IELTS Practice Test 1

IELTS Practice Test
Volume 1
Listening Practice Test 1
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Questions 1-5
Complete the notes.
Write ONE WORD OR A NUMBER for each answer.
Celebrating 20 years! (Example)
Budget for meal ($): 1
Meal C:
• cost: $50/head
• consists of prawns and a seafood platter with 2 and oysters.
Meal D:
• cost ($): 3 /head
• consists of 4 with 5 soup, dessert, and coffee.
Questions 6-10
Choose the correct letter, A, B, or C.
6 The function will take place on the:
A 14th.
B 18th.
C 20th.
7 It will start at:
A 7 pm
B 7.30 pm
C 8 pm
8 The dress code will be:
A smart casual.
B formal.
C casual.

9 Guests can:
A smoke freely.
B not smoke.
C smoke in special places.
10 Guests should bring a:
A card.
B gift.
C large box.
Questions 11-15
Fill in the timetable.
A concrete breaking
B concrete levelling
C concrete pouring
D excavation work
E lunch
F removal of trees
Choose FIVE answers from the list, and write the correct letter, A-F,
below the questions.
11
12
13
14
15
Questions 16-20
Complete the sentences.
Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS for each answer.
Changes to the University Plaza
Instead of concrete, the paths will be covered with 16
The rear corner is the location of 17
A 18 will be located at the left-hand strip.
In the central area, 19 will be arranged.
They made a decision of hanging 20 on the walls.
Questions 21-26
Complete the table.
Physicist Name of Significant Work Reason for Significance
Galileo 21 It 22 the authority
23 Principia It 24
Einstein 25 It 26
Questions 27-30
Choose the correct letter, G, N, or E.

G Galileo
N Newton
E Einstein
NB You may use a letter more than once.
Which scientist does each person think was the greatest?
27
Steve
28
David
29
Susan
30
Peter
Questions 31-32
Choose the correct letter, A, B, or C.
31 ‘Echo’ is an example of a:
A brand name.
B model name.
C symbol.
32 Calvin Klein and Sara Lee:
A are very popular.
B are nice sounding names.
C have many products.
Questions 33-35
Choose THREE answers from the list, and write the correct letter, A-F,
next to the questions.

Type of Name
A Acronym
B Descriptive
C Evocative
D Founders' names
E Neologism
F Rhyming
What type of name does each company use?
33
Amazon
34
Safe and Sleek
35
Kodak
Questions 36-40
Complete the table.
Product Logo/Symbol Image
Marlboro
cigarettes
a cowboy sponsorship of 36
Nike
37
a single tick power, speed and 38
a
Rolex watches solid, smart, reliable
39
Calvin Klein
the name put forward by a series of 40
jeans advertisements

Solution:
1 3,000 2 crabs
3 45 4 lamb
5 chicken 6 B
7 B 8 A
9 C 10 B
11 A 12 D
13 C 14 E
15 B 16 polished stone
17 shops 18 garden
19 seating 20 plants

21 Two Systems 22 challenged
23 Newton 24 created order
25 Relativity 26 explained gravity
27 E 28 N
29 G 30 N
31 B 32 B
33 C 34 B
35 E 36 car(-)racing
37 jogging shoes 38 freedom
39 crown 40 controversial

Review and Explanations
1 Answer: 3,000
The keywords in Q1 are “budget” and “meal”. A “budget” is the amount of available
money to spend on something. Therefore, we have to know the amount of money to spend
on “meal".
We can assume that the answer is a number.
Marcus and Ella mention all the keywords. According to Ella, the budget is $2000.
However, Marcus then confirms that it is actually $3000. Therefore, the answer is 3000.
2 Answer: crabs
The keywords in Q2 are “seafood platter” and “oysters”. Note that a “platter” is a
dish with a variety of foods on it. We have to know what is served in a seafood platter with
oysters.
We can assume that the answer is a noun.
Ella mentions the keywords “seafood platter” and “oysters”, saying that there is a
seafood platter, with crabs , oysters,... A seafood platter includes crabs and oysters;
therefore, the answer is crabs.
3 Answer: 45
The keywords in Q3 are “Meal D” and “cost”. We have to know the cost of Meal D.
We can assume that the answer is a number.
Marcus mentions the keyword “Meal D”. Then, Ella asks “How much is it?”, which
means she is asking the cost of this set. Marcus replies that it is $45. Therefore, the
answer is 45.
4 Answer: lamb
The keywords in Q4 are “Meal D” and “consists of”. We have to know what is included
in Meal D.
Marcus directly says that the main meal islamb. Then, he also mentions “soup, dessert,
coffee” which are already written in the note. Therefore, the answer is lamb.
5 Answer: chicken

