Oracle 12C Installation: On Centos 7.3 Linux

ABSTRACT
Step by Step Installation

instructions for Oracle
12c Database install on
Linux Centos 7.3
ORACLE 12C A. S. Bluck

Installation Notes on
VMware 12
INSTALLATION
On Centos 7.3 Linux
Page 1 of 46 Installation of Oracle 12c R1 on Linux Centos 7.3 A. S. Bluck
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© ASB Software Development Limited 24 March, 2019
Contents
Software Requirements...................................................................................................................6
Install Steps......................................................................................................................................7
Final setup......................................................................................................................................30
ORACLE POST INSTALLATION STEPS...............................................................................................31
Installation screens........................................................................................................................33
Cleanup..........................................................................................................................................41
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Installation of Oracle 12C on the Linux operating system
Download from Oracles Developer site
https://www.oracle.com/technetwork/database/enterprise-edition/downloads/database12c-linux-
download-2240591.html
(NB You have to click on the License acceptance Radio Button first!)
After this it will show the line:

Thank you for accepting the OTN License Agreement; you may now download this software.
Download and unzip both files to the same directory.
REF
https://docs.oracle.com/en/database/oracle/oracle-database/12.2/admqs/installing-oracle-database-creating-
database.html#GUID-B30C4CAE-CC53-4285-8D6C-C50A8E3B497E
Checking Oracle Database Installation Prerequisites

Before installing the software, Oracle Universal Installer (OUI) performs several automated
checks to ensure that your computer fulfills the basic hardware and software requirements for
an Oracle Database installation. If your computer does not meet a requirement, then an error
message is displayed.
The requirements may vary depending upon the type of computer and operating system you
are using, but some prerequisites include:
 There is a minimum of 1 GB of physical memory.
 Sufficient paging space is available.
 The appropriate service packs or patches for your operating system are installed.
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 An appropriate file system format is being used.
cd /opt/IBM/Installs
mkdir Oracle
cd Oracle
Copy the two downloaded .zip files to the Linux Vmware directory created above
cp /mnt/hgfs/Linux/9_Oracle12C/*.* .
Unzip the two install files into this directory delete the .zips to save
space and then run the Oracle Database system installer as a new oracle
user.
Increase /tmp size methods (required for Oracle 12c installation)
Re: change size of " / " or change mount of /tmp
Providing your /tmp is shared memory (/dev/shm) and not an actual mount
point, another way to increase your /tmp is by supplying the size value in
fstab.
As an example:
none /tmp tmpfs size=3G 0 0
OR
tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs size=3G 0 0 <--- This was my setup

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Which ever method you use would give you a 3 gig tmp files system.
If you are using /tmp as a separate partition, you will have to resize
that partition.
=======================================================
ORACLE Hardware Requirements
To check out your recommended hardware requirements, login to the CentOS

7.3 Linux Server box as the root user and verify the below list:
How much memory:
$ grep -i memtotal /proc/meminfo
results: should be at least 1GB
How much swap:
$ grep -i swaptotal /proc/meminfo
results:
- should be 1.5 the size of memtotal if memtotal < 2GB

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- should be equal to memtotal if memtotal is between 2GB and 8GB
- should be .75 the size of memtotal if memtotal > 8GB
What processor type:
$ grep "model name" /proc/cpuinfo
results: informational
How much available RAM and swap:
$ free
How much shared memory available:
$ df -k /dev/shm
purpose: The shared memory should be sized to be at least the

greater of MEMORY_MAX_TARGET and MEMORY_TARGET for each Oracle instance on
the computer.
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How much disk space in /tmp:
$ df -k /tmp
results: should have at least 400MB available
How much disk space for Oracle binaries:
$ df -k
results: Depending on installation type you should have between

