‫‪ JavaScript‬ﭼﻴﺴﺖ؟‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻦ ﺭﻭﺯﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺎﺳﻴﺲ ﻣﺠﻤﻊ ﺟﻬﺎﻧﻲ ﻭﺏ )‪(Wide Web World‬‬

‫ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﺕ ‪ HTML‬ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺳﺎﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺁﺳﺎﻥ ﺑﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺑﻄﻮﺭﻳﮑﻪ ﻓﺮﺍﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻓﺮﺍﻣﻴﻦ‬

‫ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﭼﻨﺪ ﺭﻭﺯ ﻃﻮﻝ ﻧﻤﻴﮑﺸﻴﺪ ﻭﻟﻲ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﻲ ﮐﻪ ‪،Web‬‬

‫ﺷﺮﻭﻉ ﺑﻪ ﭘﻴﺸﺮﻓﺖ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻃﺮﺍﺣﺎﻥ ﺧﻮﺍﺳﺘﺎﺭ ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ‬

‫ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﺕ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺳﭙﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﺠﺎﻳﻴﮑﻪ ﺻﻔﺤﺎﺕ ﻭﺏ‪ ،‬ﺑﻬﺘﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﮏ ﻭ ﻣﺘﺤﺮﮎ‬

‫ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﻃﺮﺍﺣﺎﻥ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺧﻮﺍﺳﺘﺎﺭ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺑﻴﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﺳﺎﻳﺖ ﻭ ﺻﺎﺣﺒﺎﻥ ﺁﻥ‬

‫ﺷﺪﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﺕ ‪ HTML‬ﺑﻪ ﺗﻨﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺭﺍ‬

‫ﺑﺮﻃﺮﻑ ﻧﮑﺮﺩ ﻭ ﺳﭙﺲ ﺷﺮﮐﺖ ‪ Netscape‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻭ ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ‬

‫ﺑﻴﻦ ﺻﺎﺣﺒﺎﻥ ﺳﺎﻳﺖ ﻭ ﺑﻴﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻔﺤﺎﺕ ‪ Web‬ﺍﺯ ‪JavaScript‬‬

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 ‫ﮐﻤﮏ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡ ‪JavaScript‬‬

‫‪ JavaScript‬ﺩﻗﻴﻘﺎ ﻳﮏ ﺯﺑﺎﻥ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻧﻮﻳﺴﻲ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﺁﻥ‬

‫ﻣﻴﺘﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﻴﻦ ﮐﺎﺭﺑﺮ ﻭ ﺳﺎﻳﺖ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﺑﺮﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻴﺪ ﮐﻪ‬

‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ‪ JavaScript‬ﺩﺭ ﺻﻔﺤﺎﺕ ‪ Web‬ﻧﻴﺎﺯﻱ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻮﺷﺘﻦ ﺍﺳﮑﺮﻳﭙﺘﻬﺎ‬

‫ﻧﺪﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﻭ ﻣﻴﺘﻮﺍﻧﻴﺪ ﺍﺳﮑﺮﻳﭙﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺒﮑﻪ ﺍﻳﻨﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﺭﺍ ﮐﭙﻲ ﻭ ﺩﺭ‬

‫ﻣﮑﺎﻥ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﮐﻨﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﻣﺎ ﺩﺭ‬

‫ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻴﮑﻪ ﻳﮏ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻧﻮﻳﺲ ﺑﺎﺷﻴﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﺎﻳﺖ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﻴﺪ‬

‫ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺴﺖ ﺍﺳﮑﺮﻳﭙﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﺮﺗﺎﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻨﻮﻳﺴﻴﺪ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ‪JavaScript‬‬

‫ﺑﻪ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﺟﺎﻭﺍ ﺍﺳﮑﺮﻳﭙﺖ ﻣﻴﺘﻮﺍﻥ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﺑﻴﺸﻤﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻗﺒﻴﻞ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ‬

‫ﺑﻴﻦ ﮐﺎﺭﺑﺮ ﻭ ﺳﺎﻳﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ‪ Web‬ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻣﺜﻼ ﺳﺎﻳﺘﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﺭﺍ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ‬

