Application Notes
Track Protection for DC Rapid
Introduction
Many electrified rapid transit systems
are operational, or under
construction, worldwide. Urban and
regional systems commonly employ
medium voltage direct current
feeding. The ultimate method of
power distribution to the train or tram
can be via a live rail (or live rails), or
an overhead catenary.
The live rails or catenary are
vulnerable to short circuit faults,
therefore a suitable protection scheme
must be applied to ensure rapid fault
clearance. Well proven techniques
include undervoltage, and overcurrent
protection, or a scheme combination
of the two. These application notes
describe the use of undervoltage
relays as the main dc system
protection.
DC system configuration
A typical system is shown in Figure 1.
An ac supply is transformed and
rectified to provide the correct dc
traction voltage, for connection to the
substation positive and negative
busbars. Track feeders provide an
output connection to the live rails or
catenary, through track feeder circuit
breakers. The track feeder circuit
breaker at each end of a faulted
section must operate to isolate the
fault.
Common distribution methods include:
Positive feed connection to the train
(or tram) via an overhead catenary,
with negative return through one or
both running rails.
Positive feeding to the train via
a live rail, with negative return
2
Transit Systems Using MVAG and
MVUA Undervoltage Relays
through one or both running rails.
(Referred to as Third Rail
Electrification).
Feeding to the train via a positive live
rail, with current return along a
negative live rail. (Referred to as
Fourth Rail Electrification).
Note that current paralleling between
positive and negative paths, to a load
or fault, must be considered, this
includes pairs or running rails.
Similarly, Figure 1 shows only a
single track configuration.
In practice, transit systems are
generally multiple track, increasing
the number of parallel feeding paths,
and reducing the effective feeding
impedance.
DC
Busbar
Train Load
Key: RA
RC
Figure 1: Typical dc transit system feeding arrangement.
Single end fed track section –
overcurrent protection
Track feeder circuit breakers generally
incorporate an overcurrent trip, fitted
by the switchgear manufacturer.
This is usually an electromagnetically
operated release, with a high set
threshold above the maximum load
and starting current for the feeder.
Due to the relatively low system
voltage, load currents will be high.
Also, the loop resistance of the
positive and negative rails or catenary
will greatly limit fault current
magnitude. In most instances, load
current can exceed the fault current
for distant faults. Thus, overcurrent
3 phase HV
distribution
system
RA
Rectifier
transformer
Rectifier
RC
Track Extent of
Feeders track
protection
Live rail
Running rail return
Rectifier anode breaker (HV)
Rectifier cathode breaker (DC)
Traction current
Contact shoe
protection alone is only suitable for
very short track lengths.
The overcurrent trip is normally set to
allow two trains to start simultaneously
in the same track section. Typically on
a 750V system, a 4 car train may
draw 2500A peak starting current.
The circuit breaker overcurrent trip
would be set to operate at
approximately 6kA.
Single end fed track section –
undervoltage protection
The addition of an undervoltage relay
allows discrimination between load
and distant faults. Figure 2 shows an
undervoltage relay connected at the
remote track end of a single end fed
section.
Maximum fault current
The maximum current which would
flow for a short circuit at any point
along the section, is given by:
VS
ISC =
RS + RLF
Substituting:
r1 r2
RLF = LF ( + ) = LFρ
n1 n2
Where:
VS = DC source voltage (V)
RS = Source impedance (Ω)
LF = Distance from supply
substation to fault (km)
r1 = Positive feeding circuit
resistance, in ohms per
kilometre of the catenary or
conductor rail
n1 = Number of parallel conductors
in the positive feeding path
r2 = Resistance of a single rail in
the negative return, in ohms
Train on-board undervoltage trip Track end undervoltage relay setting
Note that an undervoltage trip The track end undervoltage relay can
mechanism is generally fitted on- be set to discriminate between trains
board trains. Typically, this is set at starting, and short circuit faults,
60% of the supply voltage. irrespective of the location of either
The maximum current that can be along the section. The former must
drawn by a train at any location correspond to a restrain condition,
along the track section, without and the latter cause the relay to
causing operation of the on-board operate, and trip the circuit breaker.
undervoltage trip, is given by: To allow for relay and system
impedance tolerances, the track end
VS(1.0 – 0.6) undervoltage relay must be set no
ISmax =
RS + RLT greater than 85% of the train
Where: undervoltage trip setting.
ISmax = Maximum train current, For the track end undervoltage relay
generally for starting to operate, the minimum current which
must flow for a fault at any point on
RLT = Loop resistance from
the track is given by:
substation to the train
VS – VUV
IUVmin =
RS + RLF
Where:
VUV = Track end undervoltage relay
drop-off setting
Figure 2 shows how a track end
undervoltage relay setting of 50% of
the supply voltage gives adequate
discrimination on a typical system.
The graph uses the following typical
values for a Third Rail electrified
system:
VS = 750V
RS = 0.02
RLF/LF = 0.08Ω/km
Source
km
Fault
Undervoltage
V relay
100
10
Current (kA)

