EXAM STRUCTURES ANGLE SID CR IR BREATHING KVP

AIR FILLED TRACHEA, LUNGS, IIEART

SHADOW, DIAPHRAGM DOMES. ENTIRE TOP 1.ST02
LUNG FIELDS FROM AP ICES TO INCHES ADOVE
: Lf'ACttl,r � COSTOPHRENIC ANGLES P_ERP 12. INFERIOR ANGLE OF SCAPULA SHOULDER 2ND FULl lNSPERIATION U5-12S

HEART, AORTA, LEFT SIDE PULMONARY

LESIONS. SUPERIMPOSITION OF RIBS WITH

"
VERTADRAE,OPEN INTERVERTEBRAL 1.5 TO 2 INCHES
LATERAL CHEST SPACES PERP 72
INFERIOR ANGLE OF SCAPULA
115•12S
ABOVE SHOULDER 2ND FULLINSPERIATION
AIR FILLED TRACHEA, LAO LEFT
SUPERIMPOSED LUNG BY SPINE, RAO
•AP OBLIQUE CHEST 45 DEGREES- RIGHT SUPERIMPOSED LUNG BY THE SPINE, 1.5 TO 2 INCHES
SIDE-OF INTEREST CLOSEST TO IR BRONCHIAL TREE PERP 72: INFERIOR ANGLE OF SCAPULA ABOVE SHOULDER 2ND FULL INSPERIATION US.125

RPO COMPARABLE TO LAO ANO RAO 1.5 TO 2 INCHES

PA OBLIQUE 45 DEGREES SIDE OF
COMPARABLE TO LPO PERP 72 INFERIOR ANGLE OF SCAPULA ABOVE SHOULDER 2ND FULL INSPERIATION 115-125
INTEREST FARTHEST FROM IR

APICES LYING BELOW CLAVICLES, STERNAL 'j' 1S-20

AP /llflAl .. ENDS OF CLAVICALS EQUIDISTANCE DEGREES n LEVEL TO T2 CENTER TO CR FULL INSPIRATION 115-125
CONCAVITY OF PHALANGEAL BODIES,
OPEN IP ANO MCP JOINTS, FINGERNAIL
PA DIGITS VISUALIZED CENTER PERP 40 PIP JOINT CENTER TO CR H/A
I

_L
CONCAVITY OF ELEVATED SIDE QI' DIGIT,
NO SUPERIMPOSITION OF PROXIMAL
OBLIQUE DIGITS PHALANX OR MCP JOINT PERP 40 PIP JOINT CENTER TO CR N/A
CONCAVE ANTERIOR SURFACE OF
PHALANGES, NO ROTATION OF
LATERAL DIGIT PHALANGES, FINGERNAIL IN PROFILE PERP 40 PIP JOINT CENTER TO CR WA 50
-
EQUAL CONCAVITY OF METACARPAL ANO
PHALANGEAL BODIES, FINGERNAILS IN
CENTER, EQUAL DISTANCE BETWEEN
I
PA HANO METACARPAL HEADS PERP 40 THIRD MCP JOINT CENTER TO CR N/A so.ss

MINIMAL OVERLAP Of 3RO-STH

METACARPAL BODIES. SLIGHT OVERLAP OF ,
OBLIQUE HAND METACARPAL BASES AND HEADS PeRP 40 THlRO MCP JOINT CENTER TOCR N/A so-ss
SUPERIMPOSED METACJ\RPALS,
SUPERIMPOSED DISTAL RADIUS ANO ULNA,
LATERAL HAND THUMB FREE OF SUPERIMPOSITION PEN> 40 THIRD MCP JOINT CENTER TO CR N/A 50-55
 NO ROTATION OF CARPALS,
METACARPALS, RADIUS ANO ULNA. NO
OVERLAP OF DIGITS, OPEN RAOIO ULNAR
PA WRIST
;,, SPACE PERP 40 MIDCARPAL AREA CENTER TO CR N/A 50-55

SLIGHT OVERLAP OF RADIUS ANO ULNA,

TRAPEZIUM ANO OISTALSCAPHOJO
WITHOUT SUPERIMPOSITION,
TRAPEZIOTRAPEZOID AND
PA OBLIQUE WRIST SCAPHOTRAPOZEZIAL JOINTS SPACE OPEN PERP 40 MIDCARPALAREA CENTER TO CR N/A 50-55
SUPERIMPOSED METACARPALS, DISTAL
RADIUS ANO ULNA. PROXIMAL HALF OF
LATERAL WRIST METACARPALS PERP 40 PERP TO WRIST1'1JINT CENTER TO CR N/A 50-55

StlGHT SUPERIMPOSITION OF RADIAL

HEAD, NECK AND TUBEROSITY OF
PROXIMAL ULNA. ELBOW JOINT, RADIUS,
AP FOREARM I ULNA PROXIMAL ROW OF CARPALS PERP 40 MIO FOREARM CENTER TO CR N/A 60-65

RADIAL TUBEROSITY FACING ANTERIORLY.

