I don’t
know how a freshman would get along with Microbiology, though. I mean, Q24 most of
the students presently looking into it are from off-campus.
Off-campus?
Yes, you know, people who use it in their work at hos​pitals, laboratories, even a police
detective. Why did you choose Microbiology, if I may ask? I don’t think you quite answered
that.
Well, eventually I want to be a doctor. At least my dad tells me so.
If I may say so, young lady, you seem a little uncertain.

Still, I think that might be a good idea for a career. Of course, if you're thinking about
being either a doctor or a vet, you should take some Medical Science classes before you
even think of applying to med school.
Great! What should I take?
There is one small problem. Q25 The new Medical Sciences building is under
construction, so there are no experi​mental facilities available until next year. I’m afraid
you'll have to wait. But don’t forget to take those courses at the first opportunity!
Oh, bummer. Is there any other course you'd recommend for someone like me?
Well, since you seem to like animals, Q26 have you ever thought about looking into
Environmental Science?
No, I never really thought about it before. Is it worthwhile?
Quite! Q26 In fact, it's the fastest growing subject on this campus.

I’m sorry, I couldn’t help noticing the long list of classes you’ve written out there. May I
have a look?
Oh, sure.
Medical Science, Statistics, Laboratory Techniques, Medicine, Mathematics, Computing.
My, my, a bit of everything here.
Is it too much?
For your first semester, yes. Q27 What I suggest is starting out by taking the compulsory
courses. Like we said be​fore, the Medical Science can wait. Consider taking that in your
sophomore year. I think I’d put off Computing, too. Q27 I recommend to all freshmen that

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I talk to to get the compulsory Mathematics out of the way as early as pos​sible, so take
that one. It’ll be one less difficult course you have to focus on when the science lab opens
next year, and you have to catch up on classes like Laboratory Techniques. Q28 Your
major also requires Statistics so you have to balance two Maths classes, and no doubt you
should take that. Q29 Otherwise, get your required Medicine course out of the way by
taking something theory-based.

Oh, of course and your Environmental Science class if you’re interested. The others can
wait, though I think Computing is definitely a good idea, even though it’s not required. I
see too, on your paper there, you seem to have had high marks on the entrance exam.
Uhhh, yeah. I guess so.
Don’t be shy! Have you thought about applying for a scholarship?
Do they have any? I mean, my dad is always complain​ing about how much money it costs
him.
In your department, there are actually three full scholar​ships available. They cover tuition
and provide $1,500 cash.
$1,500 cash?! Party!
Please, Miss. The money is intended more as a Q30 textbook allowance, not party
money. If you promise to behave,

I’ll show you how to apply.

Great, and thanks!

SECTION 4
We’ve been talking about choosing building materials in the last week. Now, a great many
factors influence the choice of building ma​terials. You can’t make a house of cards, right?
And “people who live in glass houses...” and all that... Anyhow, today I’d like to say a few
words about flooring.

Some artificial materials can be used, like Q31 plastic for instance, which offer mixed
blessings when used as a flooring surface. On the one hand, plastic is cheaper than nearly
any other alternative, short of bare ground. Plastic also does not warp like wood. On the
other hand, the best that can be said about plastic is that it “looks like” wood or stone.
However, it cannot replace the real materials. As I have men​tioned, I’m fixing up a new
house. The decorator my wife hired told me, “Plastic does a great job of looking exactly
like plastic.” Besides, it scratches easily, fades or discolours, and starts cracking within a
year or two. So, if you’re fitting out a sleazy hotel or plan to live in a trailer park, go with
the plastic. Really, though, for all intents and purposes, this leaves us with wood or stone
as choices for flooring.

