16 Chapter 1 Algebraic techniques 2 and indices 1C

Example 5b,c 5 Classify the following pairs as like terms (L) or not like terms (N). U F
a −3x2y and 5x2y b 12ab2 and 10b2a C
R PS
2
c 2ab and 10ba 2
d 7qrs and −10rqs
2
e 11q r and 10rq f −15ab2c and −10cba2

Example 6a 6 Simplify the following by combining like terms.

a 3x + 2x b 7a + 12a
c 15x − 6x d 4xy + 3xy
e 16uv − 3uv f 10ab + 4ba
g 11ab − 5ba + ab h 3k + 15k – 2k
i 15k – 2k – 3k

Example 6b,c 7 Simplify the following by combining like terms.

a 7f + 2f + 8 + 4 b 10x + 3x + 5y + 3y
c 2a + 5a + 13b − 2b d 10a + 5b + 3a + 4b
e 10 + 5x + 2 + 7x f 10a + 3 + 4b − 2a − b
g 10x + 31y − y + 4x h 11a + 4 − 2a + 12a
i 7x2y + 5x + 10yx2 j 12xy − 3yx + 5xy − yx
k −4x + 3x
2 2
l −2a + 4b − 7ab + 4a
m 10 + 7q − 3r + 2q − r n 11b − 3b2 + 5b2 − 2b

8 For each expression choose an equivalent expression from the options listed.
a 7x + 2x A 10y + 3x
b 12y + 3x − 2y B 9xy
c 3x + 3y C 9x
d 8y − 2x + 6y − x D 3y + 3x
e 4xy + 5yx E 14y − 3x

U F
9 Write expressions for the perimeters of the following shapes in simplest form. C
R PS
a 7x b c
5a − b
3
4x 2
2y 3a + 3b
4a + 2b
x

ISBN: 9781107671812 © David Greenwood et al. 2014 Cambridge University Press

Photocopying is restricted under law and this material must not be transferred to another party
 Number and Algebra 17

10 Towels cost $c each at a shop. U F

a John buys 3 towels, Mary buys C
R PS
6 towels and Naomi buys 4 towels.
Write a fully simplified expression
for the total amount spent on towels.
b On another occasion, Chris buys
n towels, David buys twice as many
as Chris and Edward buys 3 times as
many as David. Write a simplified
expression for the total amount they
spent on towels.

11 State the missing numbers to make the following equivalences true.

a 10x + 6y − x+ y = 3x + 8y
b 5a − 7b + a+ b = 11a
c c+ d+ = 4c + 2d + 1 + 3c + 7d + 4
d a2b + b2a + 2a2b + b2a = 7b2a + 10a2b

12 Add the missing expressions to the puzzle to make all six equations true.

5x + = 7x

+ + +

y + =

= = =

+ = 7x + 3y

13 In how many ways could the blanks below be filled if all the coefficients must be positive integers?
a+ b+ a = 10a + 7b

14 Simplify a − 2a + 3a − 4a + 5a − 6a + … + 99a − 100a.

U F
15 Prove that 10x + 5y + 7x + 2y is equivalent to 20x − 3x + 10y − 3y. Hint: Simplify both C
R PS
expressions.

16 a Make a substitution to prove that 4a + 3b is not equivalent to 7ab.

b Is 4a + 3b ever equal to 7ab? Try to find some values of a and b to make 4a + 3b = 7ab a true
equation.
c Is 4a + 3a ever not equal to 7a? Explain your answer.

17 a Decide whether 7x – 3x is equivalent to 7x + (−3x). Explain why or why not.

b Fill in the missing numbers to make the following equivalence true.
14a + 3b + 2ab + a+ b+ ba = a

ISBN: 9781107671812 © David Greenwood et al. 2014 Cambridge University Press

Photocopying is restricted under law and this material must not be transferred to another party