Essay Project Year 10 Social - Bhima - 2021 and Table of Content

Table of Content
Table of Contents
Authors Note...........................................................................................................................................3
Abstract...................................................................................................................................................4
Euthanasia...............................................................................................................................................5
References.............................................................................................................................................10
Animal Testing: Ethical VS Practical........................................................................................................11
Authors note:.........................................................................................................................................11
References.............................................................................................................................................16
Should ESL students pass state tests in their native languages?................................................................18
Author Note...........................................................................................................................................19
Abstract.................................................................................................................................................20
References.............................................................................................................................................26
Should Schools Dedicate More Attention to World Religions?.................................................................27
Following the American Psychological Association’s Guidelines.............................................................27
Abstract.................................................................................................................................................27
Keywords: world, religions, schools, religious, conflicts, society..........................................................27
References.............................................................................................................................................32
Cellphones in the classroom: should the teachers have them?...................................................................33
Orvala Putra Rusandhy..............................................................................................................................33
Abstract.................................................................................................................................................33
Heading Level 1....................................................................................................................................39
Heading Level 2....................................................................................................................................40
References.............................................................................................................................................41
Pros and Cons of Allowing Cell Phones....................................................................................................43
in Schools..................................................................................................................................................43
Abstract.................................................................................................................................................43
Keywords: cell phones, benefits, disadvantages, students, school, class................................................43
Heading Level 1....................................................................................................................................47
Heading Level 2....................................................................................................................................50
References.............................................................................................................................................51
Is it Safe to Keep Exotic Pets?...................................................................................................................53
Abstract.................................................................................................................................................54
Heading 1..............................................................................................................................................59
Heading 2..............................................................................................................................................59
References.............................................................................................................................................60
Should Illegal Immigrants be Granted the Same Rights as Citizens?........................................................62
Author Note...........................................................................................................................................62
Abstract.................................................................................................................................................64
Keywords: illegal, immigrants, granted, rights, citizens........................................................................64
References.............................................................................................................................................70
Can Students And Over Be Friends on Social Media................................................................................71
Abstract.................................................................................................................................................71
Keywords: Social Media, Student, Platform..............................................................................................71
Heading 1..............................................................................................................................................76
Heading 2..............................................................................................................................................77
Reference...............................................................................................................................................77
Is death penalty Justifiable for Violent offenders......................................................................................79
Abstract.................................................................................................................................................79
Keywords: execution ,Murder, innocent, Penalty..................................................................................80
Heading 1..............................................................................................................................................85
Heading 2..............................................................................................................................................86
Reference...............................................................................................................................................87
Can digital devices replace traditional textbooks?.....................................................................................88
Citation:.................................................................................................................................................92
Free wi-fi in the cities: pros and cons........................................................................................................93
Abstract.................................................................................................................................................93
Heading Level 1....................................................................................................................................95
Heading Level 2....................................................................................................................................97
Euthanasia
Alexandra Gloria Natasha
Sekolah Cita Buana
Authors Note
This essay is a school project from Pak Haidar for the grade 10 ACT. The information for this
essay has been listed in the APA citation format.

Abstract
This essay discusses the topic of “should we legalize euthanasia?”. There are lots of types and
affects euthanasia has. There are arguments who support euthanasia and there are those who are
against them for reasons like it is against religious beliefs. The people who support euthanasia
argues that patients should have the rights to choose their own life, whether or not they want to
end it because they’re in pain. Some types of euthanasia are miss-interpreted as palliative care
but are actually different because euthanasia is ending a patient's life using high doses of drugs
while palliative care is giving the most comfortable last days for the patients. These types of
euthanasia and arguments helps deciding whether or not euthanasia should be legalized in
hospitals.
Keywords: euthanasia, types of euthanasia

Euthanasia
Have you ever heard of the word euthanasia? Euthanasia is a process of intentionally
ending someone’s life in an easy or painless death. The word “Euthanasia” comes from the
Greek words “Eu” which means good and “Thanatos” which means death. So, euthanasia
literally means good death. This process is usually done in hospitals by doctors who perform
euthanasia to patients who are physically in a lot of pain. Most euthanasia happens in animal
shelters where they have to “put down” animals who are of old age, aggressive, in a lot of pain,
overcrowding, etc. There are lots of types of euthanasia. There has been lots of controversy
around euthanasia about whether it should be legalized or not. Most of these controversy circles
around four main categories which are: morality & religion; physician judgement; ethics; and
personal choice.
Assisted suicide or sometimes called physician assisted suicide (PAS) is when doctors
knowingly help someone end their life. This happens because the person is likely to have been
experiencing persistent and unending suffering. When a patient is under a lot of pain and there is
no hope of saving the said patient, doctors would ask the option of euthanasia. This decision will
be decided either by the patient if the patient is conscious or the patient's family if the patient is
in a condition where they are unable to make their own decisions (the patient may be in a
coma/unconscious or their illness prevents them to make their own decision). The PAS
procedure can happen for example when the physician provides the patient with sufficient
medication for the patient to kill him or herself.
There are things called active euthanasia and passive euthanasia. Active euthanasia is
when doctors directly or purposely inject increasingly high doses of drugs in one go. Passive
euthanasia is when doctors would increase the dosses of pain killers or other medications of the
patient that overtime will become toxic to the patient. Theres a lot of similarity between passive
euthanasia and palliative care and a lot of people mistook palliative care as one of the passive
euthanasia acts but they have different views on ending someone's life. One is using the use of
high doses of drugs while the other is to try to make the patients feel as comfortable as possible
before they die. Passive euthanasia is a process of ending someone’s life, it takes time for the
medication to impact negatively to the patient. Palliative care however, focuses on making a
patient's last days as comfortable as possible so they can die in peace. For example, palliative
care doctor will allow to stop the medication for the patient or increase the doses to treat a patient
when they're in severe pain. Passive euthanasia is increasing the medication no matter how
severe the patient’s pain is, higher or lower, they will still give the same toxic number of doses
that will eventually negatively affect the patient.
By the end of 2020 the process of euthanasia is legal in Switzerland, Germany, Japan,
Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, Colombia, Canada, and the United States (Washington,
Oregon, California, Colorado, Montana, Vermont, Washington, D.C., and Hawaii). In 2017, a
Gallup Poll found that almost three-quarters of people surveyed supported euthanasia in the
United States. However, the United Kingdom found majority of doctors did not want to do
voluntary euthanasia and PAS with their main reason based on religious issues.
We have talked about Physician-assisted suicide (PAS), active euthanasia and passive
euthanasia where active euthanasia is giving high doses of drugs that becomes toxic to the body
while passive euthanasia is withholding life support for the patient (ventilator, feeding tube,
medication, etc.). They are part of euthanasia types, there are more types of euthanasia which are
voluntary euthanasia, involuntary (non-voluntary) euthanasia, and Physician-assisted suicide
(PAS). Voluntary euthanasia is the process of when the patient gives their decision to end their
life while involuntary (non-voluntary) euthanasia is the process of decision made by the patient's
closest people (most likely the family members) to end the patient's life because the patient is in
a state of coma or are unable to make their own decision.
Controversy surrounding euthanasia are caused by individual believes. First argument is
through Physician's judgement which states that PAS is only legal if a patient is mentally capable
of making choices. Unfortunately, one study found that doctors aren’t always capable of
recognizing when someone is or was not mentally stable to make decisions (they can lie). Second
argument is its ethics. For more than 2.500 years, doctors have taken the Hippocratic oath.
Hippocratic oaths are the principles held by doctors like treating the sick to the best of ability,
teaching the secrets of medicine to the next generation, etc. People argue that the Hippocratic
oath supports PAS because it ends suffering the patient has dealt with. Others argued that it is
harmful for the patients' loved ones to have to see them die. Third argument is morality and
religion. Religion believes suicide is the highest sin and is unacceptable. They believe that
people are to live in a certain extent and dying for unnatural reasons (euthanasia) is sinful
because it’s against nature. Fourth and final argument is a patient's personal choice. “Death with
dignity” is a movement that encourages people to decide how they want to die. People often does
not want to die slowly or burden their loved ones which is why they would most likely choose
euthanasia.
There are other various arguments that supports the legalization of euthanasia. Freedom
of choice argues that patients should be able to make their own choices for their lives. They
should be able to make their own choices to live a good quality of life because they are the ones
that are sick and feel the physical and emotional affect the illness causes. One of the arguments
that support euthanasia is that it is a humane thing to do to allow a person to end their own
suffering when they deal with extreme physical pain. It is also believed that not prolonging a
patient's death would help shorten the grief and suffering of the loved ones so they don’t have to
feel sad every time they meet the patient. Some arguments that are against the legalization of
euthanasia are mental illnesses and possible recovery. Some people argue that when doctors give
the option to the patient about euthanasia, if the patient is emotionally unstable, there are high
chances they would most likely agree to it. Possible recovery is one of the other reasons people
are against euthanasia. People who support this argument most likely come from the religious
perspective. This perspective often believes with miracles and pushes patients to wait a while
longer for a possible recovery (to continue medication and health care).
In conclusion, euthanasia is a process of ending someone’s suffering in the most painless
way possible. Physician-assisted suicide is process of doctors knowingly ending a patient's life.
There are different types of euthanasia. Active euthanasia is the process of doctors directly
injecting high doses of drugs to patients whereas passive euthanasia is the process of doctors
increasing the doses of medication for the patient to the point that the medication will eventually
become toxic to the body. A lot of people mistaken euthanasia and palliative care as one thing
but they are both different. While euthanasia is knowingly ending someone's life by giving them
high doses of drugs, palliative care purpose is to make a patient last day as comfortable as
possible therefore making a patient more relax and are prepared to die. Voluntary euthanasia is
the decision made directly by the patient (if the patient wants to be euthanized or does not want
to be), while non-voluntary euthanasia is the decision made by someone close to the patient
(mostly family members) to end the patient's life or not because the patient can’t physically or
emotionally give their opinion (they are in a state of coma or their illness affects their ability to
voice out what they want). There are a lot of arguments and controversies circling euthanasia.
Arguments that support the legalization of euthanasia are freedom of choices, it is a humane
thing to do, and that it will shorten the grief moment for the patients loved ones. Arguments
against legalization of euthanasia are euthanasia is sinful and goes against religious beliefs, the
patients may be in an unstable condition with an unstable mentality, and there is a possible
recovery. It is recommended that euthanasia is to be used when there is absolutely no hope in
saving a patient's life because it may help the patient die in peace and end their suffering and it
doesn’t waste resources.