1.5GB and 3.5GB
Software Requirements
To check out your recommended software requirements, login to the CentOS
7.3 Linux Server box as the root user and verify the below list:
What distribution and version of Linux is installed:
$ cat /proc/version
What version of the kernel is installed:
$ uname -r
results:
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Install Steps
Login in as root user
Create Oracle's user and groups
Create groups oinstall & dba:
$ sudo groupadd oinstall
$ sudo groupadd dba
Create the oracle user and set its password:
$ sudo useradd -m -g oinstall -G dba -s /bin/bash oracle
$ sudo passwd oracle
Check if nobody user exists, this user is almost always created on a base
CentOS installation:
$ id nobody
uid=99(nobody) gid=99(nobody) groups=99(nobody)
if this user doesn't exists then use the following command to create it:
$ sudo useradd nobody
Configure some kernel parameters. The following kernel parameters must

be validated and possibly changed. Use the commands given below to view a
particular kernel setting and then change it if the setting is lower than
the recommendation given here.
Verify kernel parameters:

# semaphores: semmsl, semmns, semopm, semmni
$ sysctl -a | grep kernel.sem
results should be >= than:
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
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$ sysctl -a | grep kernel.shm
kernel.shmmax = 536870912
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.shmall = 2097152
$ sysctl -a | grep file-max
fs.file-max = 6815744
$ sysctl -a | grep ip_local_port_range
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
$ sysctl -a | grep rmem_default
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
$ sysctl -a | grep rmem_max

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net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
$ sysctl -a | grep wmem_default
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
$ sysctl -a | grep wmem_max
net.core.wmem_max = 1048576
$ sysctl -a | grep aio-max-nr
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
Changes to be made are as follows:

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kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
fs.file-max = 6815744 (was 1209825)
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500 (was 32768 60999)
net.core.rmem_default = 262144 (was 212992)
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304 (was 212992)
net.core.wmem_default = 262144 (was 212992)
net.core.wmem_max = 1048576 (was 212992)
REF:
https://docs.oracle.com/en/database/oracle/oracle-
database/12.2/cwlin/changing-kernel-parameter-values.html#GUID-FB0CC366-
61C9-4AA2-9BE7-233EB6810A31
If you used the Oracle Preinstallation RPM to complete you preinstallation configuration
tasks, then the Oracle Preinstallation RPM sets these kernel parameters for you. However,
if you did not use the Oracle Preinstallation RPM or the kernel parameters are different from the
minimum recommended value, then to change these kernel parameter values:
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1. Using any text editor, create or edit the /etc/sysctl.d/97-oracle-

database-sysctl.conf file, and add or edit lines similar to:
2. fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
3. fs.file-max = 6815744
4. kernel.shmall = 2097152
5. kernel.shmmax = 4294967295
6. kernel.shmmni = 4096
7. kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
8. net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
9. net.core.rmem_default = 262144
10. net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
11. net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048576
By specifying the values in the /etc/sysctl.d/97-oracle-database-

sysctl.conf file, the values persist on system restarts.
12. To change the current values of the kernel parameters:
# /sbin/sysctl --system
Review the output. If the values are incorrect, edit the /etc/sysctl.d/97-

oracle-database-sysctl.conf file, then enter this command again.
13. Confirm that the values are set correctly:
# /sbin/sysctl -a
14. Restart the computer, or run sysctl --system to make the changes in

the /etc/sysctl.d/97-oracle-database-sysctl.conf file available in
the active kernel memory.
Guidelines for Setting Kernel Parameter Values

 If you used the Oracle Preinstallation RPM, then your kernel parameter settings reside in
the /etc/sysctl.d/99-oracle-database-server-12cR2-
preinstall-sysctl.conf file.
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 Include lines only for the kernel parameter values to change. For the semaphore
parameters (kernel.sem), you must specify all four values. If any of the current values
are larger than the minimum value, then specify the larger value.
 The /etc/sysctl.conf file has been deprecated.
 Avoid setting kernel parameter values in multiple files under /etc/sysctl.d/. The

file with a lexically later name under /etc/sysctl.d/ takes precedence, followed
by /etc/sysctl.conf. Oracle recommends that you use the Oracle
Preinstallation RPM which, among other preinstallation tasks, also sets the kernel
parameter values for your database installation.
See Also:
sysctl.conf(5) and sysctl.d(5) man pages for more information
Apply the changes now:
$sysctl -p
Setting shell limits for the oracle user
Edit the file /etc/security/limits.conf:
$ sudo vi /etc/security/limits.conf
and add the following:
oracle soft nproc 2047
oracle hard nproc 16384
oracle soft nofile 1024
oracle hard nofile 65536
Edit /etc/pam.d/login:
$ sudo vi /etc/pam.d/login
and add the following depending on the architecture:
session required /lib64/security/pam_limits.so

