SPRING

Springs are elastic bodies

(generally metal) that can be twisted,
pulled, or stretched by some force.
They can return to their original
shape when the force is released.
 In other words it is also termed as
a resilient member.
 CLASSIFICATION OF SPRINGS

1) WIRE SPRINGS (Helical springs): (Constant / Variable pitch)

a) Tension helical spring (Conical, barrel)

b) Compression helical spring (Conical, barrel)
c) Torsion spring
d) Spiral spring
2) FLAT PLATE SPRING (Leaf springs)
3) AIR SPRINGS
4) AUTO COIL SPRINGS
5) GAS SPRINGS
 COMPRESSION HELICAL SPRING
TENSION HELICAL SPRING
CONICAL SPIRAL SPRING
BARREL COMPRESSION SPRING
TORTION HELICAL SPRING
Flat Plate torsion spring
LEAF SPRING
AIR SPRING
AIR SPRING AUTO COIL SPRING
GAS SPRING
TENSION HELICAL SPRING (OR) EXTENSION SPRING
1. It stretches apart to create load.
2. The gap between the successive coils is small.
3. The wire is coiled in a sequence that the turn is
at right angles to the axis of the spring.
4. The spring is loaded along the axis.
5. The springs are provided with hooks at both
ends to apply load.
6. By applying load the spring elongates in action
 Compression springs
• It is useful when the spring is used for energy storage purposes.
• This should not be used when springs are subjected to fatigue.
BARREL SPRING
 Barrel springs are specialized of the conventional
helical compression spring.

 Variable diameters act in the same way as variable

pitch to promote consecutive coiling closing
TORSION SPRING

1. It is also a form of helical spring, but it rotates

about an axis to create load.
2. It releases the load in an arc around the axis.
3. Mainly used for torque transmission
 SPIRAL SPRING
1. It is made of a band of steel wrapped around itself a
number of times to create a geometric shape.
2. It has a few rotations and also contains a thicker band of
steel.
3. It releases power when it unwinds.
 LEAF SPRING
•Sometimes it is also called as a semi-elliptical
spring.
•It provides dampness and springing function.
 Air Spring
• Air springs are mechanical device
using confined air to absorbed the
shock of motion
• It is mostly used in automobiles
Auto coil spring
•A section of spring steel rod wound in a
spiral pattern or shape.
•Car coil springs are widely used in both
front and rare suspension systems.
•These coils cusion and absorb the shocks
and bumps as the vehical is driven.
Gas springs
•A gas spring is a type of spring that
uses compressed gas contained in a
cylinder and variably compressed by
piston, to exert a force.
•Adjustable gas springs can be found
in multiple applications.
 SPRING MATERIALS

1) Hard drawn high carbon steel. 9)Chrome vanadium.

2) Oil tempered high carbon steel. 10) Chrome silicon.
3) Stainless steel
4) Copper or nickel based alloys.
5) Phosphor bronze.
6) Inconel.
7) Monel
8) Titanium.
 APPLICATIONS OF SPRINGS

1) To apply forces and controlling motion, as in brakes and clutches.

2) Measuring forces, as in the case of a spring balance.
3) Storing energy, as in the case of springs used in watches and toys.
4) Reducing the effect of shocks and vibrations in vehicles and machine
foundations.
 TERMINOLOGIES IN A COMPRESSION HELICAL
SPRING
 1)Free length : overall length of spring in the unloaded
condition.
 2)Pitch : the distance from center to center of wire in
adjacent active coils.
 4)Solid length : Length of the compression spring when
under sufficient load to bring all coils into contact with
adjacent coils.
 5)Pitch angle : It is the angle between the plane of coil and
plane perpendicular to axis of the spring .
 TERMINOLOGIES IN A COMPRESSION HELICAL
SPRING
 6) Variable diameter springs: Those springs whose coil
diameter is different along the axis of the springs.

 7) Constant diameter springs: Those springs in which the

diameter of the all coils of spring is same.

 8) Constant pitch springs: Those springs in which the

distance between the two same points lying on the
successive coils is same throughout the spring length.

 9) Variable pitch springs: Those springs in which pitch of

spring varies along the length of the spring.