References
2 December 2016. Arguments against euthanasia. Vivredignite.org,
https://vivredignite.org/en/against-euthanasia/
Euthanasia. Medicine.missouri.edu, https://medicine.missouri.edu/centers-institutes-labs/health-
ethics/faq/euthanasia
28 July 2020. Euthanasia and assisted suicide. nhs.uk,
https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/euthanasia-and-assisted-suicide/
Brazier, Y. 17 December 2018. What are euthanasia and assisted suicide?.
medicalnewstoday.com, https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/182951
Holland, K. 31 May 2019. Euthanasia: understanding the facts. healthline.com,
https://ww.healthline.com/health/what-is-euthanasia
ProCon.org. 26 July 2019, should euthanasia or physical-assisted suicide be legal?.
euthanasia.procon.org, https://euthanasia.procon.org/
The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica. 13 June 2019, Euthanasia. britannica.com,
https://www.britannica.com/topic/euthanasia
Animal Testing: Ethical VS Practical
Alisha Nadine Harahap
Sekolah Cita Buana
Authors note:
This essay was written for the given research assignment and is according to my chosen topic. It
regards the topic on whether animal testing should be kept for its practicality or be abolished due
to its violation of ethics. The information that resides in this paper comes from a variety of
resources as well as some personal opinions from myself. All sources and information in the
paper have been cited appropriately in the APA format which can be seen on the reference page
down below.
Abstract:
The research conducted was to see whether the practical aspect of using animals overrules how
unethical it is. Animals in the past and our modern day are being used as test subjects for many
experiments that claim to further humanities knowledge on various fields. But in recent years,
there has been many activist groups and movements that oppose the use of animals for the sake
of research and there are still people who support it due to its previous “successes”. The
experiments conducted are said to be cruel and inhumane, treating the animals without an ounce
of respect, the research on these animals might not even be valid or useful to anyone, as recent
experiments that previously showed promise failed during the next stages. No matter how
practical it is, it does not amount nor equal to the pain which these animals undergo.
Keywords: Experiments, Ethics, Practical, Animal Testing

ANIMAL TESTING: ETHICAL VS PRACTICAL
Animal Testing: Ethical VS Practical
An Estimation of at least 192.1 million animals were being tested on for certain purposes in
2015. The animals which were being tested on, were a wide range of species like mice, cats,
dogs, frogs, monkeys, fish, and many other types of animals. 191.2 million animals being tested
on in a single year is certainly a large number of animals even on a global scale. Animal testing
for scientific and cosmetic research is a common occurrence in the world, a default method that
scientists use to test their medical and scientific discoveries, etc. It is done all over the world, and
is practiced almost by every country. Due to the fact that animal testing is being done in so many
countries, the debate sparked on the ethics versus the practicality of animal testing. So, the
question at hand is “Should the ethicality of testing on these animals be ignored for its so-called
practicality?”, “Is it really practical to test these animals or is it simply because old habits die
hard?” This essay will discuss the reasons behind animal testing, and the ethical issues it faces.
Animal research has been done for centuries, repeatedly throughout history. The earliest
discovery of the use of animals for scientific research was around 500 B.C, Greek physicians
such as Aristotle, Herophilus and Erasistratus all performed experiments on animals to learn the
characteristics and functions of living organisms. Vivisection is defined as the means for the
dissection of living organisms, which were done to humans and animals alike to learn more
about anatomy, physiology and pathology. As it continued for centuries, the act of experimenting
and research on animals faced little to no objection or criticism until the 19th century when the
experiments were brought to light as well as the increase in domestic pet adoption. The campaign
against these experiments were eventually strong enough to push lawmakers into issuing the first
law that controls the use of animals for research/ experimentation. Around the 1940s, the use of
animals for research and testing, that went into the cosmetic industry to prevent any mishaps or
harm of unsafe/ new ingredients in the creation of cosmetics, underwent the same opposition and
criticism. In 1948 the use of animals in experimentation went beyond dissection and
implantation. The US space program started using animals to study the effects of prolonged
space travel by using monkeys and dogs. Several monkeys died to these unmanned space
launches and the few that survive died shortly after landing due to the stress from the launch and
overheating. Animals were even used in combat training in the US, since the Vietnam war. Pigs
and goats were used in what was called “live tissue training” to train and test field medics, the
creatures were subjected to gunshot wounds, burns and even mutilations to later be treated by the
medics. This “live tissue training” faced much criticism, retaliation and opposition from animal
right groups such as PETA to the point where the program was almost phased out but later said
to still be continued. Therefore, throughout history animals have been conducted to continuous
experimentations by the military, space programs, scientists in search of understanding, and
cosmetic testing. It’s been conducted for ages since before the time of the famous Greek
physicians, and since then ethics have been involved, criticism was made upon and practicality
has been questioned.
The experiments conducted on the animals like said were used by scientists and physicians to
gain a better understanding of physiology, anatomy and pathology. It was because of how
practical it was to test on these living organisms rather than our fellow humans. The animals had
similarities when compared with us, so it was thought to be the easiest way to learn more about
ourselves and also for many other purposes. Through the organs and physical features of
different animals, these creatures were to be tested on in our stead. For reasons and purposes
like, to gain scientific understanding, to test for diseases, to test new treatments and to “protect”
the safety of the environment and the people. New treatments, vaccines, compounds and
ingredients must be tested in some way to determine its harmful effect and effectivity on
humans, animal testing has merely been the practical and default. Scientific and medical
purposes. When a new drug, discovery or even a new surgical technique is found it is common to
test it on animals first as testing it on human beings is seen as unethical by society as it would
potentially do them harm. Animals are also easier to use in experiments as things can be done to
them that would be difficult with a human. Experiments that require a very controlled and
closely monitored subject would be almost impossible with a human. A few inbred animals are
even genetically identical which allows the scientists to do different methods and compare these
different procedures/ methods on identical animals. Some species of animals have biological
similarities to humans, which makes them good models for disease and vaccine research, as
diseases that happen to humans also infect mammals. With the use of animals that could get
infected with the same diseases as us, scientists can watch the course of the disease, giving them
the ability to learn about the side effects and characteristics of the illness, and afterwards
experimentation can be done to create and test new vaccines and cures. For example, the polio
vaccine tested on monkeys, the development of the vaccine and the safety of said vaccine were
all conducted on monkeys because they have biological similarities to humans when regarding
the disease. Cosmetic testing. Companies used animals to test out their new products that may
not be safe for human use, animals are used to test whether the cosmetics are harmful to humans,
for instance if the cosmetics cause rashes, side effects, internal problems, etc. This practice
nowadays has been deemed unnecessary and inaccurate but some companies still commit animal
testing due to laws in different countries that require all cosmetic products to be tested on
animals beforehand.
Ethics is all about moral principles, whether something is morally right or not. Ethical issues are
when a certain activity or action interferes or opposes society’s moral principles. The action and
activity of animal testing has fallen under the regard of immoral or unethical for several reasons.
The use and experimentation of animals for animal testing is not only cruel but also ineffective.
The fact that these beings can’t understand or acknowledge what is happening to them and aren’t
as intelligent as humans doesn’t mean they shouldn’t be treated with dignity as animals are still
living organisms that feel pain and pleasure. Most often than not, the experiments and procedures
that are being done to the animals cause them pain and suffering. These animals are allowed to
be shocked, mutilated, starved and even made to be addicted to drugs. They are force fed
chemicals, being injected with diseases that their species would usually never contract,
undergone surgeries and implantations that are harmful, and other horrendous experiments then
thrown back to their cages without painkillers or anaesthesia all to “further the advancement of
science”. Furthermore, these animals are being isolated, controlled and poked around for the
entirety of their lives, each aspect of their being are controlled down to every little thing, not
even being able to decide what or when to eat. The experiments conducted are not even effective
as people say they are, a number of animals do have biological similarities to humans and do
contract similar diseases to humans but the living conditions and genetics between humans and
animals are still tremendously different. There are many variables that would be unaccounted for
when testing animals, thereby down playing the complexity of human circumstances. There are
variables like psychological condition, economic status and compounds that are not lethal to
animals but are lethal to humans, many results of animal testing that seemed “promising” end up
failing in human trials. That so many animals are experiencing torture for a majority of their
lives for something that turns out to be a failure is why it is unethical for these experiments to be
conducted on living breathing organisms.
The experimentation of animals has existed for millenniums and in the past has advanced and
brought mankind to gain better understanding of ourselves and the world we live in but now it
has proven to be unethical, unnecessary and ineffective. In our modern society with all the
technology that have been invented, there should be alternative methods that could replace the
procedures that are done to the animals. Using our advancements in technology to further
advance us and help us leave behind old methods. To conclude, society should not ignore the
ethics of animal testing, as it cannot be justified by its practicality or impact to the advancement
of humankind when compared to the pain and level of suffering that hundreds of millions of
animals are feeling.
References
Arguments against animal testing. Crueltyfreeinternational.org. Retrieved from
https://www.crueltyfreeinternational.org/why-we-do-it/arguments-against-animal-
testing#:~:text=The%20harmful%20use%20of%20animals,%2C%20Parkinson's
%20disease%2C%20or%20schizophrenia.
Busby, M. (2019, October 17). “Barbaric” tests on monkeys lead to calls for closure of German
lab. The Guardian. Retrieved from
https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2019/oct/15/barbaric-tests-on-monkeys-lead-
to-calls-for-closure-of-german-lab
Committee on the Use of Animals in Research, National Academy of Sciences. (2004). Read
“Science, Medicine, and Animals” at NAP.edu. Nap.Edu. Retrieved from
https://www.nap.edu/read/10089/chapter/3
Cosmetics Testing on Animals. (2018, August 29). National Anti-Vivisection Society. Retrieved
from https://www.navs.org/the-issues/animals-used-in-cosmetics-
testing/#.YDJwJegzbIW
ProCon.org. (2020, March 18). History of Animal Testing. ProCon.Org. Retrieved from
https://animal-testing.procon.org/history-of-animal-testing/
Read the four main reasons why animals are used in medical research. (2021, February 15).
Ari.Info. Retrieved from http://www.animalresearch.info/en/designing-research/why-
animals-are-used/
What is Animal Testing?.Crueltyfreeinternational.org, Retrieved from
https://www.crueltyfreeinternational.org/why-we-do-it/what-animal-testing
Why are animals still used to test the safety of cosmetics? (2018, November 9). Kb.Rscpa.Org.
Retrieved from https://kb.rspca.org.au/knowledge-base/why-are-animals-still-used-to-
test-the-safety-of-cosmetics/
Should ESL students pass state tests in their native languages?