SUPERIMPOSITION OF RADIAL HEAD OVER
CORONOID PROCESS. SUPERIMPOSITION
LATERAL FOREARM OF RADIUS ANO ULNA AT DISTAL ENOS. PERP 40 MID FOREARM CENTER TO CR N/A 60-65

DISTAL ARM AND PROXIMAL FOREARM, NO

ROTATION OF HUMERAL EPYCONDYLES.
RADIAL HEAD, NECK AND TUBEROSITY
SLIGHTLY SUPERIMPOSED OVER PROXIMAL
AP ELBOW 7
-
ULNA PERP 40 PERP TO ELBOW JOINT CENTER TO CR N/A 60-65

OLECRANON PROCESS IN PROFILE. RADIAL

TUBEROSITY FACING ANTERIORLY.
LATERAL E_!.BOW SUPERIMPOSED HUMERAL EPICONDYLES. PERP 40 PERP TO ELBOW JOINT CENTER TOCR N/A 60-65
CORCWID PROCESS IN PROFILE. ULNA
SUPERIMPOSED BY RADIAL HEAD AND
OBLIQUE MEDIAL ROTATJONJ' NECK. TROCHLEA PERP 40 PERP TO ELBOW JOINT CENTER TD CR N/A 60-65
RADIAL HEAD, NECK AND TUOEROSITY FREE
O�l[QUE LATERAL ROTATION ,. OF ULNA. CAPITULUM. PERP 40 PERP TO ELBOW JOINT CENTER TOCR N/A 60.65

EPICONDYLES WITHOUT ROTATION.

HUMERAL HEAD ANO GREATER TUBERCLE 1.5 INCHES AOOVE
AP HUMERUS IN PROFILE. ELBOW ANO SHOULDER JOINTS PERP 40 CENTER OF IR HUMERAL HEAD SUSPEND 65•70
 I
SUPERIMPOSED EPICONDVI.ES:-LESSER-
TUBERCLE IN PROFILE. GREATER TUBERCLE 1.5 INCHES ABOVE
lATERAL HUMERUS I OVER HUMERAL HEAD. PERP 40 CENTER OF IR HUMERAL HEAD I SUSPEND I 65-70

I I
HUMERAL HEAD IN PROFILE. GREAT 1 INCH BELOW CORACOID
AP SHOULDER EXTERNAL f TUBERClf IN PROFILE ON LATERAL SID. PERP 40 PROCESS CENTER TO CR SUSPEND I 60-75
GREATER TUBERCLE PARTIALLY

I j __ I J---
SUPERIMPOSING HUMERAL HEAD. 1 INCH BELOW CORACOID
AP SHOULDER NEUTRAL 1 HUMERAL HEAD IN PARTIAL PROFILE. PE�P___l 40___I
PROCESS CENTER!� CR_ �SPEND I 60-75

· LESSER TUBERCLE IN PROFILE. OUTLINE OF

GREATER TUBERCLE SUPERIMPOSING 1 INCH BELOW CORACOID
A P SHOULDER INTERNAL I HUMERAL HEAD PERP 40 PROCESS CENTER TO CR I SUSPEND I 60-75
,,,
I I
LATERAL HALF ABOVE SCAPULA ANO
CLAVICALAP MEDIAL HALF SUPERIMPOSING THORAX. I PERP I 40 MID ClAVICAL CENTER TO CR SUSPEND EXHALATION I 60-75
I I
PROJErno ABOVE RIBS AND SCAPULA

I I
WITH MEDIAL ENO OVERLAPING flRST AND
CLAVICAl AP AXIAL SECOND RIB. All OF SC AND AC JOINTS PERP 40 MIO CLAVICAL 15-30 DEGREES CENTER TO CR SUSPEND INSP�TION I 60-75

,. LATERAL PORTION FREE OF RIBS. l'","'�'J:'t,I'\":

ANO INFERIOR ANGLE. DETAIL THROUGH 2 INCHES INFERIOR CORACOIO
AP SCAPUIJI I I SUPERIMPOSED LUNG. PERP 40 PROCESS CENTER TO CR SLOW BREATHING I 60-75