The keyword in Q5 is “soup”. We have to know what kind of soup is included in Meal D.
Ella mentions the keyword “soup”, asking what the soup is. Marcus then lists several
seafoods (lobster, prawn, clam); however, those are for Meal A, B, and C. Hence,
lobster, prawn, clam are not correct. Marcus also says that theirs (their soup - soup of
Meal D) is chicken. Therefore, the answer is chicken.
6 Answer: B
The keywords in Q6 are “function” and “on”. We have to know when the function will
take place. Note that a “function” is a ceremony.
Marcus mentions the 20th anniversary and suggests the 14th, saying “what about the
14th?”. However, Ella then replies that it should be the18th. Therefore, the answer is B.
7 Answer: B
The keywords in Q7 are “start” and “at”. We have to know when the function will start.
Ella mentions the phrase “the starting time”, which means they are going to talk about
when the function will start. Marcus then lists all three options: 7pm, 7,30, 8pm. Next,
Ella says that 8pm is too late while 7pm might be too early, and she suggests to take the
middle time, which is 7.30pm. Marcus also agrees with her, saying “let’s do that”.
Therefore, the answer is B.
8 Answer: A
The keywords in Q8 are “dress code”. Note that “dress code” is an accepted way of
dressing for a particular occasion. We have to know more about the way people have to
dress when attending the function.
Because Ella mentions “clothes”, we could guess that they are going to talk about dress
code. Marcus then says that they do not want jeans and jogging shoes or formal
dress. Note that “jeans and jogging shoes” are casual clothes. Next, Ella suggests to
choose smart casual, and Marcus agrees with her. Therefore, the answer is A.
9 Answer: C

The keyword in Q9 is “smoke”. We have to know whether guests can smoke.
Because Marcus directly asks “should we allow smoking?”, we could guess that they
are going to talk about smoking. Ella asks him if the hotel allows smoking, and Marcus
replies that the hotel does allow smoking in designated areas. Note that “area” is a
synonym for “place” while “designated” means “special” in this context. Ella then says
that she would like to ban it - smoking - completely; however, this is just her own
opinion. She also says that they could follow the hotel’s policy, which means that
guests can smoke in special places. Therefore, the answer is C.
10 Answer: B
T h e keyword in Q10 is “bring”. We have to know what guests should bring to the
function.
Ella mentions the phrase “whether the guests should bring anything with them ”.
Marcus then guesses it is a card. However, Ella replies “No”, saying that it is a present.
Note that “a present” is also “a gift”. Hence, the answer is B.
Ella also mentions “a large box”; however, this is just for containing presents that guests
bring to the function. Therefore, B is not correct.
11 Answer: A
T h e keywords in Q11 are “noon” and “1.30pm” . We have to know what activity is
scheduled between noon and 1.30pm.
Because the officer mentions the phrase “lunch period”, we can guess that they are
going to talk about the time between noon and 1.30pm. The worker then directly says that
they are reserving all the jackhammer and drilling work necessary for breaking up the
old concrete paths between noon and 1.30pm, which means that concrete
breaking would be carried out between noon and 1.30pm. Hence, the answer is A.
12 Answer: D
The keywords in Q12 are “5pm” and “8pm”. We have to know what activity is scheduled
between 5pm and 8pm.
Because the worker mentions “after 5 pm ” and “to 8 pm”, we can guess that they are
going to talk about the time between 5pm and 8pm. Next, he directly says that they can
put the excavation to that time, 5pm - 8pm, which means that excavation work
would be carried out between 5pm and 8pm. Hence, the answer is D. Note that
excavation” means the action of digging in this context.

13 Answer: C
T h e keywords in Q13 are “10am” and “noon” . We have to know what activity is
scheduled between 10am and noon.
Because the worker mentions the phrase “from 10 am to noon”, we can guess that they
are going to talk about the time between 10am and noon. The worker then directly says
that morning period (10am-noon) will now primarily be involved with the
pouring of concrete, which means that concrete pouring would be scheduled
between 10am and noon. Hence, the answer is C.
14 Answer: E
T h e keywords in Q14 are “1.30pm” and “3pm” . We have to know what activity is
scheduled between 1.30pm and 3pm.
Because the officer mentions the phrase “the late afternoon”, we can guess that they
are going to talk about the time between 1.30pm and 5pm. The worker then directly says
that in that first hour and a half, they’ll be having their lunch break, which means that
lunch would be scheduled between 1.30pm and 3pm - the first hour and a half
after noon. Hence, the answer is E.
15 Answer: B
The keywords in Q15 are “3pm” and “5pm”. We have to know what activity is scheduled
between 3pm and 5pm.
The worker previously talked about the time between 1.30pm and 3pm inQ14. Hence,
when he mentions the phrase “the remaining two hours”, we can know that they are
going to talk about the time between 3pm and 5pm. The worker then directly says that in
these two hours, they’ll be making the concrete look nice - removing leaves, broken
pieces, and making it all level, which means that concrete levelling would be
scheduled between 3pm and 5pm. Note that removing leaves does not mean
removal of trees even though leaves are a part of trees. Hence, the answer isB.
16 Answer: polished stone