Alvaro Rafi Syafaat
Sekolah Cita Buana
Author Note
This paper was written for the research project according to the topic given to me by Pak
Haidar. It is filled with information regarding the topic on should ESL students pass state test in
their native languages. The information that are in this paper are gathered from various websites.
References or websites of which I got the information from are listed in the references page at
the end of this paper and are all listed in APA citation format for websites.
Abstract
What is an ESL? An ESL program is coursework designed to help students who are looking to
learn English as their second, third, or in some cases, fourth language. These programs hire
teachers that are often bilingual who are there to help students to develop their speaking, writing,
reading, and listening skills. ESL programs can help students learn more about the local culture,
values, and society. ESL programs can help you understand people’s jokes and enrich your
understanding of the English language. These ESL programs can be geared toward precisely
what you need to master, according to your current level of understanding. Additionally, they are
personal, in that they can help you no matter what level you are at; they can help you with just
one aspect of English or every facet that you need help in. Understanding English is vital to
succeed in today’s international world because much of the international language is English.
What is ESL stand for?
English as a Second Language. There are many abbreviations that have been used or are still
used to describe English language learning. TESOL stands for Teacher of English Speakers of
Other Languages. ESOL stands for English Speakers of Other Languages. ESL stands for
English as a Second Language. ELL stands for English Language Learner.
Keywords: esl, program, students, languages, english

Should ESL students pass state tests in their native languages?
ESL qualifications are for people whose first language is not English and who need to be able to
show that they have learned enough English for some purpose. That purpose may be one or more
of to show an employer that they have good English.
ESL is a common abbreviation used in schools and it stands for English as a Second Language.
Schools will often use the term ESL (sometimes called ESOL or English for Speakers of Other
Languages) when describing the programs that educate students who are not native English
speakers and often for describing ESL instructors and students.
Students enrolled in ESL classes at the K-12 level are also called ELLs or English Language
Learners. ESL classes are also available for adults through various college and community
programs. Many schools will place children in an ESL program if their non-English speaking
family recently immigrated to the United States or if a foreign exchange student needs extra help
learning the language. But many ESL students enrolled in the U.S. public school system are
actually U.S. citizens with limited proficiency in English. ESL programs are designed to give
students special attention while learning and practicing English so they can integrate the
language into a regular classroom. Teachers who take part in a school's ESL program are trained
in specific techniques and tools to help their students learn English. While the curriculum may
vary from state to state, the goal for ESL instructors is to teach ESL students to become
proficient enough in English so that they meet the same academic standards as their native
English-speaking peers. An ESL class is unique because it will often include students who speak
a variety of languages. The teacher must use techniques that all of these students will understand.
Pictures are one of the most commonly used tools because most children know, for example,
what a dog, flower, or car looks like. Drawings or photographs can help students associate those
objects with the English word, no matter what their native language is. Repetition and
demonstrations are also among ESL instructors' primary teaching tools Many ESL programs will
also use computer software to help students learn English.The Rosetta Stone series is a great
example because students can progress through the lessons as they learn. Each ESL program will
have different teaching methods and tools at their disposal. They will also have different
standards for a student's evaluation as they progress. The goal is to help students learn English as
quickly and effectively as possible so they can join their peers in a regular classroom.
ESL students often struggle with it not only because of their difficulties with English, but also
because academic discourse conventions, expectations, and methods of evaluating writing differ
from country to country. Research suggests that evaluations of ESL students writing
performance on large-scale assessments may be less reliable and objective than evaluations of
native English speakers writing and that ESL students often lack understanding of what is
required of them on standardized writing tasks in American universities Previous research has
shown that anxiety interferes with L2 learning and performance, while confidence enhances it,
for a summary. Therefore, it would be logical to expect that less anxious and more confident
students would show more improvement in their writing. The relationships between individual
learner characteristics and gain in writing performance as measured by a standardized writing
assessment in a sample of community college academic English as a Second Language (ESL)
students in the United States. The ethnically and linguistically diverse convenience sample
included 76 students (43 women, 32 men, 1 who did not indicate gender) enrolled in academic
ESL courses. Multiple regression was used to investigate whether learner characteristics
predicted students’ progress in their ESL courses over the course of one semester. On average,
employed students showed less improvement in their writing than students who did not work.
Moreover, among employed students, those who cared for children under 18 and used more
English at work tended to show smaller gains in their writing scores over the course of the
semester, while those who used more English at home showed larger gains. Among unemployed
students, more years of English study in the home country and planning to return home were
associated with greater gains. In addition, those who planned to return to the home country were
less likely to be anxious about using English and to believe that they were too old to learn
English well. A students enrolled in academic ESL courses at this urban community college did
improve their writing over the course of one semester as shown by their scores on the
standardized writing assessment and the average semester gain was enough to allow a student to
advance to the next course level. However, an analysis of the relationships between individual
learner characteristics and writing score gains suggests a profile of a student who is more likely
to benefit from these courses. This student plans to return to his or her home country does not
work or works in an ethnic enclave using primarily his or her L1 on the job does not have minor
children living at home and has had some English instruction in his or her country. Young
international students are much more likely to fit this profile than are immigrants, especially
those who are older, with full-time jobs and families. This is a concern because community
colleges are a major pathway to higher education for immigrants and U.S.-born language-
minority students. While the negative effects of working and caring for children on writing score
gain are not surprising, the finding that using more English at work was associated with less
improvement is unexpected. Whether this is because students with English-only jobs work more
hours or because these menial jobs may have a demotivating effect needs to be studied further.
Even though the findings of this study need to be replicated with much larger samples of
community college ESL students, they underscore the importance of providing counseling and
academic support to students with many outside obligations. Findings also recognize that
immigrant students’ needs and challenges may differ from those of international students.
According to No Child Left Behind(NCLB), ESL students are allowed exemption for one year.
One year. That’s it. Here’s the complicated part, because ESL students tend to be a fairly
transient population, the time period of one year is clarified. In my experience, I often have
students that disappear back to their native country with no warning and then return weeks or
months later with no explanation. This doesn’t happen with every student, but it is a reality for
those of us with ESL students in our classes. I have one student that is never in school for the
months of December and January. Needless to say, it hurts his academics. If you have a student
that enrolls in a school in New York in January in third grade, he or she then completes the year
having taken the New York State English as a Second Language Achievement Test
(NYSESLAT) and the New York State Math Exam. This student is exempt from the English
Language Arts (ELA) Exam. When the classroom teacher hears this, she usually breathes a huge
sigh of relief. The student then goes onto fourth grade having spent the summer in his native
country and forgotten what English he knows. He then spends all of the winter months back in
his home country returning just in time for spring break and test prep. He is no longer exempt
from the ELA exam and has to sit the exam staring blankly at the page in frustration. No matter
how many times he dis-enrolls and re-enrolls in the NYS public school, he is no longer exempt.
His level of English proficiency is never taken into account.
Well if you want to help speed up the English learning you need to make clear to the student that
learning a language is like playing a sport, practicing every day is the best way. If you anticipate
their absence for months due to returning to their home country give them materials to read while
home so they don’t fall too behind. Students learning any language need to listen, read, write and
speak almost everyday.
.
References
(2019, June 1) Why We Should Test English Language Learners in their Home Language
Retrieved from
https://www.gettingsmart.com/2019/06/why-we-should-test-english-language-learners-in-their-
home-language/
(2019, March 12) Should ‘English-Only’ States Test ELLs in Their Native Languages?
Retrieved from https://www.edweek.org/teaching-learning/should-english-only-states-test-ells-
in-their-native-languages/2019/03
(2020, June 5). Native Language Assessments for K-12 English Learners: Policy Considerations
and State Practices
Retrieved from https://www.migrationpolicy.org/research/native-language-assessments-english-
learners
No Child Left Behind and the Assessment of English Language Learners.
Retrieved from https://www.colorincolorado.org/article/no-child-left-behind-and-assessment-
english-language-learners
Should Schools Dedicate More Attention to World Religions?
Following the American Psychological Association’s Guidelines

Louishia, A, Ralie
Abstract
The purpose of this research is to determine whether schools should dedicate more attention to
world religions. Should schools be teaching and emphasizing more of world religions towards
their students? Are schools really used to its full potential? Through this essay, data and evidence
will be provided to support the idea of preaching the teaching of world religions towards world
religions. It will also weigh the advantages that society will gain from extra attention towards
awareness of world religions at school, and disadvantages that comes if it to be ignored —
religious conflicts. The method used in this research is using reliable secondary research
available in the internet. This research will also analyse the true purpose of schools, its power,
and capabilities to mould brighter future generations. The date from the findings and research
will be compiled and analysed in this essay to find conclusions and solid conclusions regarding
the question and main topic of this essay. The main conclusion drawn from this topic is schools
should most definitely pour more attention to world religions for young people in the midst
process of education. It is crucial and essential that this topic is forwarded to improve the quality
and morality of future generations through education.
Keywords: world, religions, schools, religious, conflicts, society

“Christian, Jew, Muslim, Shaman, Zoroastrian, stone, ground, mountain, river, each has a
secret way of being with the mystery, unique and not to be judged.” (Rumi). Illustrious words
from Rumi, the greatest Sufi mystic and Persian poet since the 13 th century. His saying not only
lectures on judgment upon others but upon religion and even earth. Contrary to his saying,
religion has sadly become one of the primary sources of world conflicts. Intolerance against the
religious values or practices of others causes religious tension. This is a major world conflict
because it has created intractable interfaith wars between different religious groups. Besides the
outbreak of problematical wars, religion is also a cause of smaller conflicts in today’s society,
such as creating a border between people and breaking unity.
Problems caused by intolerance against world religions have lived among us and failed to
bring peace. Although these religious conflicts are undeniably difficult to solve, they are not to
be avoided and should be brought to the spotlight. The solution to preventing religious conflicts
from occurring is to educate those who are not aware of the importance of tolerance, starting
from the children and young people at schools. All knowledge we earn is taught to us, and school
is the main source to obtain those knowledge. If students are taught early about awareness of
world religions, they can learn to accept and be tolerant towards differences of beliefs that should
not tear people apart. All in all, this essay will discuss why schools should dedicate more
attention to world religion, why is awareness of world religion important, and how it can help
build better societies.