LATERAL AND MEDIAL BORDERS

EQUAL SPACES SECOND· FOURTH

METATARSALS. OVERLAP OF BASES. IP, TOWARDS
AP AXIAL FOOT J I MTP TMT JOINTS OPENED HEEL 40 BASE OF THIRD METATARSAL CENTER TO CR N/A I 50-55

THIRD THROUGH FIFTH METATARSALS

FREE OF SUPERIMPOSITIONS. FIRST AND

I
SECOND SUPERIMPOSED ON MEDIAL ANO

I I I I I
OPLIQUE FOOT 45 DEGREES ' INTERMEDIATE CUNEIFORM. TUBEROSITY
MEDIAL OF FIFTH METATARSAL PERP 40 BASE OF THIRD METATARSAL CENTER TO CR N/A I 50-55
SUPERIMPOSED OASES OF METATARSALS.
FIBULA OVERLAPING TIDIA. TIOITAlAR
LATERAL FOOT 1 I JOINT. PERP 40 BASE OF THIRD METATARSAL CENTER TO CR N/S I 50-55

I
NO OVERLAPPING OF TALOMAlLEOLAR
APANKLE• � JOINT. MEDIAL ANO LATERAL MALLEOLI. I PERP I 40 I MID MAllEOLI I CENTER TO CR I N/A I 55-60

'.
...
 FIFTH METATARSAL OASE AND TUBEROSITY
FORJONESFRACTURE.METATARSAL
SUPERIMPOSED. TIBIOTALAR JOl�ELL
LATERAL ANKLE VISUALIZED. PERP 40 MIO MALLEOLI CENTER TO CR N/A 55-60

OBLIQUE ANKLE 4S DEGREES I DISTAL TIBIA ANO FIBULA OVERLAP SOME.

MEDIAL TIBIOFIOULAR ARTICULATION OPEN. PERP 40 MID MALLEOLI CENTER TO CR N/A 55-60
OBtlQUE ANKLE 15 T9 20 NO OVERLAP OF THE ANTERIOR TUBERCLE.
DEGREES MEDIAL ENTIRE MORTISE JOINT PERP 40 MID MALLEOLI CENTER TO CR N/A 55-60
TIBIA ANO FIBULA MODERATELY
OVERLAPPED. MIDSHAFT FREE OF
AP TIO FIB SUPERIMPOSITION. PERP 40 CENTER OF LEG CENTER TOCR N/A 60-65
DISTAL FIBULA OVERLAP HALF Of TIBIA.
DISTAL ANO PROXIMAL ENOS
SUPERIMPOSED. MODERATE SEPARATION
LATERAL TIB FIil OF SHAffi. PERP 40 CENTER OF LEG CENTER TO CR N/A 60-6S
INTERCONDYLAR EMINENCE CENTERED.

,
SLIGHT SUPERIMPOSITION OF FIOULAR 1/2 INCH BELOW PATELLAR
HEAD. PATELLA COMPLETELY APEX. 3-5 DEGREES CAUDAD 19.
AP KNEE SUPERIMPOSED. PERP 40 3-5 DEGREES CEPHALAD <24 ! .l :-$,'dNTER TO CR N/A 60-70
,. FEMORAL CONOYLES SUPERIMPOSED.
FIBULAR HEAD AND TIBIA SLIGHTLY
SUPERIMPOSED. OPEN PATELLA FEMORAL S • 7 DEGREES 1 INCH DISTAL TO MEDIAL
LATERAL KNEE JOINT SPACE. CEPALAD 40 EPICONOYLE CENTER TO C R N/A 60-70
,_,· JOINT SPACE NEAREST TO THE
<--
PATiiOLOGIC CONDITION. FEMORAL NECK HIP'l"0� A T ASIS.
NOT FORESHORTENED. LESSER J
KNEE ,s8-TTOM2
TROCHANTER NOT SEEN BEYOND MEDIAL INCHES snow SUSPEND FOR PROXIMAL
AP FEMUR BORDER. NO KNEE ROTATIION PERP 40 CENTER OF FILM KNEE JOINT. FEMUR 65·75

,,,, PATfilA IN PROFILE. SUPERIMPOSED

ANTERIOR SURFACE OF FEMORAL HIP TOP AT ASIS.
CONDYlES./OPPOSITE THIGH NOT OVER KNEE BOTTOM 2
PROXIMAL FEMUR. GREATER TROCHANTER INCHES BELOW SUSPEND FOR PROXIMAL
lATERAl FEMUR SUPERIMPOSED OVER FEMORAL NECK. PERP 40 CENTER OF FILM KNEE JOINT. FEMUR 65-75