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Stone and wood are alike in at least one respect: both go through Q32 processing before
they can be put to use. Since few of us cut our own lumber or quarry our own stone, this
is not perhaps a pressing con​cern. Still, do-it-yourselfers would do well to remember to
buy only properly Q33 seasoned wood. Unseasoned wood warps and a warped floor
quickly becomes firewood (and its owner quickly becomes poorer). Likewise, except for
dull-hued materials like slate or sandstone, most stone floors are Q34 polished before
installation. The choice goes well be​yond just wood or stone - each type requires many
further consider​ations. A few special remarks are called for when considering wood, for
example. As always, aesthetics, personal taste, and layout all play roles as well as the type
of house or room. Oh, and certainly don’t forget Q35 the cost. When it comes to cost, a
rule of thumb is that the softer and less exotic the wood, the lower the cost. In the US, for
instance, pine is both ubiquitous and cheap. Mahogany is imported and exorbitantly
expensive. If you’re on any kind of budget when remodeling, it’s really helpful to
remember to go for the softer woods.
Aside from cost, there are still lots of different factors that are im​portant in choosing the
best flooring for the job. Continuing with the example of wood, one must consider the
effects of each type of wood on the mood of the room. When selecting the best wood to
use, particular attention needs to be paid to its Q36 grain patterns, texture, and colour. In
rooms where relaxation or deep thought is the aim - say bedrooms or the study - dark,
strong grained woods are the rule.

Here the grain ought to match the furniture for a feeling of homo​geneity. In rooms where
activity and motion are typical - the dining room or living room - lighter, finer-grained
lumber is more suitable.

In such a setting, the wood grain might be useful in offering a contrast to the furniture.
This leads to a feel of subconscious excitement, in keeping with the room’s function.

In either case, though, consult a decorator. It is a decorator’s job to know what materials
to use to fit the function of the room. Though some things about putting together a room
are subjective and based on one’s individual taste, materials appropriate to a room’s
function are much more straightforward. A decorator takes the needs of the customer and
uses a mathematical formula, rather than subjective Q37 words. Since feelings vary from
person to person, verbal descriptions of wood types tend to be ambiguous. You want the
wood you select, not something approximate! And if you do decide to do it yourself,
remember that all wood must be treated with preservatives to en​hance its appearance
and preserve its natural beauty.

In the case of stone, or “quarry tile” as flat-cut flooring stone is prop​erly called, a new set
of considerations must be weighed up. Simple colour aside, the degree of reflection must
be kept in mind. This is called the “reflectance rate”, which is expressed in a number
between 0.0 and 1.0, depending on the amount of light it reflects.

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At one end of the scale is polished silver. At a rating of 1.0, this shiny surface reflects
nearly all of the light directed at it. Numbers closer to zero describe materials that absorb
more light. Moving down the scale a bit, we see the plastic that has been painted white
has a rate of Q38 0.8, which makes sense. We know that the colour white reflects all
other colours while black absorbs all colours, and plastic itself is a relatively reflective
material.

Materials that are denser and darker have reflectance rates much closer to zero. The
quarry tile I mentioned a while ago has a rate of Q39 0.1. As you may know, quarry tile is
generally dark brown and made from clay so it is quite dense. Of course, there is
considerable vari​ation among types of quarry tile because of the hue or treatment of the
clay during its creation.

Does anyone have any guesses as to what materials may have a rate of almost 0.0? We
can guess most of these materials are black in colour, but plastic, wood, and even stone
reflect some light. One material with a rate of almost 0.0 is Q40 black velvet. The texture
produces almost no shine at all.

Carrara marble, despite its white hue, is actually lower in reflectivity than black onyx! In
any case, the fact that tiles vary somewhat should not be forgotten. A highly reflective
floor would not be suitable in a library; it would be indispensable in a ballroom (should
your home be large enough to feature one). Again, a rule of thumb is that “light means
lively”. Since form and material follow function, one should only use the more reflective
materials in rooms where the cultivation and expression of energy is important. Bear in
mind too that most types of stone cost more than all but the rarest of woods.

Of course, there is no reason why some rooms of a house should not feature wood floors
or other stone tiles. You can even mix the two. A room with wood panels on the walls can
have a beautiful stone floor. My bedroom has white birch walls and a light blue slate floor.
The place looks like a Russian hunting lodge. Remember, though, go with what feels right
for you. Good taste and the “laws” of interior design are the homeowner’s servants, not
his master. It’s only beautiful when you decide it is. I mean, you’re the one who lives there,
not the decorator, right? OK, are there any questions?

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