per kilometre
n2 = Number of traction current 1
return rails
ρ = Effective section loop resistivity 0.1
0.5

1.5

2.5

3.5

4.5

5
0

(Ω/km)
RLF = Loop resistance from Location (km)

substation to fault point ISC Prospective short circuit current. Curves plotted for: VS = 750V
Note how the circuit breaker RS = 0.02Ω
IS max Maximum train current at location.
= 0.08Ω/km
overcurrent trip can only operate for
IUV min Minimum fault current for track end VUV = 50% Vs
faults close to the substation, a reach relay operation.
coverage of only 1.3km is determined
from Figure 2 in our example. Figure 2: Schematic diagram and current curves for a typical single end fed track section.

3
Double end fed track sections
with track end relays
Observing Figure 2, it can be noted
how the prospective short circuit
current decreases dramatically with
the distance from the feeding
substation. As the maximum load
current can never exceed this figure,
it is obvious that single end feeding is
only suitable for short track sections.
In practice, double end feeding is
common, and the protection of these
systems will now be considered.
When track sections are fed from
each end, an undervoltage relay is
required at each track end.
A common two wire pilot circuit
connects each relay to intertrip both
track feeder breakers. Because of the
low source impedance, when both
circuit breakers are initially closed,
only faults occuring very close to the
substations will cause either
undervoltage relay to drop out.
The maximum fault reach coverage
from either end is given by:
(RS • VUV)
LFmax < ρ (km)
(VS – VUV)
Where undervoltage relays are fitted
at track ends only, it is essential that
the circuit breaker overcurrent trip is
set to cover more than 50% of the
track section. Thus for any fault, the
sequence of events will be as follows:
Fault inception
The circuit breaker overcurrent trip
operates to trip the circuit breaker
which is closest to the fault.
The fault becomes single end fed, and
the undervoltage relay at the tripped
line end operates to intertrip the other
line end, via the pilot circuit. The track
section is now isolated.
The maximum track section length
which can be adequately protected
by the track end relay arrangement,
is given by:
(VS – VF)
LFmax = 2 – RS ρ (km)
IOC
Where:
VF = Maximum expected voltage
across a fault or arc
resistance, in volts.
IOC = Circuit breaker overcurrent
trip setting (A)
4
Note that the fault short-circuit path Double end fed track sections
will usually comprise of a certain with additional mid-point
amount of fault resistance, plus current undervoltage relays
transfer through an arc. Insulator
flashover can be approximated as a Simple calculation neglecting fault arc
resistance (due to the conducting voltage
surface contaminants on the insulator),
Where a track section is too long to
plus the arcing voltage. In practice, it
be protected by a track end relay
is easier to represent the fault only as
scheme, a mid-point undervoltage
a single voltage drop. Although there
relay can be connected as shown in
is no exact method for calculating this
Figure 3. This relay detects the
voltage drop, a modified form of the
voltage dip caused by a fault near the
Van Warrington formula should give
centre of the section, and trips both
a reasonable estimate.
circuit breakers feeding the track
LARC x 29 section.
VF =
I0.4 The simplest method of ascertaining
Where: the effectiveness of a mid-point
LARC = Maximum arc length for fault undervoltage relay, is as follows:
coverage (mm) Determine the current drawn from
I = Minimum expected fault each source due to a short circuit at
current (A) any point along the line. For source A
(ISCA), this is a similar equation as in
Choosing LARC greater than the length
the train on-board undervoltage
of the insulators used is the ideal
section. If the source impedances are
solution; it should be considered that
similar, the short circuit current curve
in many systems the ‘dead’ side of
for track end B (ISCB ) will be the
insulators are not bonded solidly to
mirror image. Curves for a typical
earth. For third rail systems, insulator
5km long section are shown in Figure
flashover is unlikely if the sleepers on
3; also shown is the total short circuit
which they stand are dry.
current at the fault point, ISC.
A typical figure for VF of 100 volts
will be used in these notes. This is
based on 1kA fault current and 50mm
arc length allowance.
Source A Source B
km
Fault
Mid-point
V undervoltage relay
100
Current (kA)
10
1
0.5
1.5
2.5
3.5
4.5
5
0
Location (km)
ISCA Short circuit current drawn from source A. Curves plotted for: VS = 750V
RS = 0.02Ω
ISCB Short circuit current drawn from source B.
= 0.08Ω/km
ISC Total short circuit current. VF = 0
Figure 3: Schematic diagram and fault current curves for double end fed track section.
(Simplified – neglecting fault arc voltage).
Perform a simple Ohm’s Law Source A Source B
calculation to determine the track
voltage measured at the mid-point
relay. For a short circuit beyond the km
mid-point, the voltage measured by Fault
Mid-point
the mid-point relay (VMP) will be: V undervoltage relay
L
VMP = ISCA LFA – ρ
2
800
Where: 700
600