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session required pam_limits.so
NOTE: be aware of the real location of pam_limits.so. It depends

on the architecture and distro. On CentOS 7.3 64 bits
/lib64/security/pam_limits.so
Create a new profile archive at /etc/profile.d/custom.sh:
$ sudo vi /etc/profile.d/custom.sh
and add the following content:
#!/bin/bash
if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then
if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then
ulimit -p 16384
ulimit -n 65536
else
ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
fi
fi
then add execution permissions to profile script:
$ sudo chmod +x /etc/profile.d/custom.sh
Creating necessary directories to install the Oracle Software
Check if you have enough space on disk and choose a directory to

install:
$ df -kh
Create subdirectories and give permissions to the oracle user:
$ sudo mkdir -p /opt/app/oracle/product/12.1.0
$ sudo chown -R oracle:oinstall /opt/app

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$ sudo chmod -R 775 /opt/app
Logout, login as oracle user (don't forget ssh -Y oracle@SERVER) and

set the environment for the installation by adding the following to
~/.bash_profile: :
$ vi ~/.bash_profile
add the following line:
umask 022
export TMPDIR=$TMP
export ORACLE_BASE=/opt/app/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/12.1.0/db_1
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH
exit vi (Ctrl+X) and execute oracle's .bash_profile for testing

purposes:
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$ source ~/.bash_profile
logout from oracle user:
$ exit
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yum install compat-libcap1-1.10
yum install compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3
yum install libstdc++-devel
yum install gcc-c++-4.8.5
yum install ksh
yum install libaio-devel-0.3.109
rerun the runFix.sh script under /tmp/CVU_12.1.0.2.0

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Ensure oracle user is using an X Windows System. For example you can
install and execute xterm:
$ sudo yum install xterm
logout and login remotely again as oracle user from a Linux client
machine with Desktop environment:
$ ssh -Y oracle@SERVER
test if xterm works you should be able to see a X11 Windows on your
client Desktop environment, if not then enable SSH X11 Forwarding (see
last step)
$ xterm
log into console as root and open a terminal window within CDE
DISPLAY=:0.0
export DISPLAY
xhost +
su - oracle
DISPLAY=:0.0
export DISPLAY
/user/openwin/bin/xclock e
NB in a CENTOS 7.3 Linux system running KDE I had to set the following in
the oracle user
First in root
List the X-Windows authorization list
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Then run the highlighted commands as shown above.
NB
=============X Windows====================
REF:Example of workaround
https://www.igorkromin.net/index.php/2017/07/17/running-x11-graphical-
applications-after-changing-to-another-user-using-sudo-su
xauth list
myhost.mydomain.com/unix:10 MIT-MAGIC-COOKIE-1
1183c75928e9dc95378aa3172b142652
sudo su - oracle
xauth add myhost.mydomain.com/unix:10 MIT-MAGIC-COOKIE-1
1183c75928e9dc95378aa3172b142652
(NB need to add all in the list)

then
export DISPLAY=:1
then
xhost
Start the database installer (you should be able to see a X11 Windows
with the Oracle database installation wizard on your client Desktop
environment):
$ cd /opt/IBM/Installs/Oracle/database
$ ./runInstaller
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Optionally specify email address to be informed about security issues
Enter Email to be used for alerts and deselect Updates via My Oracle
Support and click Next>
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Tick the box as shown above and click Continue
Select Create and configure a database and click Next>