Schools play a vital role in society; it is a source of education for children. When they
attend school, it is a step for children to be aware of the world and the society they are a part of.
Therefore, the function of school is to help shape populations of future generations and prepare
them for their citizenship roles. With this ability and power that schools have, it is important that
it is used to its full potential. If students were asked about what they are taught at school, it is
most likely the key subjects such as Mathematics, Science, Social Studies, or Language Arts.
Although students are taught about laws and political ways through civics, or how to calculate a
radius or a circle through Mathematics, it is to be remembered that schools are able to teach more
than just academic subjects.
Without realizing, schools serve a latent function to society. Schools serve a social aspect
by bringing individuals of similar ages with different backgrounds together in socialization.
Although it is not intended, schools are the first avenue of socialising for a child, for them to
have human interactions and develop friendships and relationships. Some schools have used their
social aspect ability to preach beyond academic subjects; a common preach being the spread of
awareness against anti-bullying. Numerous schools have adapted anti-bullying policy that
teaches students about their social behaviour. Eventually, the social awareness or subjects like
this are what students will carry when they grow up and begin to work with other people in
society. They learn how to treat others properly and how to interact with respect. This shows that
schools teach beyond academic subjects, and should begin to use more of that ability to create
and build better and smarter societies.
A subject that schools need to dedicate more attention on is world religions. The
awareness of world religions is very crucial in this world. Although there are estimated to be
4200 active religions in the world, it does not mean that students have to learn each one of them.
It is only important for people to be aware and tolerant towards the different religions, and it is
extremely crucial to avoid religious exclusivism. Schools should teach that there are no superior
religion; no religion is better than the other. The belief of a religion’s superiority is one of the
major causes of religious conflicts. If young people or students are taught to be aware and
tolerant of other religions, it is a start for religious conflicts to be avoided. It is crucial to be
tolerant as other religions than one’s own can’t possibly be removed from earth, and each
individual has the right to believe what they are entitled to believe in. In the Universal
Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) proclaimed by the United Nations General Assembly in
Paris on 10 December 1948, “Everyone has the right to freedom of thought, conscience and
religion; this right includes freedom to change his religion or belief, and freedom, either alone or
in community with others and in public or private, to manifest his religion or belief in teaching,
practice, worship and observance.” With the same rights that every individual has, they
automatically acknowledge that there are differences in beliefs in which they choose to believe
in; they are world religions.
Schools should be objected to teach young people about world religions and how they
should be tolerant towards different religions in the world. Although schools have already
indirectly taught students about tolerance of different religions by being a social environment
where they can build friendships despite of different beliefs, sometimes they are not aware. It is
important that schools make children realize and aware of the friendships they have built despite
of the differences. Schools should be the first to educate the young people of tolerance against
different religions before they are influenced by false “educators” whom preached superiority of
their own religion. An example of wrongly education goes as “a large majority of Americans
schooled in the Christian tradition’s historic teaching about Christianity being the only hope of
divine salvation; an education that leads nearly half of American adults to agree with the
statement that Christianity is the only way to have a true personal relationship with God,”
(Wuthnow). In a way, students are like a blank canvas, before they are tainted with unpleasant
influences in the world, they should be taught the correct ways with morality. For that reason,
schools should dedicate more attention to world religions.
People in society might often think schools are just an institution to help future
generations to find job and live a stable life in the future. Although it is true, it has become
unseen that at schools we learn to grow and become social human beings of moral values. The
environment in which young people grow in is a vital influence on shaping their morality as
human beings. There are no antagonist in this world, people are all influenced by what surrounds
them: what they watch, what they see, and what they hear. School is the most influential
institution for young people, it is where they learn and grow. Thus, schools must be used to its
full potential and teach not only academically, but educate young generations about the
significant lessons of the world —one of them being awareness of world religion.
Schools build the foundation of any society; they can build a society where religious
difference is not an issue. If schools were to dedicate more attention towards world religions,
they have the power to slowly guarantee tolerance in society. It can build a path for a better way
of living with preventing religious conflicts among people in various countries. Schools build
people’s moral values, and it should be more forwarded. Each individual plays an important role
in society, as society is built of social groups imposed of many individuals. Consequently, every
individual is important and it should be that our society should be built of educated individuals.
Hence, schools should dedicate more attention to world religions for its many advantages.
The advantages of schools dedicating more attention to world religions include firstly, avoiding
and solving religious conflicts by educating and spreading awareness of world religions.
Secondly, teach young people of moral values such as tolerance against others. Lastly, build a
better society where religion is not a problem and emphasizes on living peacefully and equally.
References
Crowell, Erin. (2013, March 6). Functions of school: socialization, cultural transmission,
integration latent functions. Retrieved from https://study.com/academy/lesson/functions-
of-school-socialization-cultural- innovation-integration-latent-functions.html.
Waltner, Alex. (2020). Largest religions in the world. Retrieved from
www.swedishnomad.com/largest-religions-in-the-world/.
Universal declaration of human rights. Retrieved from https://www.un.org/en/universal-
declaration-human-rights/.
Schimmel, Annemarie. Rumi. Retrieved from www.britannica.com/biography/Rumi.
Shaukat, Amna. (2020, October 15). Religious conflicts around the globe and a solution.
Retrieved from https://moderndiplomacy.eu/2020/10/15/religious-conflicts-around-
the-globe-and-a-solution/.
McPhillips, Deidre. (2018, January 23). Religion needs a savior. Retrieved from
www.usnews.com/news/best-countries/articles/2018-01-23/tribal-divisions-created-
by-religion-most-harmful-in-global-conflict-experts-say.
Sharma, Deepika. The importance of school education in child development. Retrieved from
http://www.educationworld.in/the-importance-of-school-education-in-child-
development/.
Gehrman, Elizabeth. (2005, May 12). When faith becomes ‘exclusivist’. Retrieved from
https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2005/05/when-faith-becomes-exclusivist/.
Cellphones in the classroom: should the teachers have them?
Orvala Putra Rusandhy

Abstract
Now we lived in an era of very good technology and also very advanced. Nowadays, everyone
uses their phone mobile . Peoples use their phone mobile for a lot of things, such as for works,
daily activities, research, games, and other things. So mobile phone really help us to live our life.
Mobile phone or cell phone really makes our life easier with the applications in the phone. But
also cellphone become a major problem in our lives. Almost everyone have their own cellphone.
From old age and also young age , it means almost all of the teachers have their own cellphone.
But is it good for the teachers to use their phones in the classroom. Will it disturb the learning
session at school or it is helpful for the teachers to use the cellphones at the classroom. There are
a lot of pro and cons about this topic. Cellphone can help teachers to make learning process more
easier because they can open google for more information's. But it can also make a distraction
for the teachers, if there is a notifications from the phone, It can disturb the learning session
because of the very loud noise. Because it can also have advantages and also disadvantages.
Since it there are many advantages and also disadvantages of should the teachers have their
cellphones at the classroom, a lot of school try to make a policy about this issues.
CELLPHONES IN THE CLASSROOM: SHOULD THE TEACHERS HAVE THEM?

It’s early 2018, and there have already been over ten reported school shootings. There are many
actions to be taken in response to these tragedies, but taking phones from teachers during class
time shouldn’t be one of them. Communication is extremely important in times like those, and if
a teacher doesn’t have a way to contact someone, it could be extremely costly. Teachers should
be allowed to have their phones with them in the classroom. In a situation like this, teachers are
probably going to be worried about the children and themselves, so they most likely won’t be in
a state to use the school phone.
If teachers are allowed to have their phones, they will have quick and easy access to phone
numbers they have saved if they need to make or take a call. This shouldn’t give them access to
be on their phone during time of instruction. It is, however, useful if there is something tragic
happening at the school or in the teacher’s life, it is important to have communication as quickly
as possible. If teachers weren’t allowed to have phones with them, an emergency can take more
time than needed, when there wouldn’t be much time anyway.
Teachers can also use their cell phones for educational learning Apps with students. Not only can
the students and teacher use the apps to learn about subjects or engage in learning, teachers can
also use learning applications to invoke better time management and studying.
Using cell phones in learning can make it easier. A whopping 73% of teachers stated that they
used cell phones to help with classroom activities. This is because it makes it easier to engage
students if teachers can connect their learning to digital platforms they understand like Twitter
and Snapchat. Additionally, cell phones can make grading, attendance and behavior management

easier. A 2017 study in India showed that 86 percent of teachers in the study were in favor of cell
phone use for classroom activities and felt it was not a distraction.
Using social media can keep students interested in class and encourage them to participate in the
discussion. Some teachers create twitter hashtags or message boards students can use during
class discussions to share thoughts and ideas. This can be especially helpful for students who
might not be comfortable speaking in class.
Cell phones can give students access to more information, letting them research more about a
topic while having class discussions. This is especially true for current events that have not yet
been covered in school textbooks.
But also there are cons opinion about this issue.
In case of emergency parents can contact head masters/mistresses or other members of the school
faculty. Emergencies can occur during classes. What is a school child supposed to do in
emergencies?
Students shouldn’t be allowed to bring cell phones to school and excuses like flexibility is really
ridiculous there is no need for that I mean there is already a system that works just fine.
If there is a emergency the parents or guardian should call the school office and then they will
send some one down to inform the child. Plus texting or calling the child wouldn’t make a
difference because you are still going to have to go through the office people to take your child
out of school.
That will be a even longer process and even if a teacher does take their cell phones off them
during class think about during lunch time. Students have the opportunity to misuse their cell
phone such

as text bullying.
Many kids have been affected by this and allowing students to bring their phones to school will
only make things worse. Especially for the teacher, because of the distractions of cellphones.
Students will hide the iPod on a test, so why take the chance of having to have a student retake
the test. It would also give the kids a grade they don’t deserve.
Point being, we learn more from searching and studying that we do from google doing our work
for us.
In the end, it comes down to the fact that cheating is easier, much more accessible, being
distracted, playing games is right at the finger tips of the students. Then comes the whole
“listening to the music while the teachers trying to talk”… not a good idea.
Then it comes down to money.
If you want to eliminate paper and such and have all documents on a laptop or another sort of
hand-held device (tablet, mp3 player, phone) then schools could eliminate books, worksheets
etcetera.
But this means every student needs to have the same device, so that the teacher can provide
documents (in the same file format). This also means that every parent or school district needs to
dish out so much money for very student to have said electronic device.

This means instead of $40 for a lost text book, its $200-500 for the electronic device that’s lost
or stolen. This would increase “crime rate” in schools!
Overall its expensive, allow for kids to cheat, get distracted and learn in less effective way. The
idea of it sounds nice, but its not as good as the first glance.
Cell phones should not be allowed in schools because if the students get bored, they might use
them to play games or do other activities that distract their attention from learning.
In case of family emergency, the teachers have a cell phone and the parents could call them.
For the past 5 years, the 22-year teaching veteran has worked to transition his ninth-grade World
History and AP Government classrooms into a mobile device-friendly environment where
students can incorporate the latest technology into the learning process. Along the way, Halla
created three of the most used education blogs in the country to help fellow humanities teachers
incorporate more technology and more device-based learning into their own classrooms.
“Not every classroom can get a laptop every day, so [devices like smartphones], even if you have
to pair up, become something useful for teachers,” Halla says.
“The number of kids with phones has just been blown out of the water the last couple of years,”
he adds. “Two years ago, if any of the kids in my room had a phone, it was a dial-phone that
maybe they could text on. And now it’s all smartphones.”
According to data compiled by the research firm Nielsen, 58 percent of American children from
13- to 17-years-old owned a smartphone as of July 2012—an increase of more than 60 percent
over the previous year. And with over 50 percent of mobile phone users in America now using
smartphones, the numbers only seems to be growing.