BOTh ILIA ANO GREATER TROCHANTERS

EQUIOISTANTTO EDGE OF FILM.
SYMMETRIC OBTURATER FORAMINA.
ISCHIAL SPINES EQUALLY SEEN. GREATER TOP 1.5 INCHES
APPRVIS� TROCHANTERS IN PROFILE PERP 40 CENTER OF IR ABOVE ASIS SUSPEND 65-80
- FEMORAL HEAD SEEN THROUGH THE
ACETABULUM. GREATER TROCHANTER IN
PROFILE. LESSER TROCHANTER NOT
APHIP J PROJECTED BEYOND MEDIAL BORDER. PERP 40 PERP TO FEMORAL NECK CENTER TOCR SUSPEND 6S-80
 PERPS
DEGREES FOR
MEN ANOS
SUPERIMPOSEDCRESTS OF ILIA. DEGREES FOR
lUM80SACRALJUNCTION. l1-4 WOMEN
LATERAL L SPINE frmERVERTEBRAL FORAMINbSEEN, NOT LS.
CAUDAO I 40 I ILIAC CREST I CENTERED TO CR I FULL EXPIRATION I 70-80

PERP S
DEGREES FOR
MENANDS
DEGREES FOR
lOWER 1 OR 2 VERTEBRAE ANO UPPER WOMEN 2" POSTERIOR TO ASIS ANO 1.5"
lATERAL LS-Sl JOINT.1 SACRUM. ILIA SUPERIMPOSING. CAUOAO 40 INFERIOR TO ILIAC CREST. I CENTERED TO CR I SUSPEND I 70-80
·' ' / 2" MEDIAL OF ELEVATED ASIS
scom DOG. ZVGOPOPHYSEAL JOINTS. ANO 1" TO 1.S" ABOVE ILIAC�
AP OBLIQUE L SPINE 45 DEGREES , SIDE OF INTEREST CLOSEST TO IR. PERP 40 CREST I CENTEREOTOCR I FULL EXPIRATION I 70-80

l
300EGREES
•I FORMALE
AN035
DEGREES FOR sv.,:;s• '"""'°"o PUB<
FEMAlE PHYSIS ANO 2.5" INFERIOR
AP AXIAL SI JOINTS I LUMBOSACRAlJUNCTION ANO SACRUM. CEPHAIAO 40 TO ASIS. I CENTERED TO CR I SUSPEND I 70-80

I
SIDE OF INTEREST ELEVATED 25 TO 30
SI JOINTS OBLIQUE 2S TO 30 DEGREES. SACRIOIW\C JOINT FARTHEST
DEGREES FROM IR. I PERP 40 1" MEDIAL TO ELEVATED ASIS CENTERED TO CR I SUSPEND I 70-80

15 DEGREES
CEPHAIAD
FOR SACRUM
ANOlO

I
DEGREES

AP SACRUM/COCCYX I SACRUM ANO COCCYX I

CAUDAOFORI
COCCYS 40
2" SUPERIOR TO PUBIC
SYMPHYSIS I CENTERED TOCR I SUSPEND I 65-80
SACRUM 3.5" POSTERIOR TO
ASIS. COCCYX 3.5" POSTERIOR
I 65-80

SHOWN THROUGH HEART SltAOOW. FREE

nl'r.QHC OF VERTEBRAL COLUMN. I PERP I 30 I MIDSAGGITAL PLANE I CENTERED TO CR I FULL EXPIRATION I 60-70
 TOP OF IR 1.5"
AOOVE JUGUlAR
LATERAl STERNUM I STERNUM IN PROFILEg

,tSf'
PERP 72 CENTERED TO IR
I NOTCH
I FUlLJNSPIRATION
I G0-70

SIDE CLOSEST TO IR IS SIDE OF INTEREST. TOP 1.5" ABOVE

iNPiuPPER RIBS ? lSTTHROUGH 7TH RHIS SHOWN. PERP 40 CENTERED TO IR
I
SHOULDERS I FULL INSPIRATION
I 60-70

SIDE CLOSE!iST TO IR IS SIDE OF INTEREST. [!QTTOM AT ILIAC

AP/PA LOWER RJBS '7 8TH THROUGH 12TH RlllS SHOWN. PERP 40 CENTERED TO IR I
CREST I FULL EXPIRATION
I 60-70
/ .M' IS SIDE OF INTEREST� TO IR. P_I\.
IS SIDE OF INTEREST F.I\RTHESUROM IR.
AXILLARY PORTION CLOSEST TO IR SEEN.
PA AXILLARY PORTION FARTHEST FROM IR TOP 1.5" ABOVE
AP/PA OBLIQUE UPPER RIBS., I SEEN PERP ,io CENTERED TO IR SHOULDERS
I FULL INSPIRATION
1 60-70