Relay voltage (V)

L = Track section length (km)
500
LFA = Disturbance of fault from A 400
300
Note that L/2 is the location of the
200
mid-point relay, thus the bracketed 100
part of the calculation is the distance 0

0.5

1.5

2.5

3.5

4.5

5
to the fault from the mid-point.
Location (km)
For a short circuit closer to track end
A than end B: VA Voltage at track end A. Curves plotted for: VS = 750V
RS = 0.02Ω
VB Voltage at track end B.
L = 0.08Ω/km
VMP = ISCB – LFA ρ
2 VMP Voltage at mid-point. VUF = 50% VS
VF = 0
Figure 4 plots the voltages which VUV Undervoltage relay setting
would be measured at the mid-point,
and track ends, for a typical 5km long Figure 4: Schematic diagram and voltages at relaying points for a short circuit fault at
section. The mid-point undervoltage different points along a track section. (Fault arc voltage neglected).
relay provides short circuit fault
protection where VMP would fall
below the VUV drop-out setting. Source A Source B

Mid-point relay practical application

km
The mid-point relay must be set to
cater for a certain amount of arc Fault
V
voltage as described in double end
fed track sections with track end
relays. Arc voltage reduces the short
100
circuit current, and reduces the
magnitude of track voltage depression
Current (kA)

during faults, in effect desensitising

the protection. The zones of protection 10
coverage now become:
Circuit breaker overcurrent trip.
The source voltage driving fault 1
0.5

1.5

2.5

3.5

4.5

5
0

current to the fault point is VS, and the

Location (km)
arc voltage at the fault point is taken
as VF , therefore the effective driving ISCA Short circuit current drawn Curves plotted for: VS = 750V
from source A. RS = 0.02Ω
voltage is VS minus VF. As an
ISCB Short circuit current drawn = 0.08Ω/km
example, the short circuit current VF = 100V
from source B
drawn from source A is:
ISC Total short circuit current.
V – VF
ISCA = S
RS + RLFA
Figure 5: Schematic diagram and fault current curves for double end fed track section.
Figure 5 shows fault current curves for (Allowing for 100V fault arc voltage).
the typical 750V system, with 100V
of fault arc voltage. As can be seen,
a circuit breaker overcurrent trip set to
6kA will protect up to 1.1km from the
substation.

5
Mid-point undervoltage relay.
Source A Source B
The mid-point voltage calculation is as
below. Thus, for a short circuit beyond
the midpoint: km
L
VMP = VF + ISCA LFA – ρ (V) Fault
Mid-point
2 V undervoltage relay
As can be seen from Figure 6, the
mid-point undervoltage relay provides
800
short circuit protection for fault 700
inception between 0.5km and 4.5km 600

Relay voltage (V)

along the line. Thus, in the example, 500
any fault along the line will cause 400
either the mid-point undervoltage 300
200
relay, or one overcurrent trip to
100
operate. 0

