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The Arduino Mega is an open-source development board that is developed by the

Arduino Company. It is based on the Microchip ATmega2560P by Atmel. The Atmega3560P is
an 8-bit microcontroller that comes with a built-in bootloader, which makes it very convenient
to flash the board with our code. Atmega 2560P based Arduino Mega pinout and
specifications are given in detail in this post.
Like all Arduino boards, we can program the software running on the board using a language
derived from C and C++. The easiest development environment is the Arduino IDE.

Arduino Mega Pinout

It consists of 54 digital input/output pins, where 16 pins are analog inputs, 14 are PWM pins,
and 6 hardware serial ports (UARTs). It has a crystal oscillator-16 MHz, a power jack, an ICSP
header, a USB-B port, and a RESET button.

Voltage Regulator-The voltage regulator help to convert the input voltage to 5V. The primary
use of a voltage regulator is to control the voltage level in the Arduino board. Even if there
are any changes in the input voltage of the regulator, the output voltage is constant and
steady.
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ATmega2560P: It is an 8-bit AVR RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computer) based

microcontroller that executes powerful instructions in a single clock cycle. This allows it to
effectively find a balance between power consumption and processing speed.
Crystal Oscillator- The Crystal oscillator has a frequency of 16MHz, which provides the clock
signal to the microcontroller. It provides the basic timing and control to the board.
RESET Button-It is used to Reset the board, recommended to press it each time we flash some
code to the board.

Arduino Mega Power Supply PINOUT:

There are three ways to power the Arduino Mega Board:

Barrel Jack – The Barrel jack, or 7-12V DC Power Jack can be used to power our Arduino board.
The barrel jack is usually connected to an adapter. The board can be powered by an adapter
that ranges between 5-20 volts but the manufacturer recommends keeping it between 7-12
volts.
Note: Above 12 volts, the board may overheat and voltage below 7 volts might not be
sufficient to power the board.
USB B-port-The USB Interface is used to plug-in the USB cable. This port can be used to power
the device from the 5V supply and allows us to connect the board to the computer. The
program is uploaded to the board serially from the computer through the USB cable.
Vin–It is the modulated DC supply voltage, which is used to regulate the IC’s used in the
connection. It is also called the primary voltage for IC’s present on the Arduino board. The Vcc
voltage value can be negative or positive to the GND pin.

I2C Pins on Arduino Mega pin diagram:

It is the two-wire serial communication protocol. It stands for Inter-Integrated Circuits. The
I2C uses two lines to send and receive data: a serial clock pin uses (SCL) and a serial data (SDA)
(SDA) pin.

 SCL-It stands for Serial Clock. It is defined as the line that transfers the clock data. It is
used to synchronize the shift of data between the two devices. The Serial Clock is
generated by the master device.
 SDA-It stands for Serial Data. It is defined as the line used by the slave and master to
send and receive data. That’s why it is called a data line, while SCL is called a clock line.
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SPI Pins on Arduino Mega pin diagram:

It stands for Serial Peripheral Interface. The PINs 50, 51, 52, and 53 are used as SPI pins. They
are used by the microcontrollers to communicate with one or more peripheral devices quickly.
There are three common lines to all the peripheral devices:
 SCK-It stands for Serial Clock. These are the clock pulses, that are used to synchronize
the transfer of data.
 MISO-It stands for Master Input/ Slave Output. This data line in the MISO pin is used
to send the data to the master.
 MOSI-It stands for Master Output/ Slave Input. This line is used for sending data to the
peripherals.
And one common line:

 SS-It stands for Slave Select. This line is used by the master. It acts as the enable line.
When a device’s Slave Select pin value is LOW, it can communicate with the master.
When it’s value HIGH, it ignores the master. This allows us to have multiple SPI
peripheral devices sharing the same MISO, MOSI, and CLK lines

Arduino UNO pinout- UART :

UART stands for Universal Asynchronous Receiver and Transmitter. It enables the Arduino to
communicate with serial devices. There are 4 UART in Arduino Mega:
 Pin 0 – RXD0, pin 1 – TXD0
 Pin 19 – RXD1, pin 18 – TXD1
 Pin 17 – RXD2, pin 16 – TXD2
 Pin 15 – RXD3, pin 14 – TXD3
This pin is used for serial UART communication with pc or other serial devices for purpose of
data sharing and logging. It is used with serial.Begin() function to set baud rate setting and
start communication with serial.Println() function to print an array of char on another device
output.