With their easy internet access, a multitude of education-friendly apps, and the ability to be used
at a moment’s notice (after all, what smartphone-owning teenager would go anywhere without
their phone?), smartphones have all the tools necessary to boost student learning.
Here are Halla’s top tips for using mobile devices effectively in the classroom
In fact, some teachers see the phones as an asset and actually incorporate phone use as part of
their lessons.
Yet another question surrounds what kids are allowed to do with phones during lunch or between
classes. Can they text, call, play games or use other apps then?
In July, california passed a law except during emergencies or other special circumstances, such
as when a doctor determines that a student needs a phone for health reasons.
The Forest Hills Public Schools, in Grand Rapids, Michigan, revised its policy recently so that
students will not be allowed to carry or use cellphones during the school day.
A similar edict is in place at Washington High School in Massillon, Ohio.
A principal expressed his happiness on Twitter about his school's policy: “Looking forward to
seeing faces, not cell phones/headphones this school year!” tweeted David Lautenschleger.
What doesn't seem to be in dispute is that screen-time addiction is a problem for young and old.
Kids fixated on smartphone screens may merely be modeling the behavior of mom and dad.
Heading Level 1
Pro : If teachers are allowed to have their phones, they will have quick and easy access to phone
numbers they have saved if they need to make or take a call. This shouldn’t give them access to
be on their phone during time of instruction. It is, however, useful if there is something tragic
happening at the school or in the teacher’s life, it is important to have communication as quickly
as possible. If teachers weren’t allowed to have phones with them, an emergency can take more
time than needed, when there wouldn’t be much time anyway. Teachers can also use their cell
phones for educational learning Apps with students. Not only can the students and teacher use
the apps to learn about subjects or engage in learning, teachers can also use learning applications
to invoke better time management and studying.
Cons : In case of emergency parents can contact head masters/mistresses or other members of the
school faculty. Emergencies can occur during classes. What is a school child supposed to do in
emergencies? Students shouldn’t be allowed to bring cell phones to school and excuses like
flexibility is really ridiculous there is no need for that I mean there is already a system that works
just fine. If there is a emergency the parents or guardian should call the school office and then
they will send some one down to inform the child. Plus texting or calling the child wouldn’t
make a difference because you are still going to have to go through the office people to take your
child out of school. That will be a even longer process and even if a teacher does take their cell
phones off them during class think about during lunch time. Students have the opportunity to
misuse their cell phone
Heading Level 2
So the conclusion or the summary is, this issue really have a lot of advantages and also
disadvantages. It have a good impacts and bad impact. That’s why we still need to think a lot or
analyze should the teachers have their cellphones in the classroom. Because if we didn’t think a
lot about this issue it can have a bad impact to the learning session in the classroom.
Even though cellphones can use their cellphones to help the learning session with the learning
applications in the cellphones. Cellphones can also be a distraction to the classroom because of
the notifications. Also the students will not focus to the learning session because of the
cellphones
References
Sedge, K. S. (2018, March 19). Should Teachers Be Allowed to Have Cell Phones in the
Classroom? The Warwhoop. https://thewarwhoop.com/5572/showcase/should-teachers-
be-allowed-to-have-cell-phones-in-the-classroom/
Betts, J. (n.d.). Should Teachers Have Cell Phones in the Classroom? LoveToKnow. Retrieved
February 26, 2021, from https://cellphones.lovetoknow.com/cell-phone-guides-how-
tos/should-teachers-have-cell-phones-classroom#:%7E:text=Cell%20Phones%20Help
%20With%20Classroom%20Activities&text=This%20is%20because%20it
%20makes,attendance%20and%20behavior%20management%20easier.
S. (2019, May 2). Should Cell Phones Be Allowed In Classrooms? Oxford Learning.
https://www.oxfordlearning.com/should-cell-phones-be-allowed-classrooms/.
Inside Higher Ed. (2020, January 28). Higher Education Career Advice.
https://www.insidehighered.com/advice/2020/01/28/professor-gives-three-reasons-why-
he-doesnt-allow-cellphones-his-classes-opinion.
Baig, E. U. C. T. (2020, February 5). Should you let your kids have a cellphone in school? USA
TODAY. https://eu.usatoday.com/story/tech/2020/02/05/should-kids-have-cellphones-at-
school/4669488002/
“Should the Cell Phones Be Allowed in Schools.” DebateWise, 10 Nov. 2020,

debatewise.org/3421-should-the-cell-phones-be-allowed-in-schools/.
Graham, Edward. “Using Smartphones in the Classroom.” NEA, www.nea.org/professional-
excellence/student-engagement/tools-tips/using-smartphones-classroom.
Pros and Cons of Allowing Cell Phones
in Schools
RR. Belva Naila Yusuf
Abstract
Our world has been reshaped significantly since the invention of cellphones and this gadget has
definitely come a long way from what it was and so it has reshaped itself into a real powerful
gadget that encompasses an array of features, making it a powerful device. You can do
everything with your smartphone, more simply the whole world is at your fingertips. As cell
phones become increasingly popular among adults and youths and it has become a matter of
public debate whether to allow phones to school or not. Since there are benefits as well as many
disadvantages of using cell phones in school. Many schools face an important question of policy
whether or not to ban phones on school premises. These days many students are carrying cell
phones to class, even elementary school-aged kids, which might have a negative outcome. Cell
phones have surely made our life easier, but they also became a major problem for teachers and
administrators. Technology in the classroom can make it easier for students. It can also create
distractions that make the learning process more difficult. Becoming more technologically
advanced, these devices can take and send pictures and videos instantly, as well as connect to
websites. Many children, now have their own cell phones, with the potential to do an endless
number of tasks, such as looking for answers to certain questions. However, they can also
expose us to unfavorable situations.
Keywords: cell phones, benefits, disadvantages, students, school, class
Pros and Cons of Allowing Cell Phones in Schools
Cons : Cell phones, and especially smartphones, can present considerable distraction to
their owners and nearby classmates. Distractions come in the form of text messages, phone calls,
unrestricted Internet access and any number of entertaining applications. When set to run
silently, these phones can also distract both when students are in class and during free periods
that ordinarily could be dedicated to studying. A cell phone going off can be extremely
disruptive in the middle of class, interrupting a lecture or breaking student concentration during a
test. Cell phones don't always simply make noise to inform of an incoming call or incoming text
messages, low battery alerts and alerts from applications can all make disruptive noise or
produce disruptive light.
Allowing cell phones in schools invites the risk of theft. Many cell phones, and
especially smartphones, can be particularly appealing targets to criminals who can remove or
extract user data and then resell the phones.

With most smartphones featuring a fully featured Web browser, the potential for
cheating has grown exponentially. Clever students can subtly look up the answers to test
questions using search engines such as Google or online encyclopedias such as Wikipedia.
If a student has a cell phone particularly one with an Internet connection it reduces and,
in some cases, eliminates his necessity to communicate with other students, teachers and staff in
the present moment of the school day, be it for group projects, school business or simply during
designated social periods. Rather than doing a collaborative brainstorm with her partner, for
example, a student with a cell phone may opt to consult her web browser for ideas to use in class.
These days, cell phones aren't just used for making calls. In addition to sending text
messages, some smart phones technology possess full e-mail and Internet capabilities. Students
who brings cell phones into the classroom can discreetly utilize any or all of these features to
distract themselves from their task at hand, minimizing their exposure to assigned curriculum
and activities. A single cell phone has the potential not only to get one student off-task, but in
some instances, the entire class. The most basic means by which this happens is when a cell
phone rings during the middle of class, diverting students' attention toward the startling noise. A
student with a cell phone may also encourage others to participate in the game on his cell phone
or share information that comes up on the Internet. Students can take advantage of cell phones'
Internet capabilities not only to access extraneous information and games that completely distract
them from their tasks at hand, but also to seek out answers to questions for tests and quizzes for
which they haven't studied. Having a palm-sized Internet connection may give students the
opportunity to cheat discreetly.
Some children take pictures in the bathroom and text during school periods, while some
others text rumours about other kids. Bullying is most common in school life and access to the
cellphone to students increases the chances of bullying as it creates a new possibility for
bullying. Online apps, social media, and other tools increase the likelihood of bullying as they
magnify the effect of bullying. Texts, photos videos, voice mail can be spread through the
cellphone which aids in bullying.
Smartphone emits different kinds of radiations which has an adverse effect on our
health and longtime use of smartphone can affect our eyes emits blue light emitted from the
screen is highly harmful to human eyes. Health issues like irregular sleep patterns, migraine,
weight loss, hypertension, and behavioural issues are some common health issues regarding
cellphone use.
Access to cellphone makes children misuse the technology by threatening someone,
bullying, torturing, doing cybercrime, etc. and get involved in crime. Through the use of the
internet, children can get involved in different kinds of crimes as they are easy to lure. And the
internet allows access to mature content easily and which is a great disadvantage of the internet.
According to a study, one in five teens in the US has received an unwanted sexual solicitation
through their online activities due to unwanted contact with strangers. Most of the children hide
these kinds of conversations from their parents. This is all due to access to the cellphone at an
early age and might lead to sexual crime too.
With the variety of websites that can be viewed on a mobile device, students may use
inappropriate research for their schoolwork. They might use their cellphone to access
pornography during the school day. Even if a firewall is in place, students with a cellular
connection may be able to get around it to view these types of content.

Heading Level 1
Pros : Digital devices offer an opportunity to engage students in a new way. There are
technological resources designed to make learning more fun and engaging, and to foster peer-to-
peer collaboration and project management. Moreover, many of these tools help educators
identify problems in their lesson or among individual students, which can help educators take
effective action. Polling apps, for example, might be able to capture audience engagement and
comprehension more easily than hands raised in a large class.