The keywords in Q16 are “concrete” and “covered”. We have to know what is used to
cover the paths instead of concrete.
We can assume that the answer is a noun or a noun phrase consisting of no more than
two words.
The worker first mentions the concrete paths. He then says that they are breaking that
up and removing it, which means that there would be no concrete. Next, the worker says
that they’ll be laying polished stone. Note that “lay” is a synonym for “cover” in this
context. Concrete would be removed, and polished stone would be laid on. This means
the paths would be covered with polished stone instead of concrete. Therefore, the
answer is polished stone.
17 Answer: shops
T h e keywords in Q17 are “rear” and “location” . We have to know what would be
located in the rear corner. Note that the “rear” is the back part.
two words.
The workers first mentions the showcase plaza with a fountain; however, these are in
the front corner. Hence, showcase plaza and a fountain are not correct. The worker
then says that there’ll be shops at the back, in that other corner area. In other
words, the rear corner is the location of shops. Therefore, the answer is shops.
18 Answer: garden

T h e keywords in Q18 are “located” and “left-hand strip” . We have to know what
would be located in the left-hand strip.
two words.
The workers first mentions the long narrow part on the left-hand side. Since a “strip”
means a long and narrow part, it is obvious that the worker is talking about the left-hand
strip.
According to the worker, they had planned to put seating there, and they also thought
about a coffee shop. However, these two are not their final decision. Hence,seating and
coffee shop are not correct.
Next, the worker says that they finally decided that it would be better to have agarden
since there’s so much natural sunlight around that area, and that’s what they’re doing.
This means a garden will be located in the left-hand strip. Therefore, the answer is
garden.
19 Answer: seating
The keywords in Q19 are “central area” . We have to know what would be located in
the central area. Note that the “central” means in, at, from, or near the centre.
two words.
The worker directly says that it was decided to put theseating in the centre of the
plaza, which means the seating will be arranged in the central area. Therefore, the
answer is (the) seating.
20 Answer: plants
The keywords in Q20 are “hang” and “walls”. We have to know what would be hung on
the walls.
two words.
The worker first mentions the keyword “walls”, saying that there is no ornamentation.
Note that “ornamentation” means “decoration”. The worker then says that they thought
about interesting pictures. However, he also states that theydecided to simply hang
plants there. In other words, they made a decision of hangingplants on the walls.
Therefore, the answer is plants.
21 Answer: Two Systems

The keywords in Q21 are “Galileo” and “Name”. We have to know the name of Galileo’s
significant work.
two words.
Steve directly mentions Galileo and asks what his great work was called . David then
replies that it is usually abbreviated to ‘Two Systems’. Note that to “abbreviate” means
to shorten words. Galileo’s great work is abbreviated to Two Systems ; therefore, the
answer is Two Systems.
22 Answer: challenged
The keywords in Q22 are “reason for significance” and “authority”. We have to know
what happened between Galileo’s work and the authority.
We can assume that the answer is a past participle.
Susan directly says that Galileo’s work stands assignificant as it was the first major work
in which authority was challenged. In other words, Galileo’s work challenged the
authority. Therefore, the answer is challenged.
23 Answer: Newton
The keyword in Q23 is “Principia”. We have to know who wrote Principia.
We can assume that the answer is a name.
David directly mentions the phrase “Newton’ s Principia”; therefore, the answer is
Newton.
24 Answer: created order

The keywords in Q24 are “reason for significance” and “Principia”. We have to know
the reason why Principia is significant.
We can assume that the answer is an adjective or a verb phrase consisting of no more
than two words.
Susan directly says that Principia‘s significance lies in the way it finally created order.
In other words, Newton’s work is significant because it created order. Therefore, the
answer is created order.
25 Answer: Relativity

T h e keywords in Q25 are “Einstein” and “name” . We have to know the name of
Einstein’s work.
two words.
Steve first mentions Einstein, and David mentions his work,Relativity. Therefore, the
answer is Relativity.
26 Answer: explained gravity