0.5

1.5

2.5

3.5

4.5

5
At first look it would appear that track
end undervoltage relays are Location (km)

unnecessary if each overcurrent trip

VA Voltage at track end A. Curves plotted for: VS = 750V
were set to intertrip the circuit
RS = 0.02Ω
breakers at each end. However, this VB Voltage at track end B.
= 0.08Ω/km
is not the case. Suppose that a track VMP Voltage at mid-point. VUV = 50% VS
feeder circuit breaker at substation B VF = 100V
VUV Undervoltage relay setting
is left open for maintenance reasons,
with the track still energised from
substation A. The mid-point Figure 6: Schematic diagram and voltages at relaying points for a short circuit fault at
differing points along a track section. (Allowing for 100V fault arc voltage).
undervoltage relay will not operate for
faults closer than 0.5km to substation
B. A track end undervoltage relay
must be installed to operate in such
circumstances.
Source A Source B

Long double end fed track

sections
QP MP QP
Further undervoltage relays will be
required where track sections are V V V V V
exceptionally long, ie. greater than:
(VS – VF)
Lmax = 4 – RS ρ (km)
IOC 400
VFA VFQP VFMP VFQP VFB
Maximum fault arc voltage, VF (V)

Where: 350
300
IOC = Circuit breaker overcurrent
trip setting. 250
200
In this instance, two quarter point
150
undervoltage relays may be added to
complete adequate protection of the 100
track section. These relays are located 50
at points 25% and 75% along the 0
0.5

1.5

2.5

3.5

4.5

5
0

track section. Voltages measured at

the quarter point relays can be plotted Location (km)
as in the Mid-point relay practical VFA Maximum fault arc voltage detected Curves plotted for: VS = 750V
application section, substituting by relay at track end A. RS = 0.02Ω
locations (L/4) and (3L/4) as VFB Maximum fault arc voltage detected = 0.08Ω/km
applicable. by track end relay ‘B’ operation. VUV = 50% Vs

VQP Quarter point relay operation.

VMP Mid-point relay operation.

Figure 7: Sensitivity of undervoltage relays to high resistance and arcing faults.

6
Sensitivity and fault coverage substation will detect the voltage dip.
To avoid spurious tripping of healthy
Sensitivity for resistive and arcing track sections, track end relays should
faults be time delayed in operation.
Figure 7 shows the typical sensitivity The time delay allows the appropriate
of undervoltage relays at section circuit breaker to be tripped by its
ends, quarter points, and mid-point. overcurrent trip. Typical circuit
The parameters for our typical Third breaker trip times for overcurrent are
Rail system are again used (the around 0.45 to 0.6s, with a delay
quarter point relay curves are shown setting of one second for track end
dotted, as the Mid-point relay undervoltage relays common.
practical application section showed For faults remote from a substation,
these relays to be unnecessary). the undervoltage relays will
The following is evident from the discriminate correctly because track
graph: section impedances are high
The mid-point of the section is the compared with the source impedance.
optimum location in terms of sensitivity
to most arcing or resistive faults. Typical pilot wire protection
Should a mid-point relay offer scheme
insufficient fault coverage, and
additional quarter point relays Figure 8 shows a typical pilot wire
provide much greater arcing fault protection scheme for a dc rapid
sensitivity than is required, relays at transit system. The operating criteria
33% and 67% of the section may be are as follows:
adequate. Drop out of any undervoltage relay
Track end voltage relays are must lead to circuit breaker operation
insensitive to almost all faults until one at both ends of the faulted section.
circuit breaker operates. Undervoltage tripping must be time
delayed to avoid nuisance trips when
Discrimination faults are close to substations.
When a short circuit occurs close to a If a substation is bypassed, eg. during
substation, the undervoltage relays maintenance, the protection zones at
connected to all track feeders at the
Live rail or catenary BA BC
B/RC
27 27 27 27
BA Source BC MP CB
Return rail(s)
Substation A Substation B
85
BC
27BC 27MP
Pilot circuit
Pilot Pilot
Trip supply wires wires
27 Track end undervoltage relay.
— —
62 27 Mid-point undervoltage relay.
BC MP
BC 85BC
RC Rectifier cathode breaker.
BC Track feeder circuit breaker at
Trip substation ‘B’ feeding to
BC substation ‘C’.
Figure 8: Typical pilot wire protection scheme.
adjacent substations must be
extended.
This shall ensure that a faulted section
will be completely isolated from all
sources of supply.
Note: It is recommended that pilot
circuits are supplied from an insulated
battery, separate from other
substation batteries. Each pilot loop
must be well screened to minimise
induction from neighbouring dc and
ac conductors.
Descriptions of scheme operation,
for various scenarios, now follow.
Track section energisation
Assuming that the track section from
substation B to C is dead. Thus, track
feeder circuit breakers BC and CB,
and bypass switch CB/CD are all
initially open. The section is to be
energised on closure of breaker BC,
then closure of breaker CB.
As breaker BC is closed, its auxiliary
contact energises timer 62BC, which
starts timing. The track voltage causes
all undervoltage relays protecting the
track section to pick up, completing
the pilot circuit (auxiliary contact
CB/CD is closed when the bypass
switch is open). Pilot wire relay 85BC
picks up, and de-energises timer
62BC.
CB/CD
CB CD
C/RC
27
Source CD
Substation C Substation D
85
CB
27CB 85
CD
CB/CD
85 Pilot wire relay.
62 Timer with time delay on pick-up.
Fuse.
Resistor
7
The timer immediately resets, and no
circuit breaker tripping occurs.
Track feeder breaker CB can be
closed in similar fashion.
Short circuit of the track section
Suppose that a short circuit occurs on
section B to C, causing one or more
of the undervoltage relays to drop out.
The pilot circuit is broken, and pilot
wire relays 85BC and 85CB drop out.
As the auxiliary contacts for track
feeder breakers BC and CB are
closed, timers 62BC and 62CB begin
to time out. After the preset delay,
both track feeder breakers BC and CB
trip.
Relays required for the protection scheme
The relays required are as follows:
Track end undervoltage relays (27)
incorporating a pilot wire auxiliary
relay element (85): MVAG12
Time delay on pick-up relay (62): MVUA11
Mid-point and quarter point
undervoltage relays (27MP, 27QP): MVAG11
Technical data
The circuit diagrams of the MVAG11, MVAG12 and MVUA11 relays are
shown as Figures 9, 10 and 11 respectively.