‫ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻳﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﻧﺸﺎﻧﮕﺮ ﻣﻮﺱ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺩﮐﻤﻪ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﺮ‬

‫ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻣﺘﻔﺎﻭﺕ )ﺑﺮﺟﺴﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻣﺤﺘﻮﻳﺎﺕ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﺩﮐﻤﻪ( ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺶ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ‬

‫ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ‪ JavaScript‬ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﮑﻨﻴﮏ‬

‫‪ rollover‬ﮔﻔﺘﻪ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﻪ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ‪ rollover‬ﻣﻴﺘﻮﺍﻥ ﺣﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ ﺗﺎ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺷﺪﻩ‬

‫ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﮐﺎﺭﺑﺮ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﻓﺮﻣﻬﺎ ﺑﻄﻮﺭ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻭ‬

‫ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﺘﻮﺍﻥ ﺻﺮﻓﻪ ﺟﻮﻳﻲ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻣﻴﺘﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎﺕ ﻻﺯﻡ ﻭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ‬

‫ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﻋﺪﺩﻱ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺪﻳﻦ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﮐﺎﺭﺑﺮ ﻭ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻴﭻ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ‬

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 ‫ﻓﺮﺍﻳﻨﺪﻱ ﺩﺭ ‪server‬ﻫﺎ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺩﺍﺩ ﺗﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻬﺎﻱ ‪ server-side‬ﻭ‬

‫‪ client-side‬ﺑﺪﻳﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ‪ server-side‬ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ‬

‫‪ CGI‬ﺩﺭ ﺧﻮﺩ ‪server‬ﻫﺎ ﺍﺟﺮﺍ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ‪ :‬ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ‪ ASP‬ﻭﻟﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ‬

‫ﻫﺎﻱ ‪ client-side‬ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﮐﺎﺭﺑﺮ ﺍﺟﺮﺍ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﺯ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻓﺮﻣﺖ ﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺘﻬﺎﻱ ‪ JavaScript‬ﻣﻴﺘﻮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﺻﻔﺤﺎﺕ ‪ HTML‬ﺭﺍ‬

‫ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻋﻤﻞ ﮐﺎﺭﻳﺮ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺶ ﺩﺍﺩ‪ .‬ﻓﺮﺽ ﮐﻨﻴﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻳﮏ ﺳﺎﻳﺖ ﺁﮊﺍﻧﺲ‬

‫ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺮﺗﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎﺯ ﮐﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻣﻘﺼﺪ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﻫﺎﻭﺍﻳﻲ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﮐﻨﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻮﺳﻴﻠﻪ‬

‫ﺍﺳﮑﺮﻳﭙﺖ ﻣﻴﺘﻮﺍﻥ ﺁﺧﺮﻳﻦ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺮﺗﻲ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻫﺎﻭﺍﻳﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ‬

‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻴﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﻪ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻣﻴﺘﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﺮ ‪ browser‬ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺩﺍﺩ ﻭ ﭘﻨﺠﺮﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ‬

‫ﺟﺪﻳﺪﻱ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎﺯ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺟﻌﺒﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﻴﻐﺎﻡ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﮐﺎﺭﺑﺮ ﺍﻋﻼﻡ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ‬

‫ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ‪ status bar‬ﭘﻨﺠﺮﻩ ‪ browser‬ﭘﻴﻐﺎﻡ ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺻﻲ ﺭﺍ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺶ ﺩﺍﺩ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺑﺨﺎﻃﺮ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﻭﻳﮋﻩ ﺍﻱ ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻧﻮﻳﺴﻲ‬

‫ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻣﻴﺘﻮﺍﻥ ﺳﺎﻋﺖ‪ ،‬ﺗﻘﻮﻳﻢ ﻭ ﻫﺮ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ‬

‫ﮐﺮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪ JavaScript‬ﻳﮏ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ‪ Java‬ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﺮﺧﻼﻑ ﺷﺒﺎﻫﺖ ﺍﺳﻤﻲ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ‪ Java‬ﻭ ‪ ،JavaScript‬ﻫﻴﭽﮕﻮﻧﻪ‬

‫ﺷﺒﺎﻫﺘﻲ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﻭ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ‪ Java‬ﻳﮏ ﺯﺑﺎﻥ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻧﻮﻳﺴﻲ‬

‫ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﮐﺎﻣﻞ ﭘﻴﺸﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺷﺮﮐﺖ ‪sun microsystem‬‬

‫ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﮐﻪ ﻧﺴﻞ ﺑﻌﺪﻱ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ‪ c‬ﻭ ‪ c++‬ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﺪ‪،‬‬

‫ﻣﻴﺘﻮﺍﻥ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﻲ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺭﺍ ﻧﻮﺷﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺿﻤﻦ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﮑﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﮑﻲ‬

‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺭﺍ ﻧﻴﺰ ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ ﺧﺎﺻﻴﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ‪ Java‬ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ‬

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 ‫ﻧﻮﺷﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﻲ ﻣﮑﺎﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺮﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﺯ ﻗﺒﻴﻞ‬

‫‪ Windows، Unix، Mac os‬ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ‪ Java‬ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ‪ client-side‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ‪applet‬ﻫﺎ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﺪ‪،‬‬

‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﮐﻮﭼﮏ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺷﺒﮑﻪ ﺍﻳﻨﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﺧﻮﺩ‬

‫‪browser‬ﻫﺎ ﺍﺟﺮﺍ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﻧﺪ ﺑﻄﻮﺭﻳﮑﻪ ﺑﻌﻠﺖ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ﻫﻤﻪ ﮔﻴﺮ ‪،Java‬‬

‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﻲ ‪browser‬ﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﮐﻪ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻱ ‪ Java‬ﺭﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪،‬‬

‫ﮐﺎﺭ ﻣﻴﮑﻨﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﻴﺘﻮﺍﻧﻴﺪ ﺑﺎﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺗﮓ >‪ <APPLET‬ﺩﺭ ﺳﻨﺪ ‪ HTML‬ﻓﺮﺍﻣﻴﻦ ‪Java‬‬

‫ﺭﺍ ﺑﮑﺎﺭ ﺑﮕﻴﺮﻳﺪ ﻭ ﺳﭙﺲ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﻲ ﮐﻪ ‪ browser‬ﺗﮓ >‪ <APPLET‬ﺭﺍ‬

‫ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﮐﺮﺩ‪ applet ،‬ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺍﺯ ‪ server‬ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺟﺎﻱ‬

‫ﺗﻌﺒﻴﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﺳﻨﺪ ‪ HTML‬ﺍﺟﺮﺍ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﺍﻧﺪﮐﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺨﭽﻪ ‪JavaScript‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻴﮑﻪ ‪ JavaScript‬ﺑﺎ ﻧﺎﻡ ‪ Java‬ﺗﻨﺎﺳﺒﻲ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ‪ ،‬ﭘﺲ ﭼﺮﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺎﻡ ﺧﻮﺩ‬

‫ﺷﺒﺎﻫﺖ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ؟ ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﺌﻮﺍﻝ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻌﺮﻭﻓﻴﺖ ﻧﺎﻡ‬

‫ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﺯﺍﺭ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﻴﺪ ﻳﺎﻓﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻥ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﺍﺳﮑﺮﻳﭙﺖ‬

‫ﻧﻮﻳﺴﻲ ‪ Netscape‬ﮐﻪ ﺍﺳﺎﺳﺎ ﺯﺑﺎﻥ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻧﻮﻳﺴﻲ ‪ Livescript‬ﻧﺎﻣﻴﺪﻩ‬

‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﺯﺑﺎﻥ ‪ gava‬ﻣﻌﺮﻭﻓﻴﺖ ﺧﺎﺻﻲ ﭘﻴﺪﺍ ﮐﺮﺩ ﻭ ﺷﺮﮐﺖ‬

‫‪ Netscape‬ﺑﻌﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻦ ﺷﺮﮐﺖ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ ‪browser‬ﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ‬

‫ﮐﺮﺩ ﻭ ﻧﺎﻡ ﺁﻧﺮﺍ ﺑﻪ ‪ JavaScript‬ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺯﺑﺎﻥ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻧﻮﻳﺴﻲ ﮔﺴﺘﺮﺵ‬

‫ﭼﺸﻤﮕﻴﺮﻱ ﺑﺪﻧﺒﺎﻝ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺯﺑﺎﻥ ﺗﺮﮐﻴﺒﻲ‪:‬‬

