Question:

For the geometric and traffic characteristics shown below determine

a suitable signal phasing system and phase lengths for the
intersection using the Webster method. Show a detailed layout of the
phasing system and the intersection geometry used.

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Answer :
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Calculate the equivalent hourly flow for left turn north approach
Th

using the formula.

sh

Here, is the equivalent hourly flow, is the peak hour volume,

and is the peak hour factor.

Substitute for and 0.95 for PHF.

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 Similarly, calculate for other approaches and tabulate the calculated value as
shown in Table (1).

Equivalent hourly flows (veh/h)

Approach (width) North (56 ft) South (56 ft) East (68 ft ) West (68 ft)

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Left turn 140 77 177 141

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Through movement 442 393 593 543
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Right turn 147 142 178 187

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Maximum volume of each approach is called as critical volume. So, the critical
volume for left turn of north approach is and through-right of north
is

approach is .
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Similarly, calculate the critical volumes for other approaches and tabulate the
calculated value as shown in Table (2).
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Critical volumes (veh/h)

Approach (width) North (56 ft) South (56 ft) East (68 ft) West (68 ft)

Left turn 140 77 177 141

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 Through-right 589 535 771 730

Saturation flow on lane group of E-W left approach is and E-W

through approach is .

Calculate the maximum value of the ratios of approach flow using the formula.

Here, is the maximum value of the ratios of approach flows to saturation flows

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for all lane groups, is the flow on lane groups, and is the saturation flow on

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lane group.

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Substitute for
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Similarly, calculate for other approaches and tabulate the calculated value as
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shown in Table (3).

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Phase 1:E-W left Phase 2:E-W through Phase 4:N-S left Phase 4:N-S through
sh

177 771 140 589

1,000 3,000 1,000 3,000

0.177 0.257 0.140 0.196

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 Calculate the sum of critical ratios.

Assume lost time per phase due to acceleration and deceleration at phase changes is
3.5 sec and total all-red time is 1.5 sec at each phase.

Calculate the total lost time using the formula.

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Here, is the total lost time, is the number of phases, is the lost time for

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phase, and is the total all-red time.

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Substitute 3.5 sec for , 4 phases for , and 1.5 sec for .
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Calculate the cycle length using the formula.

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Here, is the cycle length.

Substitute 20 sec for L and 0.770 for .

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 Use 155 sec for cycle length.

Calculate total effective green time using the formula.

Here, is the total effective green time.

Substitute 155 sec for and 20 sec for .

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Calculate the allocated green time for Phase 1 using the formula.
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Here, is the allocated green time for Phase 1.

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Substitute 0.177 for , 0.770 for , 135 sec for , and 3.5 sec .
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Similarly, calculate allocated green time for other phases and tabulate the calculated
value as shown in Table (4).

Phase
Allocated green time
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 34.5

48.5

28.0

37.9

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Calculate the minimum green time for using the formula.

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Here, is the minimum green time, is the crosswalk length, is the average
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speed of pedestrians, and is the number of pedestrians crossing during an

interval.
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For Phase 1,
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Substitute for L, for , and for .

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Hence, minimum green time for Phase 1 is .

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 Similarly, calculate the minimum green time for other phases and tabulate the
calculated value as shown in Table (5).

Phases Minimum green time

31.1

31.1

34.1

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34.1

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Since , the allocated sum of green and yellow time for Phase 3 is
.
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Therefore, sum of green and yellow times is,

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The resulting total cycle length is,

Hence, the resulting total cycle length is .

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