Closing on to a fault Ratings

The sequence of events is as for Track Track voltage (off load) 600, 650, 700, 750, 1500V dc with
section energisation, except that one external resistor.
or more undervoltage relays will not Auxiliary voltage 125V dc
pick up. The pilot wire relays will
Pilot voltage 40V or 125V dc
remain de-energised, and timer 62BC
Other ratings will be considered.
times out. Track feeder breaker BC
thus trips momentarily after its closure. Standard undervoltage setting 50% of track voltage.
Drop-off/Pick-up ratio Typically 85%.
Zone extension beyond bypassed Range of time delay settings
substations on MVUA11 0.2s to 2.00s
Suppose that bypass switch CB/CD is
closed to allow isolation of substation Burdens
C for maintenance. Closure of the Undervoltage element 0.62W at rated voltage.
bypass switch opens the auxiliary
Pilot circuit 6W for two pilot wire elements in
contact CB/CD. Note that an output
series in the pilot loop.
contact of pilot wire relay 85CD must
remain closed to complete the pilot Maximum pilot loop resistance 400Ω for 40V pilot circuit,
circuit from substations B to C. If the 2kΩ for 125V pilot circuit.
track section from C to D is initially
energised and unfaulted, this contact Contacts
will remain closed. MVAG11 Two sets make contacts, self reset.
Should a fault occur beyond MVAG12 One set make contacts, plus one set of
substation C, pilot wire relay 85CD break contacts on pilot wire element.
will drop out, thus interrupting the All contacts self reset.
pilot circuit from B to C. Track feeder
circuit breaker BC will trip following MVUA11 One set make contacts, one set break
the timer delay. In this way, protection contacts, self reset.
zones can be extended to match the
feeding arrangement. Contact ratings Make and carry Break
continuously:
This simple scheme requires that both
adjacent track sections are energised ac 1250VA with 1250VA with
before the bypass switch can be maxima of maxima of
closed. If the bypass switch is to be 5A and 660V. 5A and 660V.
used to energise a follow-on section dc 1250W with 100W (resistive)
from one end, a slightly more complex maxima of 50W (inductive)
wired logic arrangement will be 5A and 660V. with maxima of
required. 5A and 660V.

8
Operation indicator A hand reset indicator, which shows
that an undervoltage condition has
persisted for long enough to operate
the time delay circuit, is fitted to the
MVUA11.

Insulation withstand 5.4kV rms for 1 minute between

undervoltage relay terminals and all
other terminals connected to
case earth.
2kV for 1 minute between all
terminals and case earth and between
circuits not normally connected
together.
1kV for 1 minute between open
contacts.