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 ‫ﺯﺑﺎﻥ ‪ JavaScript‬ﻳﮏ ﺯﺑﺎﻥ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻧﻮﻳﺴﻲ "ﺷﻲ ﮔﺮﺍ" ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ‬

‫ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡ ﺷﻲ ﮔﺮﺍﻳﻲ ﻳﮏ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻔﺎﻫﻴﻢ ‪object‬‬

‫ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﻭ ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ ﻣﻴﺪﻫﻴﻢ‪.‬‬

‫‪Object‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺩﻧﻴﺎﻱ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﻲ ﺍﺷﻴﺎﺀ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﮐﺎﻣﭙﻴﻮﺗﺮ‪ ،‬ﺩﻭﭼﺮﺧﻪ ﻭ ‪ ...‬ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﺯﺑﺎﻥ‬

‫‪ JavaScript‬ﺍﺷﻴﺎﺀ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ‪browser‬ﻫﺎ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺗﻨﺪ ﺍﺯ ﭘﻨﺠﺮﻩ ﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻓﺮﻡ‬

‫ﻫﺎ‪.‬‬

‫‪Properties‬‬

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 ‫ﺍﺷﻴﺎﺀ )‪ (object‬ﺧﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ ﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﺪ ﻣﺜﻼ ﮔﺮﺑﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ‬

‫ﭘﻮﺳﺖ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﮐﺎﻣﭙﻴﻮﺗﺮ‪ ،‬ﮐﻴﺒﻮﺭﺩ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺩﻭﭼﺮﺧﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﭼﺮﺥ ﺍﺳﺖ! ﺩﺭ‬

‫ﺩﻧﻴﺎﻱ ‪ JavaScript‬ﭘﻨﺠﺮﻩ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺗﻴﺘﺮ ﻭ ﻓﺮﻣﻬﺎ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ‪check box‬‬

‫ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ ﻳﮏ ﺷﻲ ﻣﻴﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻣﻴﺪﻫﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻄﻮﺭﻳﮑﻪ ﻣﻴﺘﻮﺍﻥ‬

‫ﻫﻤﺎﻥ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺷﻴﺎﻱ ﮐﺎﻣﻼ ﻣﺘﻔﺎﻭﺗﻲ ﺑﮑﺎﺭ ﺑﺮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻓﺮﺽ ﮐﻨﻴﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺑﻨﺎﻡ ‪ empty‬ﻫﺴﺘﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﭘﺲ ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺁﻧﭽﻪ‬

‫ﮔﻔﺘﻪ ﺷﺪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ )ﺧﺎﻟﻲ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ( ﺭﺍ ﻣﻴﺘﻮﺍﻧﻴﺪ ﻫﻢ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺷﮑﻢ ﮔﺮﺑﻪ ﻭ‬

‫ﻫﻢ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﮐﺎﺳﻪ ﮔﺮﺑﻪ ﺑﮑﺎﺭ ﺑﺒﺮﻳﺪ!‬

‫‪Methods‬‬

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 ‫ﮐﺎﺭﻱ ﮐﻪ ﺍﺷﻴﺎﺀ ﻣﻴﺘﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺩﻫﻨﺪ‪ Methods ،‬ﻧﺎﻣﻴﺪﻩ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﮐﻪ ﻣﺜﻼ‬

‫ﺧﺮﺧﺮ ﮔﺮﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﺧﺮﺍﺑﻲ ﮐﺎﻣﭙﻴﻮﺗﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﭼﺮﺧﺶ ﺩﻭﭼﺮﺧﻪ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻴﺘﻮﺍﻥ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﺷﻴﺎﺀ ﺯﺑﺎﻥ ‪ JavaScript‬ﻧﻴﺰ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ‪methods‬ﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﺪ ﻣﺜﻼ ﻋﻤﻞ‬

‫ﮐﻠﻴﮏ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺩﮐﻤﻪ ﻩ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﺯﮐﺮﺩﻥ ﭘﻨﺠﺮﻩ ﻭ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻣﺘﻦ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺪﻧﺒﺎﻝ‬

‫ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﺎﻧﻄﻮﺭ ﮐﻪ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻣﻴﮑﻨﻴﺪ ﭘﺮﺍﻧﺘﺰﻫﺎ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺎﻧﮕﺮ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ‪method‬‬

‫ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻭﻗﺎﻳﻊ ))‪handling events‬‬

‫‪ events‬ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺗﻲ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﮐﻪ ﮐﺎﺭﺑﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﺻﺤﻨﻪ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺷﺪﻩ‬

‫ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻴﺪﻫﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﭘﺬﻳﺮﺵ )‪ (Submitting‬ﻳﮏ ﻓﺮﻡ ﻭ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻣﮑﺎﻥ ﻧﺸﺎﻧﮕﺮ ﻣﺎﻭﺱ ﺑﺮﺭﻭﻱ ﻳﮏ‬

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 ‫ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ‪ ،‬ﺩﻭ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺣﺎﻻﺕ ﻭ ﻭﻗﺎﻳﻊ ﺍﺗﻔﺎﻕ ﺍﻓﺘﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﺕ ﺑﻨﺎﻡ ‪ ،event handlers‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻭﻗﺎﻳﻊ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺭﺍ‬

‫ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻣﻴﮑﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﺘﺪﺍﻭﻟﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻭﻗﺎﻳﻊ ﺩﺭ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻩ‬

‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻳﻨﺪﻩ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺻﺤﺒﺖ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﮐﺮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪Event‬‬

‫ﮐﺎﺭﺑﺮ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺷﻴﺎﺀ ﮐﺎﺭﻱ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫‪onAbort‬‬

‫ﮐﺎﺑﺮ ﺷﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻣﻴﺪﻫﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪onBlur‬‬

‫ﺍﺳﮑﺮﻳﭙﺖ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺷﺘﺒﺎﻩ ﻣﻮﺍﺟﻪ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫‪OnError‬‬

‫ﮐﺎﺭﺑﺮ ﺑﺮﺭﻭﻱ ﺷﻲ ﮐﻠﻴﮏ ﻣﻴﮑﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪oncHange‬‬

‫ﮐﺎﺭﺑﺮ ﻳﮏ ﺷﻲ ﺭﺍ ﻓﻌﺎﻝ ﻣﻴﮑﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪onFocuse‬‬

‫ﺑﺎﺭﮔﺰﺍﺭﻱ ﺷﻲ ﺍﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫‪onLoad‬‬

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 ‫ﺑﺎﺭﮔﺰﺍﺭﻱ ﺷﻲ ﺍﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫‪onLoad‬‬

‫ﻧﺸﺎﻧﮕﺮ ﻣﺎﻭﺱ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺷﻲ ﻣﻴﺮﻭﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫‪onMouseover‬‬

‫ﻧﺸﺎﻧﮕﺮ ﻣﺎﻭﺱ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺷﻲ ﮐﻨﺎﺭ ﻣﻴﺮﻭﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫‪onMouseout‬‬

‫ﮐﺎﺭﺑﺮ ﻳﮏ ﻓﺮﻡ ﺭﺍ ﭘﺬﻳﺮﺵ ﻣﻴﮑﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪onSubmit‬‬

‫ﮐﺎﺭﺑﺮ ﺑﻪ ﭘﻨﺠﺮﻩ ﮐﺎﺭﻱ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫‪onUnload‬‬

‫ﮐﺎﺭﺑﺮ ﻣﺤﺘﻮﻳﺎﺕ ﺷﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻣﻴﮑﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪onSelect‬‬

‫ﻧﮑﺎﺕ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ‬

‫ﺯﺑﺎﻥ ‪ JavaScript‬ﺑﻪ ﺣﺮﻭﻑ ﺑﺰﺭﮒ ﻭ ﮐﻮﭼﮏ ﺣﺴﺎﺱ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫•‬

‫ﻧﺎﻡ ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﺷﺮﻭﻉ ﻧﻤﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﻟﻲ ﻳﺎ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ‬ ‫•‬

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 ‫ﮔﺬﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ ﺍﺳﻤﻲ ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ ﺑﺎ ﮐﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﺯ ﻗﺒﻞ‬

‫ﺭﺯﺭﻭ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺹ ‪ JavaScript‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﮐﺮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻋﻤﻠﮕﺮﺩﻫﺎ‬