The keywords in Q26 are “reason for significance” and “Einstein”. We have to know
the reason why Einstein’s work is significant.
We can assume that the answer is an adjective or a verb phrase consisting of no more
than two words.
Susan directly says that the significance of the theory lay in the way it explained
gravity. In other words, Einstein’s work is significant because itexplained gravity.
Therefore, the answer is explained gravity.
27 Answer: E
The keywords in Q27 are “the greatest” and “Steve”. We have to know which scientist
is the greatest in Steve’s opinion.
Steve praises Einstein for his theories, saying that they were non-Newtonian and so
substantially ahead of their time. He then concludes that Einstein is the greatest.
Therefore, the answer is E.
28 Answer: N
The keywords in Q28 are “the greatest” and “David”. We have to know which scientist
is the greatest in David’s opinion.
According to David, Galileo did not form any workable theory that lasted, and Einstein’s
are more just theoretical abstractions. Meanwhile, he praises Newton for his laws, saying
that they are still used today. In his opinion, Newton has stood the test of time, and
must be considered the best of all . Therefore, the answer is N.
29 Answer: G

The keywords in Q29 are “the greatest” and “Susan”. We have to know which scientist
is the greatest in Susan’s opinion.
Susan praises Galileo for his theories, saying thatNewton’s first law of motion is
often attributed to Galileo and that Galileo is known as the ‘Father of Modern
Science’. She then concludes that theymust acknowledge the man who first
started the scientific revolution. Therefore, the answer is G.
30 Answer: N
The keywords in Q30 are “the greatest” and “Peter”. We have to know which scientists
is the greatest in Peter’s opinion.
According to Peter, no one quite knows what Einstein’s theories really mean. He
then praises Galileo for his work, saying that Newtonian physics is at least
understandable. Peter then concludes that he’ll go for him. Note that to “go for”
something or someone means to “choose” something or someone. In other words, the fact
that Peter will go for Newton means he will choose Newton (as the greatest). Therefore,
the answer is N.
31 Answer: B
T h e keywords in Q31 are “Echo” and “example”. We have to know what kind of
example Echo is.
The speaker says that the car model might be called an ‘Echo’ but the brand is ‘Toyota’,
complete with the Toyota symbol. In other words, Echo is an example of a model name
while Toyota is the brand name or the symbol. Therefore, the answer is B.
32 Answer: B

T h e keywords in Q32 are “Calvin Klein” and “Sara Lee” . We have to know the
characteristic of these two.
Because the speaker mentions the fact that people like it when their clothes are Gucci,
their jeans are Calvin Klein, their medicine is Proctor and Gamble, and their cheesecake
is the pleasantly termed Sara Lee, we know that products from these brands are very
popular. However, we do not know whether the founders, including Calvin Klein and Sara
Lee, are popular themselves. Additionally, there is no information indicating that they
have many products. Hence, option A and C are not correct.
Next, the speaker says that those brand names show one way to coin the name of brands
by using Founders’ Names . He then states that it is alright if the name iscatchy and
cadent. Note that “catchy” means pleasing and easy to remember while “cadent” means
having rhythmic cadence. Additionally, “cadence” is the rise and fall of voice. In other
words, those mentioned names are nice sounding. Therefore, the answer is B.
33 Answer: C
The keyword in Q33 is “Amazon”. We have to know what kind of name Amazon uses.
The speaker first mentions the phrase “an evocative name” which can evoke feelings. He
then lists several examples including “Amazon”. Therefore, it is obvious that Amazon
uses an evocative name and that the answer is C.
34 Answer: B
The keywords in Q34 are “Safe and Sleek”. We have to know what kind of name Safe
and Sleek uses.
The speaker first mentions the phrase “a descriptive brand name”. He then lists several
examples including “Safe and Sleek”. Therefore, it is obvious that Safe and Sleek uses a
descriptive name and that the answer is B.
35 Answer: E
The keyword in Q35 is “Kodak”. We have to know what kind of name Kodak uses.
The speaker mentions another method, neologism, which is to invent a word when none
existed before. He then lists several examples including “Kodak”. Therefore, it is obvious
that Kodak uses neologism method and that the answer is E.
36 Answer: car(-)racing

The keywords in Q36 are “Marlboro cigarettes” and “sponsorship”. We have to know
what relates to the sponsorship of Marlboro cigarettes.
two words.
The speaker mentions all the keywords, saying the phrases “Marlboro cigarettes” and
sponsorship of car-racing”. Since the word “sponsorship” is already written in the
table, the answer is car-racing.
37 Answer: jogging shoes