Voltage withstand
Insulation IEC 255-5 2kV rms for 1 minute between all case
terminals connected together and the
case earth terminal.
2kV rms for 1 minute between
independent circuits including
contact circuits.

High voltage impulse

IEC255-5 5kV peak, 1.2/50s, 0.5J between all
terminals and case earth and between
adjacent terminals.

High frequency disturbance

IEC 255-22-11 1MHz burst decaying to 50% peak
value after 3 to 6 cycles, repetition
rate: 400 per second, 2.5kV peak
between independent circuits, 2.5kV
between circuits and case earth.

Environmental withstand
Temperature Storage and transit: –25°C to +70°C.
IEC 68-2-1/IEC 68-2-2 Operating: –25°C to +55°C.
Humidity
IEC 68-2-3 56 days at 93% RH and +40°C.
Enclosure protection
IEC529 IP50 dust protected.
Vibration
IEC 255-21-1 0.5g between 10Hz and 300Hz.

Mechanical durability
Loaded contact 10,000 operations minimum.
Unloaded contact 100,000 operations minimum.

9
 Case Earth Output contacts
3 5 4 6
3 4 RL1–1 RL1–2
5 6
7 8
9 10 25
Vn– RL1
11 12
Track voltage
RL1–A R1
26
Vn+
Rext
25 26
Break contacts MVAG 11 Relay

Make contacts Note: RL1–A contact is merely an internal connection which

Module terminal block improves the pick-up/drop-off ratio of the relay.
viewed from rear Rext External resistor

Figure 9: Circuit diagram for MVAG 11 instantaneous undervoltage relay with 5kV insulation dc.

Output contact (track voltage healthy)

3 5

RL1–1
Case Earth

3 4 25
Vn– RL1
5 6
MVAG 12
7 8 Track voltage RL2–A Undervoltage element (27)
9 10 26
Vn+
Rext
13 14
13

RL1–A MVAG 12
Pilot circuit
Pilot wire element (85)
14
RL2
25 26
Break contacts

Module terminal block Make contacts 7 RL2–1 9

viewed from rear
Rext External resistor Output contact (open circuit pilot loop)

Note: RL2–A contact is merely an internal connection which improves

the pick-up/drop-off ratio of the undervoltage element.

Figure 10: Circuit diagram for MVAG 12 instantaneous undervoltage relay with 5kV insulation dc.

Case Earth Viewed from front Combinations of Output contacts to

1 2 output contacts module terminals
2 1
1 3 5 7 9 11 2 4 6 8 10 12
3 4 4 3
6M – M M M M M M M
5 6 6 5
5M – 18 M M M B M M
7 8 8 7
10 9 4M – 28 B M M B M M
9 10 Vx
12 11 3M - 30 B M M B B M
11 12 2M – 48 B B M B B M
RL1
13 14 6 1M – 58 B B M B B B

Initiating Contact descriptions:

contact M : Make
21 5 6
1 B : Break
RL1–1
21 22 13 14
3 2
ZJ0246
01ZJ0246 Key: Vx auxiliary supply
27 28
Notes:
1. a) Short terminals breaks before (b).
Module terminal block
viewed from rear b) Long terminal
2. Alternate connection of initiating contact to terminal 13 operates
output relay for a pulse of fixed duration.

Figure 11: Circuit diagram for MVAG 11 time delay relay with operation delayed on pick-up.

10
Case dimensions
13
MVAG11 and MVUA11 relays are
45
housed in size 2 cases, MVAG12 4 holes 4.4
24
relays are housed in size 3 cases.
The dimensions for these cases are
shown in Figures 12 and 13. All dimensions in mm.
168 159
Information required with order

Off load track voltage.

Push button
projection 10 max. 48
Auxiliary dc trip battery voltage.
Pilot circuit voltage. Panel cut-out:
Flush mounting fixing details.

32 212
25 min.

177 157 max.

Reset
51
Flush mounting.

Figure 12: Case outline size 2.

71 26
4 holes Ø4.4
23.5

All dimensions in mm.

168 159

Push button
projection 10 max. 73

Panel cut-out:
Flush mounting fixing details.
212
32 25 min.

177 157 max.

Reset

77 Flush mounting 11

Figure 13: Case outline size 3.

11