‫ﻋﻤﻠﮕﺮﺩﻩ‪ ،‬ﻋﻼﻣﺎﺗﻲ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﮐﺎﺭ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺘﻐﻴﻴﺮﻫﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﻄﻤﺌﻨﺎ ﺑﺎ ﻋﻤﻠﮕﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﺎﺩﻩ ﺭﻳﺎﺿﻲ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺟﻤﻊ‪ ،‬ﺗﻔﺮﻳﻖ ﺁﺷﻨﺎ ﻫﺴﺘﻴﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ‬

‫ﺍﻃﻼﻉ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻋﻤﻠﮕﺮﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﮐﻨﻴﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺩﻭ ﻋﺪﺩ ‪ X‬ﻭ ‪ Y‬ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﻳﮑﺪﻳﮕﺮ ﺟﻤﻊ ﻣﻴﮑﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪X+Y‬‬ ‫(‬

‫ﺪﺩ (‬
‫ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺕ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ ‪ Y‬ﻭ ‪ X‬ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﮐﻨﺎﺭ ﻫﻢ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ‬ ‫( ‪X+Y‬ﺣﺮﻓﻲ(‬

‫‪Y‬ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ‪ X‬ﮐﻢ ﻣﻴﮑﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪X-Y‬‬

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 ‫‪Y‬ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ‪ X‬ﮐﻢ ﻣﻴﮑﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪X-Y‬‬

‫‪Y‬ﻭ ‪ X‬ﺭﺍ ﻫﻢ ﺿﺮﺏ ﻣﻴﮑﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪X*Y‬‬

‫‪X‬ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮ ‪ Y‬ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﻣﻴﮑﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪X/Y‬‬

‫ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ‪ X‬ﺑﺮ ‪ Y‬ﺭﺍ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻴﺪﻫﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪X%Y‬‬

‫‪X++‬‬ ‫‪،‬‬
‫ﺑﻪ ‪ X‬ﻳﮏ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﻣﻴﮑﻨﺪ)‪. (X=X+1‬‬
‫‪++X‬‬

‫ﺍﺯ ‪ X‬ﻳﮏ ﻋﺪﺩ ﮐﻢ ﻣﻴﮑﻨﺪ)‪. (X=X-1‬‬ ‫‪X-- ، --X‬‬

‫ﻋﻼﻣﺖ ‪ X‬ﺭﺍ ﻋﻮﺽ ﻣﻴﮑﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪X-‬‬

‫ﻧﮑﺎﺕ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ‬

‫ﻫﺮ ﭼﻨﺪ ﺩﻭ ﻋﻤﻠﮕﺮ ‪ X++ ، ++X‬ﺑﻪ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ‪ X‬ﻳﮏ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﻣﻴﮑﻨﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﻣﺎ‬

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 ‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﺻﻞ ﺩﻭ ﻋﻤﻠﮕﺮ ﻣﺘﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﺍﺯ ﻳﮑﺪﻳﮕﺮ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺜﺎﻝ ﺍﮔﺮ ‪X=5‬‬

‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻭ ‪ Y=X++‬ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ‪ Y=5‬ﻭ ‪ X=6‬ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ ﻭﻟﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺕ‬

‫‪ Y=++X‬ﻣﺠﻬﻮﻟﻬﺎﻱ ‪ X‬ﻭ ‪ Y‬ﻫﺮ ﺩﻭ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ‪ ٦‬ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺑﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﻪ ﻫﺎ‬

‫ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ‪ X‬ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ‪ Y‬ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫‪X=Y‬‬

‫ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﻪ ‪ X=X+Y‬ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫‪X+=Y‬‬

‫ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﻪ ‪ X=X-Y‬ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫‪X-=Y‬‬

‫ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﻪ ‪ X=X*Y‬ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫‪X*=Y‬‬

‫ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﻪ ‪ X=X/Y‬ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫‪X/=Y‬‬

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‫ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﻪ ‪ X=X%Y‬ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫‪X%=Y‬‬

 ‫ﻧﺎﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﻪ ﻫﺎ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻴﮑﻪ ‪ X،Y‬ﻣﺴﺎﻭﻱ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡ ‪، true‬ﺭﺍ‬ ‫‪X==Y‬‬

‫ﺑﺮ ﻣﻴﮕﺮﺩﺍﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻴﮑﻪ ‪ X،Y‬ﻧﺎﻣﺴﺎﻭﻱ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡ ‪، true‬ﺭﺍ‬ ‫‪X!=Y‬‬

‫ﺑﺮ ﻣﻴﮕﺮﺩﺍﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻴﮑﻪ ‪ X‬ﺍﺯ ‪ Y‬ﺑﺰﺭﮔﺘﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡ ‪، true‬ﺭﺍ‬ ‫‪X>Y‬‬

‫ﺑﺮ ﻣﻴﮕﺮﺩﺍﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻴﮑﻪ ‪ X‬ﺍﺯ ‪ Y‬ﺑﺰﺭﮔﺘﺮ ﻳﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡ ‪،‬‬ ‫‪X>=Y‬‬

‫‪true‬ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮ ﻣﻴﮕﺮﺩﺍﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻴﮑﻪ ‪ Y‬ﺍﺯ ‪ X‬ﺑﺰﺭﮔﺘﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡ ‪، true‬ﺭﺍ‬

‫‪X<Y‬‬
‫ﺑﺮ ﻣﻴﮕﺮﺩﺍﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
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 ‫ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻴﮑﻪ ‪ Y‬ﺍﺯ ‪ X‬ﺑﺰﺭﮔﺘﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡ ‪، true‬ﺭﺍ‬

‫‪X<Y‬‬
‫ﺑﺮ ﻣﻴﮕﺮﺩﺍﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻴﮑﻪ ‪ Y‬ﺍﺯ ‪ X‬ﺑﺰﺭﮔﺘﺮ ﻳﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡ ‪،‬‬

‫‪X<=Y‬‬
‫‪true‬ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮ ﻣﻴﮕﺮﺩﺍﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻴﮑﻪ ﻫﻢ ‪ X‬ﻭ ﻫﻢ ‪ Y‬ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡ ‪،‬‬

‫‪X&&Y‬‬
‫‪true‬ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮ ﻣﻴﮕﺮﺩﺍﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻴﮑﻪ ﻳﺎ ‪ X‬ﻳﺎ ‪ Y‬ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡ ‪، true‬‬

‫‪X\\Y‬‬
‫ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮ ﻣﻴﮕﺮﺩﺍﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻴﮑﻪ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ‪ X‬ﻏﻴﺮ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡ ‪،‬‬

‫!‪X‬‬
‫‪true‬ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮ ﻣﻴﮕﺮﺩﺍﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﻧﮑﺎﺕ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻴﮑﻪ ﻣﺘﻐﻴﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ )ﺣﺮﻓﻲ( ﺭﺷﺘﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﻳﮑﺪﻳﮕﺮ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﮐﻨﻴﺪ‪،‬‬

‫ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻴﺪ ﮐﻪ "‪ "a‬ﺍﺯ "‪ "A‬ﺑﺰﺭﮔﺘﺮ ﻭ "‪ "be‬ﺍﺯ "‪"abracadabra‬‬

‫ﮐﻮﭼﮑﺘﺮ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ‬

‫ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﺠﺎ ﮐﻪ ‪ JavaScript‬ﻳﮏ ﻣﺘﻦ ﺳﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﻣﻴﺘﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻫﺮ‬

‫ﻭﻳﺮﺍﻳﺸﮕﺮ ﻣﺘﻦ ﮐﻤﮏ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ‪ ،‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﻣﻴﺘﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻳﮏ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺯﺷﮑﺮ ﻣﺘﻦ ﻣﺜﻞ‬

‫‪ word‬ﮐﻪ ﻓﺎﻳﻞ ﺭﺍ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ‪ text only‬ﺫﺧﻴﺮﻩ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﮐﺮﺩ‬

‫ﻭﻟﻲ ﮐﻼ ﺑﻬﺘﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺍﻱ ﮐﻪ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ‪ plain text‬ﮐﻪ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﻓﺮﻣﺖ‬

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 ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻴﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻭﻳﻨﺪﻭﺯ ﺍﻏﻠﺐ ﮐﺎﺭﺑﺮﺍﻥ ﺍﺯ‬

‫ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ‪ notepad‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻴﮑﻨﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

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