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Set paths etc required and click Next>
Choose 'Enterprise Edition'
Set the following settings and click "Next":
Oracle base: /opt/app/oracle
Oracle Home: /opt/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/db_1

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Click Next>
Verify path of inventory directory: '/opt/app/oraInventory' and verify

group name for install of 'oinstall', click "Next"
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Prerequisite Checks: the installer will verify the system environment and
report on any issues it may find. If all goes well you will get the status
of 'Succeeded' for every check. You have to check 'Ignore All' but ensure
at least that the following checks pass:
Physical memory (also Available)
Free space
User and groups existence
Group membership
Hard and soft limits
Architecture
Kernel version
OS Kernel parameters
Swap size
Run level.
Packages
Users with same ID
Click OK after running the Oracle runfixup.sh as shown above.

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yum install the missing packages identified

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Select Check Again

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Select Ignore All as we cannot find the two packages above

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Select Next>
Select Yes
Summary: This screen gives a summary of the installation you are about to
perform. Click and expand the products being installed to give you an idea
of the what product and version is going to be installed.
validate 'Global Settings' for directories
validate 'Space Requirements'

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Install: This screen gives a status of what is being installed. If all

system settings have been properly set and all packages been installed
properly then this should proceed without error.
Note the time it takes for specific products. If you notice one
hanging or taking a long amount of time (greater than 10 minutes) you
could have a condition that requires a pre-installation patch. Don't stop
the installer yet but instead start looking for a bug / patch for the
Oracle 12c installation process and the actual product being installed.
Final setup
Add the following lines to oracle's $HOME/.bash_profile archive. This will
allow you to execute various Oracle binaries to create databases,
configure network settings, and generally manage the Oracle database
environment:
umask 022
export TMPDIR=/tmp
export ORACLE_BASE=/opt/app/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/12.1.0/db_1
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH
NOTE: remember to first login as oracle user to edit the

$HOME/.bash_profile archive. Finally ensure the execution permissions for
this archive.
Post Install
Configure a network listener for Oracle Database on CentOS 7.3
Creating a new Oracle 12c R1 Database on CentOS 7.3
Create a init script to make Oracle database start automatically on

system booting
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Also some References from the previous Oracle 11g installation are still
useful:
http://www.jameskoopmann.com/docs/Install_Oracle11gCentOS5.htm
http://www.server-world.info/en/note?os=CentOS_6&p=oracle11g&f=5
ORACLE POST INSTALLATION STEPS
Add to the .profile
ORACLE_SID=orcl; export ORACLE_SID
ORACLE_TERM=xterm; export ORACLE_TERM
Check current status of Linux:
/usr/sbin/getenforce
If output is "Enforcing"then change mode to "Permissive" using following

command:
/usr/sbin/setenforce 0
To prevent Enforcing mode restore after next reboots or to disable Linux

modify the /etc/sysconfig/selinux change value of SELINUX variable to
permissive or disabled:
SELINUX=permissive
1. (Optional) Auto Startup and Shutdown of Database and Listener
Login as root and modify /etc/oratab file and change last character to Y
for appropriate database.
ORCL:/u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/db_1:Y
As root user create new file "oracle" (init script for startup and
shutdown the database) in /etc/init.d/ directory with following content:
#!/bin/bash
# oracle Init file for starting and stopping
# Oracle Database. Script is valid for 10g and 11g versions.
# chkconfig: 35 80 30
# description: Oracle Database startup script

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# Source function library.
. /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions
ORACLE_OWNER="oracle"
ORACLE_HOME="/u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/db_1"
case "$1" in
start)
echo -n $"Starting Oracle DB:"
su - $ORACLE_OWNER -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbstart $ORACLE_HOME"
echo "OK"
;;
stop)
echo -n $"Stopping Oracle DB:"
su - $ORACLE_OWNER -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbshut $ORACLE_HOME"
echo "OK"
;;
*)
echo $"Usage: $0 {start|stop}"
esac
Execute (as root) following commands (First script change the permissions,
second script is configuring execution for specific runlevels):
chmod 750 /etc/init.d/oracle
chkconfig --add oracle --level 0356
2. (Optional) Auto Startup and Shutdown of Enterprise Manager Database