The keywords in Q37 are “Nike” and “product” . We have to know what kind of Nike
products is mentioned.
two words.
Since the speaker directly mentions the phrase “Nike jogging shoes”, the answer is
obviously jogging shoes. Note that a “catchcry” means a slogan in this context.
38 Answer: freedom
The keywords in Q38 are “power” and “speed”. We have to know what is the meaning
of Nike image beside power and speed.
two words.
According to the speaker, Nike logo is all consistent with the symbolism ofpower, speed ,
and freedom. Since “power” and “speed” are already written in the table, the answer is
freedom.
39 Answer: crown
The keywords in Q39 are “Rolex watches” and “logo”. We have to know the logo of
Rolex watches.
two words.
The speaker mentions all the keywords which are “Rolex watches” and “logo”.
According to him, the Rolex logo is a crown. Therefore, the answer is crown.
40 Answer: controversial

T h e keywords in Q40 are “Calvin Klein jeans” and “advertisements” . We have to
know the kind of advertisements relating to Calvin Klein jeans.
We can assume that the answer is an adjective.
The speaker first mentions the phrase “Calvin Klein jeans”. He then says that the logo is
linked to famous series of sexy models and controversial ads. Note that “ad” is a short
form for “advertisement” while to “put forward” means to suggest ideas. Hence, Calvin
Klein put forward a series of controversial advertisements. Therefore, the answer is
controversial.

Audio Script:
SECTION 1
You will hear two colleagues, Marcus and Ella, discussing details about the
coming office party.
Marcus: Okay Ella. As you know, you and I have to make the big decision about
in which restaurant we are going to hold our office celebration.
Ella: Well, we’re celebrating 20 years of operation, so I think it has to be a good

restaurant -something which will really impress people, and make them think
better of the company.
Marcus: We do have a budget, though. It’s... how much?
Ella: $2,000, and that should be enough for a good meal.
Marcus: Actually, it’s Q1 $3,000, not $2,000. Iconfirmed that today.
Ella: That should be enough for a great meal, then.
Marcus: Well, this is a significant milestone. So, should we go for a buffet meal
at a local hotel? All you can eat? Something like that?
Ella: The Chestfield Hotel has good food. I’ve eaten there before. Very
impressive.
Marcus: Yes, I’ve got the brochure here. Do you know how much it costs? The
full buffet banquet is beyond us, I’m afraid.
Ella: Yes, but we don’t have to get the banquet. They have set meals for
cheaper prices. Show me the brochure. What about this? Set Meal C is $50 a
head, and that’s just within our price range. It includes a main meal with
prawns, and there’s other seafood as well. Look, there’s even a seafood platter,
with Q2 crabs , oysters, everything you like.
Marcus: But not everyone likes seafood. Let me see the brochure. Actually, Set
Meal D looks better to me -more meat-based.
Ella: How much is it?
Marcus: Meal A is $70, B is $60, and so on, so D is even cheaper, at Q3 $45.
Ella: Okay, and we could spend the money we save on other things, such as a
lottery present, or something.
Marcus: The main meal is Q4 lamb , and everyone likes that, right? It comes

with soup, dessert, coffee, all the frills that you’d expect.
Ella: What’s the soup?
Marcus: Actually, all the meals come with soup. Meal A is lobster soup, B is
prawn, C is clam - but ours is Q5 chicken.
Ella: Ah, T like that. Chicken is simple but tasty. All those seafood soups are not
nearly as nice.
Marcus: So, why don’t we take Meal D then?
Ella: Alright, we’ve picked the restaurant and meal for this celebration, so that
just leaves the time and date to be decided.
Marcus: We need to do it soon. This month is the 20th anniversary, so what

about the 14th?
Ella: 14th? Hmmm, but wouldn’t it be belter to do it after the end-of-quarter

reports are handed in? That way everyone will feel more relaxed. That’s the
Q6 18th , after the middle of the month.
Marcus: Good thinking. That’s why you’re the office manager, and I’m not.
Ella: Ha ha. And that leaves the starting time. After work, but not too late,
right?
Marcus: Well, any time is fine, I should think. 7 pm, 7,30, 8 pm. Does it really
matter?
Ella: Not too late, though. 8 pm is too late. 7 pm might be too early for those
submitting the end-of-day accounts. Split the difference then. Take the middle
time. That will please everyone.
Marcus: Sounds fine by me. Q7 Let’s do that, then. Now, that leaves the minor
details, you know, about clothes, and what to bring, and...
Ella: Clothes! Isn’t this an informal event?
Marcus: Yes, but it is an anniversary, and we don’t want people in jeans and
jogging shoes. We don’t necessarily want formal dress, either.
Ella: I agree. Formal is too... well... formal. Smart casual is better. Let’s just say
‘ Q8 smart casual’, okay?
Marcus: Okay. And should we allow smoking?
Ella: Isn’t that the hotel’s decision? Do they allow smoking?
Marcus: They do - in designated areas, well away from the eating tables.