AP IS SIDE OF INTEREST C� TO IR.� BOTTOM ATILIAC

I I

300EGREES
CAUOAOFOR
POSTERIOR PORTION OF SKULL OML37
EQUDISTANT LATERAL BORDERS OF SKULL DE3GREES
TO LATERAL BORDERS OF FORAMEN CAUOADFOR TOP OF FILM TOP
AP TOWNES I MAGNUM. OML PERP TO IR. IOML 40 2.5" ABOVE GLABELLA OF HEAD
I SUSPEND I 70-80
PETROUS RIDGES BELOW MAXILLARY CENTERED TO CR
P A WATERS SINUSES. PERP 40 EXITS ACANTHION MMLPERP SUSPEND 70-80
l I
NOSE AND FOREHEAD ON IR. PETROUS 15 DEGREES CENTERED TO CR.
PA CALDWELL SINUSES RIDGES LOWER 3RD OF ORBITS. CAUOAD EXITS NASION OMLPERP. SUSPEND 70-80
40 I I
CENTERED TO CR
_

IPL PERP/MSP
SEllA TURCICA IN PROFILE. EAM ANDIOML.,..
LATERAlSKUll I SUPERIMPOSING MASTOID. l'lf!P 40 2" ABOVE EAM
\::.
SUSPEND
�\ vi ] 70·80

PETROUS RIDGES Fill ORBITS. EQUAL

DISTANCE FROM LATERAL BORDERS OF I I I I CEtHERED TO CR
 1/2 WAY BETWEEN EAM AND
LATERAL FACIAL FACIAL BONES IN PROFILE PERP 40 OUTER CANTHUS AT ZYGOMA I CENTERED TO CR I SUSPEND
I 80
NASAL lA TERAL 2 R/tF , NASAL BONES IN PROFILE PERP 40 1" DISTAL TO NASION I CENTERED TO CR I SUSPEND
I 50
1" POSTERIOR TO OUTER
SMV BILATERAL ZVGOMATlC ARCHES PERP 40 CANTHUS I CENTERED TO CR I SUSPEND
I 80

1 ZVGOMATIC ARCH FREE ANO IN PROFILE.

I 1 I
MSP 15 OEREES TOWARDS INJURED SIDE 1• POSTERIOR TO O UTER
I
TANGENTIAL I AND TOP OF HEAD 1S DEGREES AWAY. PERP 40 CANTHUS CENTERED TO CR SUSPEND 60
300EGREES
OML/37
DEGREES
I I I
(.

MODIFIED TOWNES BILATERAL ZVGOMATIC ARCHES IOML 40 I ATGLABELLA CENTERED TO CR SUSPEND

I 80

RHESE I OPTIC CANAL IN LOWER QUADRANT I PERP

300EGREES
I 40
I
1" POSTERIOR TO TEA AND 1"
SUPERIOR TO TEA l CENTERED TO CR I SUSPEND
I 80

CALOWELL ORBITS I PETROUS RIDGES BELOW OROITS

ORBITS, MAXILLAE, ZVGOMATIC ARCHES,
CAUOAO 40 EXIT NASION CENTERED TO CR SUSPEND 80

LATERAL SINUS ,I 4 SINUS GROUPS PERP

I 40
I CANTHUS I CENTERED TO CR I SUSPEND
I 75
SMV SPHENOID ANO ETHMOIO SINUSES
FRONTAL AND ANTERIOR ETHMOID •
PERP 40 3/4" ANTERIOR TO EAM CENTERED TO CR I SUSPEND
J 75

CAtoWELLPA I SINUSES
"
PERP I 40
I EXITNASION I CENTERED TO CR I SUSPEND
l 75
MAXILLARY SINUSES/PETROUS RIDGES
--

WATERS BELOW MAXILLARY SINUSES PERP 40 EXIT ACANTHlON CENTERED TO CR SUSPEND 75

OPEN MOUTH WATERS _1 SPENOIO SINUSES THROUGH MOUTH PERP 40 EXIT JUST BELOW ACANTHION CENTERED TO CR SUSPEND 75