Having a cell phone on hand enables a student to quickly summon assistance in the
middle of an emergency. Incidences of violent attacks at a school, fires, kidnappings, medical
emergencies and other emergencies can be reported quickly so that the appropriate authorities
dispatched. Without the cell phones available on the scene, valuable time can be lost finding a
nearby phone, dialing out of the school's phone network, and finally contacting the authorities.
Allowing students to carry cell phones gives parents the ability to contact their children
whenever necessary. This can include during family emergencies or when a student may need to
arrange a different method of getting home. Likewise, students can contact their parents to
arrange a ride home when ill, or they can request a forgotten book or project be brought to the
school.
Most modern phones include a GPS transmitter that details the phone's location. While
these transmitters are generally included for use in applications or monitoring the phone's
location for roaming assessment, they also can be used to locate the owner in cases where they've
gone missing. This can be vital in locating delinquent students or those who've gone missing
during school hours.
Since most students have cell phones, some of which have Internet access, school
systems do not have to spend as much money buying and maintaining costly computer labs.
Permitting students to go online for quick research during class reduces the need to resort to
overburdened computer labs. Students whose phones have this capability could sit in class and
use Internet sources for class assignments.
For students who take notes slowly, camera cell phones can take photos of the
blackboard, and phones with recording apps can record lectures. Other students can record entire
class activities in both audio and video for absent students. Also, students can text upcoming
assignments to themselves and their calendars.
Many free educational applications, such as calculators and language-learning apps,
already exist, so both teachers and students can take advantage of these tools to advance
learning. It costs nothing to use these apps for school exercises, since many students already
have these applications on their phones.
We live in an unpredictable world and students need to maintain contact with that
outside world via cell phones in times of disaster, such as bombings and bomb threats, storms,
floods, tornadoes and shootings. Indeed many colleges now employ text alerts to its community
for emergencies, and K-12 schools can benefit from doing the same. Also, students need to
contact parents and other authorities, such as the police and fire department, during crisis.
Cell phones can give students access to more information, letting them research more
about a topic while having class discussions. This is especially true for current events that have
not yet been covered in school textbooks.
Before cellphones, video learning meant a teacher rolling in the television cart, forcing
all students to watch it from the vantage point of their desk. With a cellphone, a teacher can have
students pull up a specific video to watch on their own. With headphones or earbuds, students
can listen to the video without disturbing others. That makes it possible to understand key
historical events from a new perspective, without worrying about an unintentional bias from a
textbook author.
Using social media can keep students interested in class and encourage them to
participate in the discussion. Some teachers create twitter hashtags or message boards students
can use during class discussions to share thoughts and ideas. This can be especially helpful for
students who might not be comfortable speaking in class.
Heading Level 2
In summary, there are compelling reasons on both sides of this divide. The existence of
mobile/cellular phones is still relatively new, and essentially society is still adjusting to its
influence and impact. Hence the position on mobile/cellular phones in schools may continue to
evolve into the future.
The bottom line : should students have cell phones in school? There’s no easy answer.
There are both pros and cons to students having cell phones in school. Although they can be used
as a learning tool in the classroom, this only works as long as students use them effectively. This
means for teachers who decide to use cell phones (or any other digital device) as part of their
lessons, it’s important to set ground rules and keep a close eye on how they are being used.
References
Brock, L. (2018, September 5). Should phones be allowed in school? Pros and cons. The
General Idea. Retrieved from https://thegeneralidea.org/10503/features/should-phones-
be-allowed-in-school-pros-and-cons/.
Earl, R. (2012, May 18). Do cell phones belong in classroom?. The Altantic. Retrieved from
https://www.theatlantic.com/national/archive/2012/05/do-cell-phones-belong-in-the-
classroom/257325/.
Gaille, L. (2018, September 3). 14 Should cellphones be allowed in school pros and cons.
Vittana.org. Retrieved from https://vittana.org/14-should-cellphones-be-allowed-in-
school-pros-and-cons.
Goodwin, J. (2018, April 11). Do cellphones belong in the classroom?. Magoosh. Retrieved from
https://schools.magoosh.com/schools-blog/cellphones-belong-in-the-classroom.
Harvey, A. (2017, November 1). Should phones be allowed in school? Let’s weigh the pros and
cons. Flipd Blog. Retrieved from http://blog.flipdapp.co/should-students-have-phones-
in-school-pros-and-cons.
Hunt, P. (2017, September 28). Reasons why kids should have phones in school. ItStillWorks.
Retrieved from https://itstillworks.com/advantages-disadvantages-allowing-cell-phones-
school-1428.html.
Kishor. (2020, May 5). 16 Pros and cons of allowing cellphones in schools. Honest Pros and
Cons. Retrieved from https://honestproscons.com/pros-and-cons-of-allowing-
cellphones-in-schools/.
Marius, M. (2015, June 26). Pros and cons of allowing cell phones in schools. Ictpulse. Retrieved
from https://www.ict-pulse.com/2015/06/pros-cons-allowing-mobilecell-phones-
schools/.
Meador, D. (2018, June 11). The pros and cons of allowing cell phones in school. ThoughtCo.
Retrieved from https://www.thoughtco.com/embrace-or-ban-cell-phones-in-school-
3194571.
Mendoza, J. (2018, September 6). Student cell phones in school crisis situations : Pros and cons.
LearnSafe. Retrieved from https://learnsafe.com/student-cell-phones-in-school-crisis-
situations-pros-and-cons/.
Miller, B. (2015, August 19). 18 Essential pros and cons of cell phones. GreenGarage. Retrieved
from https://greengarageblog.org/18-essential-pros-and-cons-of-cell-phones.
Nulsen, C. R. (2020, November 9). Cell phones at school : Should they be allowed.
familyeducation. Retrieved from https://www.familyeducation.com/life/kids-cell-
phones/cell-phones-school-should-they-be-allowed.
Riutzel, K. (2018, July 27). Cellphones in classrooms contribute to failing grades : Study.
abcNews. Retrieved from https://abcnews.go.com/Health/cellphones-classrooms-
contribute-failing-grades-study/story?id=56837614.
Schrader, R. (2017, September 28). Bad things about cell phones in school. ItStillWorks.
Retrieved from https://itstillworks.com/advantages-disadvantages-allowing-cell-phones-
school-1428.html.
Yiga, P. (2017, January 24). 13 Critical pros and cons of having cell phones in schools. Yosaki.
Retrieved from https://www.yosaki.com/pros-and-cons-of-having-cell-phones-in-
schools/.
Is it Safe to Keep Exotic Pets?
Rafi Abhipraya Sjoekri
Abstract
Exotic animals such as lions, tigers, wolves, bears, reptiles, non-human primates —
belong in their natural habitats and not in the hands of private individuals as “pets.” By their
very nature, these animals are wild and potentially dangerous and, as such, do not adjust well
to a captive environment. Exotic animals do not make good companions. They require special
care, housing, diet, and maintenance that the average person cannot provide. When in the
hands of private individuals, the animals suffer due to poor care. They also pose safety and
health risks to their owners and any person coming into contact with them. they believe that
wild animals belong in the wild, not as pets. The reality is that a life in captivity is a world away
from a life in the wild. It would probably be illegal in many Country or city ordinances prohibit
the ownership of wild animals as pets. What types of animals do make good pets? Dogs,
domestic cats, guinea pigs, domestic rats and mice, domestic gerbils, common hamsters,
domestic rabbits, domestic chinchillas. The journey for an animal in the exotic pet trade is
cruel – and often deadly. Either poached from the wild or bred in captivity on a farm, exotic
pets are often shipped huge distances before reaching their final destination. Sadly, as many
as four out of five animals caught in the illegal wildlife trade will die in transit, or within a year
in captivity. These animals suffer long before they reach our homes, too. Many exotic pets
suffocate and die in transit before they even reach pet stores. Often, they’re shipped huge
distances, and taken to countries vastly different from their original homes.
Keywords: Exotic Pets, Wild Animals, Dangerous, Illegal, Cruel
IS IT SAFE TO KEEP EXOTIC PETS?
Is it Safe to Keep Exotic Pets?
Exotic animals — lions, tigers, wolves, bears, reptiles, non-human primates — belong
in their natural habitats and not in the hands of private individuals as “pets.” By their very
nature, these animals are wild and potentially dangerous and, as such, do not adjust well to a
captive environment. Exotic animals do not make good companions. They require special
care, housing, diet, and maintenance that the average person cannot provide. When in the
hands of private individuals, the animals suffer due to poor care. They also pose safety and
health risks to their owners and any person coming into contact with them.
Individuals possessing exotic animals often attempt to change the nature of the animal rather
than the nature of the care provided. Such tactics include confinement in small, barren
enclosures, chaining, beating “into submission,” or even painful mutilations, such as
declawing and tooth removal. Exotic animals are inherently dangerous to the individuals who
possess them, to their neighbours, and to the community at large. Across the country, many
incidents have been reported where exotic animals held in private hands attacked humans and
other animals, and escaped from their enclosures and freely roamed the community. Children
and adults have been mauled by tigers, bitten by monkeys, and asphyxiated by snakes. Exotic
animals pose serious health risks to humans. Many exotic animals are carriers of zoonotic
diseases, such as Herpes B, Monkey Pox, and Salmonellosis, all of which are communicable
to humans. The sale and possession of exotic animals is regulated by a patchwork of federal,
state and local laws that generally vary by community and by animal. Individuals possessing
exotic animals must be in compliance with all federal laws as well as any state, city, and county
laws. An exotic pet is a pet that’s wild and not domesticated. Domestication is a selective
breeding process that takes place over thousands of years. Snakes, parrots, iguanas, tortoises,
and even otters – these are just some of the species suffering as pets around the world.
Domesticated species include dogs, cats, and farm animals like horses, pigs and chickens.
There are legal and illegal sides to the exotic pet trade. But legality doesn’t matter; captive-
bred or wild caught – it’s all cruel. And this trade is growing fast.
The journey for an animal in the exotic pet trade is cruel – and often deadly. Either poached
from the wild or bred in captivity on a farm, exotic pets are often shipped huge distances before
reaching their final destination. Sadly, as many as four out of five animals caught in the illegal
wildlife trade will die in transit, or within a year in captivity.
Suffering is inevitable in a life of captivity.
It limits the natural behaviour of an animal and places both their mental and physical wellbeing
at risk. They often lack adequate shelter, food, room to roam, and environment control to keep
their body at the temperature it needs to be.
We believe that wild animals belong in the wild, not as pets. The reality is that a life in captivity
is a world away from a life in the wild. The journey for an animal in the exotic pet trade is cruel
– and often deadly. Either poached from the wild or bred in captivity on a farm, exotic pets are
often shipped huge distances before reaching their final destination. Sadly, as many as four out
of five animals caught in the illegal wildlife trade will die in transit, or within a year in
captivity.
Suffering is inevitable in a life of captivity. It limits the natural behaviour of an animal and
places both their mental and physical wellbeing at risk. They often lack adequate shelter, food,
room to roam, and environment control to keep their body at the temperature it needs to be.
We believe that wild animals belong in the wild, not as pets. The reality is that a life in captivity
is a world away from a life in the wild.

Despite our best efforts we are just not equipped to provide wild animals with the care
necessary to fulfil all their intrinsic needs. While keeping some exotic pets may be less cruel
than others, no wild animal can have its needs met entirely in captivity.
Only domesticated animals like cats and dogs should be kept in our homes, as all their needs
are met. Wild animals have complex behavioural, social, nutritional and psychological needs.
Most people cannot meet the needs of wild animals kept as pets. Wild animals need to be with
members of their own species.
Parrots are the world's most endangered family of birds due to devastation from the
international pet trade. The enormous global demand for these and other exotic pets is fuelling
the illegal capture and trade of millions of birds, mammals and reptiles annually, most of which
die while being captured or transported. You could get hurt by Keeping wild animals as pets,
cause could be dangerous. Many can bite, scratch, and attack an owner, children, or guests.
Animal owners can be legally responsible for any damage, injuries or illnesses caused by
animals they maintain. Finding new homes for large, hard-to-handle animals can be difficult,
if not impossible, particularly since most zoos are unable to accept them. You could get sick.
Wild animals can carry diseases dangerous or fatal to humans. Diseases include rabies,
distemper, herpes viruses, salmonella, polio, tuberculosis, Rocky Mountain spotted fever and
bubonic plague. Wild animals also harbour parasites, such as intestinal worms and protozoa.
It would probably be illegal. Many state, county and city ordinances prohibit the ownership of
wild animals as pets. What types of animals do make good pets? Dogs, domestic cats, guinea
pigs, domestic rats and mice, domestic gerbils, common hamsters, domestic rabbits, domestic
chinchillas.
Responsibly captive-bred parakeets, canaries, cockatiels, doves, and pigeons. Responsibly