Ella: Personally I hate smoking, and would like to ban it completely from this
function, but, to be reasonable, I think we can just Q9 follow the hotel’s policy.
If they allow it, so can we.
Marcus: Okay, that sounds fine. That just leaves... ah...
Ella: ...whether the guests should bring anything with them. I think it would be
a nice idea if everyone brought a...
Marcus: Let me guess. A card, right? A ‘getting-to-know-you’ card?
Ella: No. A Q10 present! A small present, of course, to be put into a large box,
and then everyone can reach inside and pull out something. A lucky dip! That
should be a good laugh, don’t you think?
Marcus: Great idea!
SECTION 2
You will hear a construction Worker: and university officer discussing the
effects of some new construction on the university premises.
Worker: Hello, Helen, is it?
Officer: Yes, that’s right, and let me begin by saying that your construction is
already causing considerable disturbance to our student body.
Worker: I’m afraid we have deadlines to meet, but you did ask for a timetable.
We can certainly try to do the noisiest work at specific times when it least
disrupts the students.
Officer: Good. I’ve already emailed you about sensitive times of the day.
Obviously our lunch period is the best time for you to do all the noisy work.
Worker: Yes, and as a result, in that time, we are reserving all the jackhammer
and drilling work necessary for Q11 breaking up the old concrete paths. So,
that will be between noon and 1.30 pm. It will result in some delays to us, but
not enough to significantly put us behind, so we’re happy to do it at that time.
The other time you mentioned as favourable for our noisiest work is after 5 pm.
As you know, due to the deadlines, we work at night, to 8 pm.
Officer: Yes, I see the lights at night when I walk to my car.
Worker: Well, we can similarly put most of the digging of earth, or, in other
words, the Q12 excavation, to that time, and that work is certainly noisy due
to the engines of the earth-moving vehicles. Inevitably, of course, there must
be some noise during the day, and I think that the best we can do is to

concentrate it at one specific time, so that at least you can anticipate it. Ah,...
that time will be from 10 am to noon. We’ve just finished cutting down and
sawing up all the trees, so that morning period will now primarily be involved
with the Q13 pouring of concrete. That must be done early in the day to allow
the concrete to harden during the daylight hours. It will involve
considerable noise, I’m afraid, mostly from the trucks and concrete mixers, so
expect some racket in those two hours.
Officer: So what will happen in the late afternoon? Will it be quiet enough for
exam work?
Worker: I believe so, since in that first hour and a half, we’ll be having
our Q14 lunch break, and in the remaining two hours, we’ll just be making
the concrete look nice - you know, removing leaves, broken pieces, and making
it all Q15 level and flat before it hardens - so the noise will certainly be at a
minimum in that period of time.
Officer: Well, it’s good to know this construction activity won’t disturb us too
much, and I trust it’s all worth it. Perhaps you can tell me how this new plaza
will look when it’s all finished. Can you give me some idea of the final
appearance?
Worker: Oh, it’s going to look very nice. For a start, right now we’ve just got
concrete paths, and as you can see, we’re breaking that up and removing it,
and soon we’ll be laying Q16 polished stone.
Officer: Really. Stone? And polished, too?
Worker: Yes, it will look very good - nice and shiny, giving a touch of class. The
university is certainly spending some money on this. I guess it will be the
showcase plaza, especially with a fountain as well in the front corner. And
there’ll be Q17 shops, too, at the back, in that other corner area. Right now
it’s just empty space, but soon you’ll be able to buy things there. Not just from
one shop, either, but many. I suppose that will help the university draw some
income, as well. And see that long narrow part, on the left-hand side? We had
planned to put seating there, but we soon realised that wasn't such a good
idea. We thought about a coffee shop, but finally decided that it would be
better to have a Q18 garden since there’s so much natural sunlight around
that area, so that’s what we’re doing. It should look very nice indeed,
particularly when it grows a bit. And after some thought, it was decided to put
the Q19 seating in the centre of the plaza , since being right in the middle
allows everyone to be seen, and everyone to see everything, creating a very
fun atmosphere. Along those same lines, that is, in order to create a better
atmosphere, we’re changing the facade of the buildings facing into the plaza.
Right now, there’s nothing there, just walls without any ornamentation. We
thought that we could either paint them with interesting pictures - perhaps
with modern art, or that sort of thing, but then decided to simply Q20 hang
plants there, in keeping with the natural look of the place.
Officer: Well, keep up the good work. I’m sure it’s going to look wonderful when
it’s all finished.
SECTION 3
You will hear three students - Steve, David, and Susan: -discussing a science
lecture they attended.
Susan: What did you think about the lecture, David?
David: I thought it was rather interesting. I liked the way it examined