External Interrupts – The external interrupts can be formed by using 6-pins like interrupt 0(0),
interrupt 1(3), interrupt 2(21), interrupt 3(20), interrupt 4(19), interrupt 5(18). These pins can
be used to trigger an interrupt on a low value, a rising or falling edge, or a change in value.
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ICSP:

It stands for In-Circuit Serial Programming. We can use these pins to program the Arduino
board’s firmware. The firmware changes with the new functionalities are sent to the
microcontroller with the help of the ICSP header.
The ICSP header consists of 6 pins.

Arduino Mega Pinout – Analog IN:

The Arduino Mega consists of 16 analog pins, which uses ADC (Analog to Digital converter).
These pins can serve as analog inputs but can also function as digital inputs or digital outputs.
These pins accept inputs in the form of Analog signals and return values that range between
0 and 1023 (that’s because the Arduino Mega has a 10-bit Analog to Digital converter or
210 resolution).
An Analog to digital converter works in three stages: sampling, quantization, and digitization.
Because the Arduino operates on a 0–5 volts range the step size of the device is
5/1023=0.00488volts or 4.88mV.
Thus, we can interpret a 4.88 mV input as 1, 9.77 mV as 2, and so on until 5 V = 1023. Anything
below 4.88 mV is considered 0 and above 4.99 V as 1023.

Arduino Mega Pinout – Digital Pins:

On the board, pins 0 to 53 are digital input/output pins.

The Arduino digital pins can read only two states: when there is a voltage signal and when
there is no signal. This kind of input is usually called digital (or binary) and these states are
referred to as HIGH and LOW or 1 and 0.

LED (13): In the board, there is a built-in LED connected to digital pin 13. When this pin is HIGH
or 1, the LED is switched on, when the pin is LOW or 0, it’s switched off.
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PWM pins of Arduino Mega:

There are 15 pins from the set of digital pins that are PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) pins.
Starting from digital pin 2 to digital pin 13 and pin 44, 45, and 46 are PWM pins. Every one of
these digital pins can generate a Pulse Width Modulation signal of 23-bit resolution. We can
generate the PWM signal using the analogWrite() function.

Other pins:
GND (Ground pins): There are 7 ground pins available on the board.
RESET – resets the Arduino board.
I/O Reference Voltage (IOREF) – This pin is the input/output reference. It provides the voltage
reference at which the microcontroller is currently operating. Sending a signal to this pin does
nothing.
AREF: AREF means Analogue Reference. It is the reference voltage against which all
other analog voltages (analog inputs) are measured.
3.3V and 5V: These pins provide regulated 5V and 3.3V respectively to the external
components connected to the board.

Specifications:

Microcontroller ATmega2560

Operating Voltage 5V

Power supply 7 V – 12 V

Current consumption 50 mA – 200 mA

Current consumption Deep Sleep 500 µA

Digital I/O Pins 54

Digital I/O Pins with PWM 15

Analog Input Pins 16

DC Current per I/O Pin 40 mA

DC Current for 3.3V Pin 50 mA

Flash Memory 256 KB

SRAM 8 KB
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EEPROM 4096 bytes

Clock Speed 16 MHz

Length 102 mm

Width 53 mm

Power jack yes

USB connection yes

Arduino Mega 2560 Project List

 Arduino Star-Finder Telescopes

 TerraDome: Mini Tropical Greenhouse with Arduino
 Restro Arcade Clock
 IoT Split-flap Weather Forecast Powered by XOD
 Simulated Sports Scoreboard
 Spaceship Control Panel – Laser Cut Arduino Toy
 UCL- Embedded – Arduino Door Lock
 Low Cost Bioprinter
 Home Presence Simulator and Security Control Device