captive-bred reptiles and amphibians such as red-footed tortoises, lizards (bearded dragons,
leopard geckos), snakes (corn snakes, king snakes, ball pythons) and frogs (White's tree frog,
ornate horned frog, fire-bellied toad, red-eyed tree frog).
Tropical fish that are captive-raised or collected from sustainable wild populations make good
pets. Look for certification of sustainability from the Marine Aquarium Council when you buy
tropical fish for your home aquarium. We encourage everyone to appreciate and respect wild
animals where they belong – in the wild. We should only share our homes with domesticated
animals who’ve evolved over thousands of years to be our companions, and whose needs can
be completely met as pets. Basic needs not met: At least 75% of pet snakes, lizards, tortoises
and turtles die within one year of becoming a pet, Cruel captive breeding: Artificial breeding
in captivity can cause ball pythons serious genetic defects, Insufficient nutrition: Captive green
iguanas can suffer from soft bones due to poor diet, Unhealthy human contact: Handling Indian
star tortoises can cause them disease and death, Confined in tiny spaces: African grey parrots
fly several miles a day in the wild.
These animals suffer long before they reach our homes, too. Many exotic pets suffocate and
die in transit before they even reach pet stores. Often, they’re shipped huge distances, and taken
to countries vastly different from their original homes.
Heading 1
Many wild animals or we can call it “the Exotic Pets” can carry zoonotic diseases
(illnesses that can be transferred from animals to humans), such as Brucellosis, Salmonella and
Ringworm. They often carry parasites, as well, that can be transmitted to humans or other pets.
Any way you look at it, keeping a wild animal as a pet is a dangerous proposition for all
humans or things surrounding them. Exotic animals are very difficult to take care of, as they
require several specific needs to stay healthy. People should stop keeping exotic
animals as pets because they rightly belong in the wild; where they are not a threat to the
ecosystem. Having an exotic pets not just carrying a disease but it gives us Many can bite,
scratch, and attack an owner, children, or guests. Animal owners can be legally responsible for
any damage, injuries or illnesses caused by animals they maintain.
Heading 2
In Conclusion, Exotic Pets or wild animal can’t be considered as a pet. It could carry
so much disease diseases that could kill all surrounded them and give human a high risk. And
it is not easy for all people or humans to take care or adopt a wild animal to become your exotic
pets or a pet because you need a license so that you have an agreement also and trusted yourself
to take care of the animal nicely. But it still could give a bad impact on us.
References
why wild animals don’t make good pets. (n.d.). AZA News. Retrieved March 1, 2021, from
https://www.aza.org/aza-news-releases/posts/why-wild-animals-dont-make-good-pets-?
locale=en
why exotic animals should not be pets essay? (n.d.). Global Compose. Retrieved March 1, 2021,
from https://www.globalcompose.com/english-101/essay-sample-paper-on-exotic-pets/
The dangerous of Keeping Exotic Pets. (n.d.). Born Free USA. Retrieved March 1, 2021, from
https://www.bornfreeusa.org/campaigns/animals-in-captivity/the-dangers-of-keeping-
exotic-pets/#:~:text=Human%20Health%20Risk,carry%20the%20Herpes%20B
%20virus.
Keep Wild Animals - Unsafe, Illegal, and inhumane. (n.d.). Paws. Retrieved March 1, 2021, from
https://www.paws.org/resources/keeping-wild-animals-unsafe-illegal-and-inhumane/
What’s Animal can’t be Pets. (n.d.). Cheatsheet. Retrieved March 1, 2021, from
https://www.cheatsheet.com/culture/exotic-pets-that-are-illegal-in-the-us.html/
why is it cruel to keep animal as a pet? (n.d.). World Animal Protection. Retrieved March 1,
2021, from https://www.worldanimalprotection.org/blogs/why-it-cruel-keep-wild-
animals-pets
why you shouldn’t keep exotic animals as a pet. (n.d.). Animal Travel. Retrieved March 1, 2021,
from https://www.animaltravel.com/2020/05/04/why-you-shouldnt-keep-exotic-animals-
as-pets/
Here’s Why Exotic Animals Belong in the Wild, Not as ‘Pets’ in Our Backyards. (n.d.). One
Green Planet. Retrieved March 1, 2021, from
https://www.onegreenplanet.org/animalsandnature/reasons-exotic-animals-do-not-
belong-in-our-backyards/
Should Illegal Immigrants be Granted the Same Rights as Citizens?
Raina Verdananisa
Author Note
This paper was written for the research project according to the topic given to me by Pak
Haidar. It is filled with information regarding the topic on should illegal immigrants be granted
or have the same rights as citizens. The information that are in this paper are gathered from
various websites from Britannica to US government websites. References or websites of which I
got the information from are listed in the references page at the end of this paper and are all
listed in APA citation format for websites.
Abstract
Illegal immigrants are people who come into the country undocumented thus leading people to
believe that they are criminals or law evaders. More often than not, these people are just going
into a country for seeking refuge from their own countries that are war stricken or have corrupted
and unstable government. But not all people think that illegal immigrants are good people or just
refugees seeking help or refuge, some people think that these people are dangerous or taking
every single merit good and service such as education and a workplace for granted without
documentation. Further information about these two sides will be discussed more thoroughly in
the following pages of this paper starting from the bad side of the argument to the good side of
the argument. This paper will discuss what arguments does these two sides bring forth to the
topic or the main debate as well as the conclusion for both sides.
Keywords: illegal, immigrants, granted, rights, citizens

Should Illegal Immigrants be Granted the Same Rights as Citizens?
“Illegal immigrants are using our resources, taking our jobs, filling our school, our hospitals and
our prisons and we are all paying for it” is a quote that argues on one side of a coin that illegal
immigrants should not be granted the same right as citizens by Dan Benishek which is an
American politician. However, there are always two sides in a coin as well as there are two sides
in an argument. Christina Rodriguez a professor in Yale Law School argues that people who
immigrated illegally or without documentation still have the right to have many basic rights such
as the freedom of speech and religion and equal protection under the law as people not citizens
but the practice is more complex than a documented immigrant or citizen. This essay will further
discuss the opinion and personal arguments regarding each side of the coin about whether illegal
immigrants should be granted the same rights as citizens or not as well as facts and statements
that support the arguments.
Illegal immigrants should not be granted the same rights as citizens because illegal immigrants
got to the country illegally and without documentation making it unfair for other immigrants who
go live and enter the country with legal ways and proper documentation. Immigrants when
entering a country can enrich the country’s workforce and enhance the quantity and quality of
the human labor available in the country especially in jobs that require minimal education or jobs
that require no degree from a college or university. In fact, 29 million immigrants are working or
looking for a job in the U.S. 21.2 millions of these people are documented and lawful immigrants
while 7.6 immigrants are unauthorized that may or did come to the US illegally. In my opinion,
these undocumented immigrants should not be treated the same way such as have job openings
as legal immigrants with proper documentation because they did not come in the country the
same way. Illegal immigrants have entered the country illegally therefore should be treated the
same way as criminals. They should also not be protected under the law because they are not part
of the US and is not considered as a citizen. A country is a nation that recognizes it citizens as a
part of a country that have legal documentation. If an immigrant has legal documentation and
entered the country legally then the country must acknowledge them as a citizen of a country
which has the same rights and protection under the law as a citizen who was born and raised
there. However, if a person entered the country without legal then the country will automatically
acknowledge them as an illegal immigrant and a criminal because they did not obey the law right
from the start (from when they were entering the country) which then automatically label and
branded them as a criminal. Another statement that can be said regarding this argument is that
why should we finance illegal immigrants through taxes if they don’t abide with our laws by
illegally entering the country? Is that not the same thing as criminals doing jobs that are meant
for the legal citizens and people who are protected under the law and the jurisdiction of the
court? All in all, Illegal immigrants should not have the same rights as immigrants with proper
documentation and legally entered the country because it is not fair to other immigrants who
enter the country legally with proper documentation and is already a criminal by not abiding with
the law of that country.
But there are always two sides in a coin, one for and one against. This will talk about the for,
which is why should illegal immigrants be granted the same rights as legal citizens or properly
documented immigrants who came to the country legally. Illegal immigrants should be granted
the same rights as a citizen and a legal immigrant because there are no illegal people. People who
enter a country illegally such as immigrants without documentation or visas are not criminals
because they haven’t committed a crime, they are just labeled as an “unlawful non-citizen”. The
saying of an “illegal immigrant” is only made up by society because from their point of view as a
law-abiding citizen, they think that people who don’t obey the law are criminals. They are
labeled as criminals because they also associate them with other non-law abiders such as
murderers, corruptors or robbers. Asylum seekers are also sometimes the cause people want to
immigrate from their country to a better country. People who go from a country that has an
ongoing conflict or is unstable sometimes don’t have the documentation to start with because
they are only going to another country to escape or to find asylum and refuge. In the US an
immigrant who don’t have proper documentation can get and enter an asylum. An Asylum is for
an immigrant who fears to go back to their home country because of an ongoing conflict and do
not have residency right or citizenship in any other country. These people are usually immigrants
who stayed in the country without documentation such as a visa above 94 days. When entering
an asylum, a refugee or an immigrant must submit and affirmative Application for an Asylum.
After submitting the application form for the asylum, the people there will hear your personal
testimony. You will not receive a decision right after the interview. If your application is granted
then you will be able to apply for a work permit then apply a green card for one year. If your
application is not approved, then you will be removed from the country or be deported. This
proves that illegal immigrants aren’t criminals because they came here seeking refuge from a
country that are unstable and have ongoing conflict that may or may not be a threat to them in
the future not as criminals who come here to commit crimes or commit a felony.
In conclusion, every problem or question always has two sides one for and one against, just like
a coin. At one side people will agree to it, the other will disagree to it. On why should illegal
immigrants be granted the same rights as a citizen because there are no illegal people. An illegal
immigrant is just a label given to non-documented immigrants by society. Immigrants that have
no documentation with them are just people who need to refuge to another stable country
because their home country is unstable or have ongoing conflict. People also seek asylum in
these stable country’s such as the US in order for them to have a job there and get a green card or
the permission to live and work in the US permanently. On the other hand, illegal immigrants
should not be granted the same rights as a citizen of the country because they came into the
country illegally without documentation and they expect the citizen to treat them equally and
demand to have the same right. It would be unfair to immigrants who entered the country legally
and joined the workforce with a proper work permit. When illegal immigrants enter the
workforce, it decreases the number of jobs that are available for citizens and legal immigrants
with proper documentation and proper work permit given to them from the government of the
state or country. They should also not be protected under the law or the jurisdiction from the
court because they are not part of the country because they don’t have documentation of
permanent residency in the country therefore, they are not considered as citizens in the eyes of
the law. All in all, people have differing opinions regarding the problem of why should illegal
immigrants be granted the same rights as citizens. These opinions regarding the problem ranges
from there are no such thing as an illegal immigrant because they are just people seeking help
from their unstable and conflict ridden country by being refuges to another country that is much
more stable that their own albeit they don’t have proper documentation or have little to none
documentation at all while on the other side of the spectrum, people accuse illegal immigrants
hoarding the workforce in their country thus making citizens have a hard time finding jobs and
people further argued that illegal immigrants should not be protected under the law and the
jurisdiction of the court because they are not part of this country because they are neither citizens
or have a green card which is a permit of working and living in the US permanently that is given
to them by the government or state.