the personalities, as well as the achievements, of the three great physicists of
history. It was also interesting in the way it highlighted that all of them had
traits in common, despite being removed by centuries. What did you think,
Steven?
Steve: I thought, for their times, all three scientists were quite revolutionary.
Also, I found it quite funny how Galileo, the Italian physicist, in his great work...
what was it called?
David: It’s usually abbreviated to ‘ Q21 Two Systems’.
Steve: Yeah, yeah, in the ‘Two Systems’. It isn’t really science in the
conventional sense at all because it’s so funny. How can science have
characters, one of them with the name ‘Simplicio’?
Susan: I think, though, that it stands as significant in that it was the first major
work in which Q22 authority was challenged. Before that, the church and the
state and royalty all held absolute authority over the thinking of the times, but
Galileo was brave enough to challenge this by putting forward scientific truth.
It simply started everything.
David: I agree with you there, and it was important, and I don’t wish to
underestimate that at all, but Galileo’s works were somewhat scattered. He
couldn’t fuse all the ideas together. That had to wait for Q23 Newton’s
‘Principia’.
Steve: So why do we call it that? It’s not even English.
David: Well, Newton wrote his ‘Principia’ in Latin, as was the practice of all
scientists of the time. ‘Principia’ is the key word in the title, which we usually

use when referring to this great work.
Susan: And I think you’re right David. Its significance lies in the way it
finally Q24 created order. Before that, things were still
confused, disordered, let’s say.
David: That’s right, Susan. With Newton, the heavens became like a clockwork
mechanism, where the orbits and motion of the planets and comets could be
predicted. Newton simply created order, and suddenly the universe seemed
understandable.
Steve: Until Einstein came along, and confused the hell out of everyone.
David: Yes, I agree that his ‘ Q25 Relativity’ is mathematically complex, but
once you conquer this, it is remarkably straightforward.
Steve: Why did he call it Relativity anyway?
David: Because every motion is relative to the motion of other bodies. Hence,
relativity!
Steve: I suppose it’s a logical name, when you think about it.
Susan: Yes, and the significance of the theory lay in the way it Q26 explained
gravity. Prior to that, gravitational motion, or action at a distance, was just
assumed to happen, but nobody quite knew why. Einstein was successful in
providing a theory which explained this, and that theory has lasted to the
present day. That makes it quite an accomplishment.
David: I think we’d have to agree that all three scientists accomplished much,
in their own way.
Susan: So, David, you’re obviously impressed with these three scientists, so it
would be interesting to know who you think was the greatest of all?
David: Well, strictly it’s impossible to say, since everything is relative to the
times in which these scientists lived. Newton built upon the works of Galileo,
and Einstein built upon the works of Newton.
Steve: But that’s not true, actually. Einstein’s theories were non-Newtonian -
which is why they were so substantially ahead of their time. Given this, I’d
say Q27 Einstein is the greatest.
David: Well, certainly Steve, I accept that Einstein was great, and substantially
ahead of his time, but Newton’s laws are still used today. Galileo, in contrast,
didn’t form any workable theory that lasted, and Einstein’s theories are more
just theoretical abstractions.