Control
As root user create new file "oraemctl" (init script for startup and
shutdown EM DB Console) in /etc/init.d/ directory with following content:
#!/bin/bash
# oraemctl Starting and stopping Oracle Enterprise Manager Database

Control.
# Script is valid for 10g and 11g versions.
# chkconfig: 35 80 30
# description: Enterprise Manager DB Control startup script

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# Source function library.
. /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions
ORACLE_OWNER="oracle"
ORACLE_HOME="/u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/db_1"
case "$1" in
start)
echo -n $"Starting Oracle EM DB Console:"
su - $ORACLE_OWNER -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/emctl start dbconsole"
echo "OK"
;;
stop)
echo -n $"Stopping Oracle EM DB Console:"
su - $ORACLE_OWNER -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/emctl stop dbconsole"
echo "OK"
;;
*)
echo $"Usage: $0 {start|stop}"
esac
Execute (as root) following commands (First script change the permissions,
second script is configuring execution for specific runlevels):
chmod 750 /etc/init.d/oraemctl
chkconfig --add oraemctl --level 0356
Installation screens
Execute configuration scripts, when the wizard asks for it:
open up a different terminal window
login as the root user
run:
$ sudo /opt/app/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh
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$ sudo /opt/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/db_1/root.sh
accept a default of /usr/local/bin
click OK
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Cleanup
If you downloaded the software from the net you can now remove .zip file
and the complete directory structure you unzipped it to.

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ABSTRACT

Step by Step Installation

ORACLE 12C A. S. Bluck

Installation of Oracle 12C on the Linux operating system

Download from Oracles Developer site

After this it will show the line:

Download and unzip both files to the same directory.

Checking Oracle Database Installation Prerequisites

 There is a minimum of 1 GB of physical memory.

 Sufficient paging space is available.

 An appropriate file system format is being used.

Increase /tmp size methods (required for Oracle 12c installation)

Re: change size of " / " or change mount of /tmp

none /tmp tmpfs size=3G 0 0

tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs size=3G 0 0 <--- This was my setup

ORACLE Hardware Requirements

To check out your recommended hardware requirements, login to the CentOS

How much memory:

$ grep -i memtotal /proc/meminfo

results: should be at least 1GB

How much swap:

$ grep -i swaptotal /proc/meminfo

- should be 1.5 the size of memtotal if memtotal < 2GB

- should be equal to memtotal if memtotal is between 2GB and 8GB

- should be .75 the size of memtotal if memtotal > 8GB

What processor type:

$ grep "model name" /proc/cpuinfo

How much available RAM and swap:

How much shared memory available:

purpose: The shared memory should be sized to be at least the

How much disk space in /tmp:

results: should have at least 400MB available

How much disk space for Oracle binaries:

results: Depending on installation type you should have between

What distribution and version of Linux is installed:

What version of the kernel is installed:

Login in as root user

Create Oracle's user and groups

Create groups oinstall & dba:

$ sudo groupadd oinstall

$ sudo groupadd dba

Create the oracle user and set its password:

$ sudo useradd -m -g oinstall -G dba -s /bin/bash oracle

$ sudo passwd oracle

uid=99(nobody) gid=99(nobody) groups=99(nobody)

$ sudo useradd nobody

Configure some kernel parameters. The following kernel parameters must

Verify kernel parameters:

$ sysctl -a | grep kernel.shm

results should be >= than:

$ sysctl -a | grep file-max

results should be >= than:

$ sysctl -a | grep ip_local_port_range

results should be >= than:

net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500

$ sysctl -a | grep rmem_default

results should be >= than:

$ sysctl -a | grep rmem_max

results should be >= than:

$ sysctl -a | grep wmem_default

results should be >= than:

$ sysctl -a | grep wmem_max

results should be >= than: