Book 8 Grammar Guide

Lesson 1
‘going to’ for the future
Subject BE (not) ‘going Verb 1 …
to’
I go to the Dhahran Mall.
You eat dinner later.
He/She/It am/is/are (not) going study for the ALCPT.
We to play soccer with my friends.
They leave for vacation soon.

Conjunctions with BE and ‘not’

Positive Negative (1) Negative (2) Examples

I am = I’m I’m not --------------- (+) He’s going to study.

You are = You’re You’re not You aren’t (−) He’s not going to study.
He is = He’s He’s not He isn’t (−) He isn’t going to study.
She is = She’s She’s not She isn’t
It is = It’s It’s not It isn’t (+) They’re going to study.
We are = We’re We’re not We aren’t (−) They’re not going to study.
They are = They’re They’re not They aren’t (−) They aren’t going to study.

Questions with ‘going to’

Wh- BE Subject ‘going to’ Verb 1 …
Why I go to the Dhahran Mall?
How You eat dinner later?
When am/is/are He/She/It going to study for the ALCPT?
Where We play soccer with my friends?
What time? They leave for vacation soon?
‘going to’ with who/whom

Who are you going to play soccer with?

(1) ‘who’ is the OBJECT of with
With whom are you going to play soccer?
(2) ‘whom’ is the OBJECT of with
Subject BE ‘going to’ Verb 1 …

Who is going to play soccer?

* ‘who’ is the SUBJECT.
Good, Better than, the Best & Bad, Worse than, the Worst

Pizza is good. Burgers are bad.

Pizza is better than burgers. Burgers are worse than pizza.
Pizza is the best. Burgers are the worst.
Lesson 2
Want(s) to, Need(s) to, Forget(s)/Forgot(s) to…
Subject Verb To Verb 1 …
Present/past
begins/began
forgets/forgot
learns/learned
likes/liked
John needs/needed to study for the ALCPT.
remembers/remembered
starts/started
tries/tried
wants/wanted
Negative
John doesn’t want to study for the ALCPT.
John and Sara don’t want
Questions
Does John want to study for the ALCPT?
Do John and Sara
Possessive Pronouns
It’s my ball—It’s mine It’s your ball—It’s yours It’s their ball—It’s theirs
It’s his ball—It’s his It’s her ball—It’s hers
It’s its ball—It’s its (not used) It’s our ball—It’s ours
Lesson 3
Who or Whom (hint: ‘who’ is for subjects or objects. ‘whom’ is only for objects)
(1) To ____________as she writing? (2) ____________was she writing to?
(3) With ____________was he dancing? (4)____________was he dancing with?
(5) To____________did you give the book? (6) ____________did you give the book to?
(7) For___________are you making the cake? (8) ______are you making the cake for?
(9) ________ did the see? (10) _________did they see?
_______er than / the ________est (short adjectives)
*add –er fast faster than the fastest
*add –est tall taller than the tallest
*ending in ‘e’ late later than the latest
*add –r nice nicer than the nicest
*add –est large larger than the largest
*double consonant hot hotter than the hottest
*add –er/-est wet wetter than the wettest
big bigger than the biggest
*change –y to ‘i’ heavy heavier than the heaviest
* add –er/-est healthy healthier than the healthiest
easy easier than the easiest
*irregular adjective good better than the best
bad worse than the worst
more/less____________than (long adjectives and exceptions)
Exceptions more awful upset fun than
‫استثناء‬ less
Long more beautiful expensive delicious
Adjectives less important different interesting than
difficult terrific exciting
The most/least_____________ (long adjectives and exceptions)
Exceptions the most awful upset fun
‫استثناء‬ the least
Long the most beautiful expensive delicious
Adjectives the least important different interesting
difficult terrific exciting
(1) New York is more/less beautiful than Paris.
(2) Are BMWs more/less expensive than Fords?
(3) Which city is the most beautiful in the world?
(4) What is your least favorite food? (‘your’ replaces ‘the’)
May/might
Subject may /might Verb 1 …
I
You may need more money.
He/She/It might
We
They

Lesson 4
Commands with Tell/ Don’t tell
(Don’t) tell Object (that) …
+ Tell me breakfast is ready.
you that
− Don’t tell him/her I didn’t do my homework.
us
them
Example: I’m going to the mess hall. (Sam)
Tell Sam that I’m going to the mess hall.
1. Dinner is ready. (children)
2. Sam doesn’t feel well. (the teacher)
3. I heard their conversation. (don’t / them)
4. His wife has a message for him. (Lieutenant Ryan)
5. I lost his book. (don’t / John)
Time

It’s twenty past/after nine. It’s half past four. It’s a quarter past twelve.

It’s five to/till/until one. It’s a quarter to/till/until two.

until/till
Action Till/until Time/Event when the action stops
*If it’s negative, the action starts after the time/even.
I’ll watch TV until I fall asleep.
*I won’t buy a new phone till I have more money.
During Ramadan, we wait until after Maghreb to eat.
In the morning, we can eat till Fajr.
from_____to______
… from time/event To/till/until time/event
I’ll be busy from five o’clock till seven o’clock.
Our vacation goes from the beginning of April until the middle of May.
I was working from the age of sixteen till I entered university.
The mall is open from 9:00am to midnight.