Steve: Well, not really. We still use them for cosmological theories, black
holes...
David: But not for everyday life. Not for normal planetary physics. In that
sense, Newton has stood the test of time, and must be Q28 considered the
best of all. What do you think Susan?
Susan: Did you know that Newton’s first law of motion is often attributed to
Galileo? And that Galileo is known as the ‘Father of Modern Science’, even by
Einstein, which supports Q29 him being the greatest. I would say that we
must acknowledge the man who first started the scientific revolution. Without
his work, we wouldn’t have Newton or Einstein.
David: Oh Susan, that’s ridiculous! Galileo’s works were unscientific and almost
farcical. Look, here’s Peter. Let’s ask him. Peter! Which scientist do you think
was the greatest?
Peter: Greatest? Ah, the old argument. Einstein is the conventional answer, but
when it comes down to it, no one quite knows what his theories really mean.
Newtonian physics is at least understandable, so I’ll Q30 go for him.
David: Yes. There you go!
Susan: Well, we’ll just have to agree to disagree on that one.
SECTION 4
You will hear a lecturer talking about brands and branding.
In the wild west, without fences or defined ownership of land, one man’s cattle
could easily be mixed up with another - hence, cattle were branded - that is, a
sign was scarred onto their skin using a hot iron brand. Well, we still use the
word today, but in a more general sense. Putting it simply, a brand is a name,
term, design, or symbol, which identifies one seller’s goods from another. The
car model might be called an ‘ Q31 Echo’ but the brand is ‘Toyota’, complete
with the Toyota symbol. People will trust brands, leading them to buy other
products of the same brand. Then, it has achieved ‘brand recognition’, which is
a very good thing to have. Similarly, perhaps your clothes are Gucci, your jeans
are Calvin Klein, your medicine is Proctor and Gamble, and your cheesecake
is the pleasantly termed Sara Lee and that’s the way you like it.
Actually, all those previous brand names show you one way to coin the name of
your brand. Just name your company, and its products, after yourself. This is
known as using ‘Founders’ Names’ - which is alright if your name is catchy and
cadent, such as, well, ‘ Q32 Galvin Klein’. But there are many other ways as
well.
Well, here are some other ways to decide on your new brand name. You could
use an acronym, such as IBM, or AWA, which sounds modern, scientific, and
technically proficient. You might also wish to evoke feelings with
an evocative name, such as Everest Airlines, where the skies are yours,
or Q33 Amazon Books, with streams of literature, biggest in the world, or Nike,
named after the winged Greek God of victory. Alternatively, you might like to
describe your product by using a descriptive brand name -- Q34 Safe and
Sleek Bedding, EverAlert Security System, and so on. Or, you could make it
rhyme to be more easily remembered. Reese’s Pieces, Fasta Pasta, and others.
Another method is just to invent a word when none existed before, technically
known as a neologism. Names such as ‘Wii’, ‘ Q35 Kodak’ or ‘Rolex’. And, there
are more methods as well. Each comes with its own appeal, but ultimately,
everyone wants a ‘global brand’ Facebook, Pepsi, Nike - a name recognised all
around the world.
Now, let’s go a little deeper into brands. One of the things which companies
seek for their brands is an independent identity, or a concept regarding how
the buyer feels about, or perceives, the product. A good example is Marlboro
cigarettes, with its cowboy imagery, and sponsorship of Q36 car-racing,
all targeting a manly tough male buyer. In other words, the images,
commercials, logos, sponsorship, and product packaging, are all carefully
designed to cultivate a single identity, which resonates, in theory, with the
target market. The core clement of this is the logo the visual symbol that
represents the brand.
So, if, for example, the product is for younger people, say,.. Nike Q37 jogging
shoes, the catchcry is ‘Just do it’, and high-profile athletes appear in all their
advertisements. Think of that Nike logo, that single tick, one of the most
recognisable logos in the world, and it’s all consistent with the symbolism
of power, speed, and Q38 freedom.
On the other hand, if you are targeting a richer, more mature, and male buyer,
say... with Rolex watches, the brand image might be one of solidity,
sophistication, reliability, and the Rolex logo, a Q39 crown, that sign of royalty,
of might and power, top of the heap, similarly puts forward this image.
If we are targeting the younger teenage market, say... with Calvin Klein jeans,
the brand image is one of sexiness, rebellion, and freedom from conventions.
The logo is simply the name on the jeans, but it is linked to that famous series
of sexy models and those Q40 controversial ads , which still run to this. day.
This is all big science now, collectively known as ‘brand management’. It’s
complicated, but when done well, can result in millions of dollars in extra sales.

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IELTS Practice Test

1. Open this URL http://link.intergreat.com/cwz8i on your computer

2. Use your mobile device to scan the QR code attached

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Write ONE WORD OR A NUMBER for each answer.

Celebrating 20 years! (Example)

Budget for meal ($): 1

• consists of prawns and a seafood platter with 2 and oysters.

• cost ($): 3 /head

• consists of 4 with 5 soup, dessert, and coffee.

6 The function will take place on the:

7 It will start at:

8 The dress code will be:

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C smoke in special places.

10 Guests should bring a:

Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS for each answer.

Changes to the University Plaza

Instead of concrete, the paths will be covered with 16

The rear corner is the location of 17

A 18 will be located at the left-hand strip.

In the central area, 19 will be arranged.

They made a decision of hanging 20 on the walls.

Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS for each answer.

Physicist Name of Significant Work Reason for Significance

Galileo 21 It 22 the authority

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NB You may use a letter more than once.

Which scientist does each person think was the greatest?

32 Calvin Klein and Sara Lee:

A are very popular.

B are nice sounding names.

C have many products.

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What type of name does each company use?

Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS for each answer.

Product Logo/Symbol Image

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23 Newton 24 created order

25 Relativity 26 explained gravity

37 jogging shoes 38 freedom

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We can assume that the answer is a number.

We can assume that the answer is a noun.

We can assume that the answer is a number.

We can assume that the answer is a noun.

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We can assume that the answer is a noun.

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16 Answer: polished stone

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21 Answer: Two Systems

We can assume that the answer is a past participle.

We can assume that the answer is a name.

24 Answer: created order

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26 Answer: explained gravity

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