References
(2020, July 30). Get a Green Card. Homeland Security. Retrieved from
https://www.dhs.gov/how-do-i/get-green-card
(2020, May 8). Are People Who Seek Asylum by Boat Illegal?. Refugee Council. Retrieved from
https://www.refugeecouncil.org.au/illegals/
How an Undocumented Immigrant Can Get Asylum in the U.S. AllLaw. Retrieved from
https://www.alllaw.com/articles/nolo/us-immigration/can-undocumented-immigrant-get-
asylum.html
(2020, November 5). Fact Sheet: U.S. Refugee Resettlement. National Immigration Forum.
Retrieved from https://immigrationforum.org/article/fact-sheet-u-s-refugee-resettlement/
Questions and Answers: Asylum Eligibility and Application. U.S Citizenship and Immigration
Services. Retrieved from https://www.uscis.gov/humanitarian/refugees-and-
asylum/asylum/asylum-frequently-asked-questions/questions-and-answers-asylum-
eligibility-and-applications
Jurisdiction. Britannica. Retrieved from https://www.britannica.com/topic/jurisdiction
Budiman, Abby. (2020, August 20). Key Findings About U.S. Immigrants. Pew Research
Center. Retrieved from https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2020/08/20/key-findings-
about-u-s-immigrants/
Frazee, Gretchen. (2018, June 8). What Constitutional Rights do Undocumented Immigrants
Have?. PBS News Hour. Retrieved from https://www.pbs.org/newshour/politics/what-
constitutional-rights-do-undocumented-immigrants-have
Can Students And Over Be Friends on Social Media
Reva Audrey Zahira
Abstract
As the use of social media increasingly becomes arguably the main way that most people
(including schools and their communities) connect, communicate and disseminate information in
our society, schools and their staff face a number of ethical issues. While most schools have
policies prohibiting staff from making or accepting social media ‘friend requests’ from current
students, the lines are often not so clear when it comes to parents or former students. The lines
can be even further blurred for a school’s volunteers or contractors, such as coaches and tutors,
particularly those who are themselves former students or parents. So it is possible to draw firm
boundaries for staff around social media friendship and, if so, where should these boundaries be?
Keywords: Social Media, Student, Platform.
CAN STUDENTS AND OVER BE FRIENDS ON SOCIAL MEDIA
A wide choice of social networks, presented in the modern information field of the
Internet, allows people to realize their self in different qualities and from different positions to
almost every user. The virtual world is attractive for teenagers, for young people, and for the
majority of the adult population. The widespread of social networks among teachers do not leave
the possibility for teachers to ignore them.
Cell phone texting, twitting, whatsapp-ing and facebook-ing are some trendy
developments that have creeped into our classrooms. Nowadays, a lot of teachers communicate
with their students through social media. They might be friends on Facebook, follow each other
on Twitter and there is even a possibility to contact each other through WhatsApp. This has
brought a growing concern that tech has brought students and teachers too close for comfort.
Many educators—especially those under 30—view texting and Facebook as not only the
easiest, quickest ways to connect with students, but also as valuable tools to engage, motivate
and even excite them. To them, social media is an opportunity for everyone in class—not just the
eager beavers who always raise their hands—to participate in the discussion and for kids to
bounce ideas off one another.
On the other hand, some people do not see the reason why teachers would want to
connect on such level with their students arguing that this way of communicating has led to
blurred boundaries and sexual impropriety. They argue that with all that instant interaction,
adults and adolescents can find themselves suddenly in a dangerous territory adding that simple
discussions can develop into a relationship and when emotions get involved, the situation may
evolve into something inappropriate. With connectivity fast becoming the way of life today,
social media has emerged as a kind of standard for connecting with and staying in touch with
friends, family, coaches, and more.
The same applies to students–there’s so much to know even for digital natives who have
grown up in an ecosystem dominated by digital and social media. Platforms like Facebook and
Instagram enable people to share bits and pieces of our life, LinkedIn is more about professional
connections. Twitter lets people share our thoughts and opinions and know what others have to
say. Overall, social media interactions encourage two-way communication between people and
even serve as popular channels to make friendships, apply for jobs, and more. At the same time,
people need to be careful about security and privacy as people use these platforms.
Even before people think about practicing caution with the information people share,
there is a need to be watchful about the people we connect with. Apart from the family, friends
and acquaintances, people may also want to connect with people we don’t know for the sake of
extending our network. But not every other connection may be genuine; people do put up false
accounts these days. If people are not convinced about the authenticity of an account, unknown
or one that claims to belong to an acquaintance, it is important to verify them.
For the Pros, the practical benefit of the presence of a teacher in a social media is the
following: among the students, there are those who for whatever reasons hesitate to ask questions
in the lesson. Sometimes this happens due to shyness because the student embarrassed to voice
some questions publicly. The next reason is that some students need more time to learn the
material, and questions about the topic arise after their lessons. And, if the student may be afraid
of distracting the teacher with a phone call, then the text message on the Internet looks less
intrusive. The teacher can answer this message at a convenient time. Practical experience of using
this technique showed that students more often go to contact the teacher on the Internet (in
particular, by Facebook), better cope with their homework, which has a beneficial effect on
academic performance.
A social network is convenient not only for the student but also for the teacher. Creation
of collective chats allows to optimize extra-hour work with pupils, prepare them for competitions,
carry out practical preparation for the exam in the form of testing, and also transfer necessary for
preparation information, as the social network is not only a communicative platform but also a file
exchanger.
For the Cons, the first of the negative sides of the communication through the social media
is a possibility of sexual harassment. August 28, 2011, in Missouri, comes into effect a law known
as the Amy Hestir Student Protection Act, which prohibits teachers from communicating with
students in social networks, and add them to friends until they reach adulthood.
Its adoption was conditioned by the desire of legislators to protect children from possible
abuses on the part of teachers, including sexual harassment. Such restrictions were the result of a
publicized investigation, which revealed that 87 state teachers had lost their teaching license
because of allegations of sexual harassment in correspondence with students in social media.
After the entry into force of the amendment, teachers will only have the right to create groups or
communities for disseminating homework assignments or educational materials through social
networks.
The second highly important reason is the capability of the students or teachers to use
nonethical statements or swearwords by students on the teacher’s page in social networks. As a
result, in the UK, the National Union of Teachers recommends not adding their students “to
friends” for entirely different reasons. As reported by The Daily Mail, this warning should draw
the attention of teachers to the danger of being humiliated by their students in social media.
The other reasons include that social media takes away the teacher’s personal time after
the end of the day. The probability of using written statements that are taken from the general
context in order to the detriment of the teacher.

Heading 1
The consideration to think about what kind of image will be formed by the teacher in the
social media is indeed a must. It is necessary to refrain from placing on the page any content that
somehow diminishes the authority of the teacher. The page on the Internet is a kind of
continuation of the image created by the teacher in an educational institution. It is important to
remember that the teacher does not have the right to criticize the content of the student’s page.
Despite the fact that communication takes place between the teacher and students in the sphere of
the educational process, the page in the social network is part of a person’s life, the intrusion into
which is prohibited.

Heading 2
In conclusion, everyone must decide this for himself. And only himself. People cannot
force a person to add someone to the ‘friends’ if he or she does not want to. Here we should rely
on common sense and a sense of responsibility for each of us. Despite this being a sometimes
fraught and complicated area, it is an area of risk for schools and their students. Some of the
strategies and suggestions outlined above will hopefully assist schools to seek to manage this
risk. As long as lines are maintained between the personal and professional, the benefits of social
media in the classroom outweigh the disadvantages. If schools and parents are aware of and
approve of social network use for the educational benefit of students, then a heavy-handed
approach can be avoided -- as well as keeping children safe online.
Reference
Fox, Brayden. “Should Teachers and Students Be 'Friends' on Social Media.” Medium, Medium,
28 Mar. 2018, medium.com/@braydenfox/should-teachers-and-students-be-friends-on-
social-media-196859a589a.
Fina, Deborah De. “Staff and Student/Parent Friendship on Social Media-Some Guidance
and Suggestions for Schools.” SG by CS, www.schoolgovernance.net.au/news/staff-and-student-
parent-friendship-on-social-mediasome-guidance-and-suggestions-for-schools.
Reporter, Times. “Social Media Boundaries: Should Teachers and Students Be Friends?” The
New Times | Rwanda, 30 May 2017, www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/213407.
Lee, Katherine. “How Parents Can Children Safe on Social Media.” Verywell Family, 3 July
2020, www.verywellfamily.com/social-media-for-kids-how-to-keep-them-safe-621147.
“Social Media Benefits and Risks: Children and Teenagers.” Raising Children Network, 22 Dec.
2020, raisingchildren.net.au/teens/entertainment-technology/digital-life/social-media.
About The Author TeachThought Staff TeachThought is an organization dedicated to innovation
in education through the growth of outstanding teachers. “11 Social Media Safety Tips For
Students: Technology.” TeachThought, 4 Sept. 2020,
www.teachthought.com/technology/social-media-safety-tips-for-students/.
Care.com. “Top 8 Dangers Of Social Media For Kids And Teens.” Care.com, Care.com, 23 Jan.
2020, www.care.com/c/stories/4275/5-dangers-of-social-media-to-discuss-with-people/.
NortonOnline. “Kids and Social Media: Online Safety Tips Every Parent Should
Know.” Official Site, us.norton.com/internetsecurity-kids-safety-parents-best-practices-to-social-
media-security.html.
Is death penalty Justifiable for Violent offenders
Russell David Aitken
Abstract
A death penalty is the sentence of execution for murder and some other capital crimes
(serious crimes, especially murder, which are punishable by death). The death penalty, or capital
punishment, may be prescribed by any state legislature for murder and other capital crimes. The
death penalty can be imposed for a wide range of offences including murder, rape, false
prophecy, blasphemy, armed robbery, repeated drug use, apostasy, adultery, witchcraft and
sorcery and can be carried out by beheading with a sword, or more rarely by firing squad, and
sometimes by stoning. Since the beginning of 20th century, almost all countries started using
death penalty but it is no longer used in some countries. The pros & cons of death penalty leads
to debate whether it is essential or not? It is very difficult to justify. By 2006, 86 countries have
abolished & another 25 countries had not used death penalty for more than ten years.
Keywords: execution ,Murder, innocent, Penalty
IS DEATH PENALTY JUSTIFIBALE FOR VIOLENT OFFENDERS
Firstly, the death penalty pays proper respect to the importance of the life of the
victim. While others may dismiss this as vengeance and that killing the perpetrator of the
crime will in no way bring back or even compensate the loss of an innocent, the view
from the other side of the coin may be such that this act of retribution will not only bring
consolation to the victim’s family that justice has been done, but also act as an effective
deterrent to potentially dangerous characters in society such that they think twice before
committing such a hideous crime.
The death penalty guarantees that convicted murderers will never kill again.
There have been countless cases where convicts sentenced to life in prison have
murdered other inmates and/or prison guards. Convicts have also been known to
successfully arrange murders from within prison, the most famous case being mobster
Whitey Bulger, who apparently was killed by fellow inmates while incarcerated. There
are also cases where convicts who have been released for parole after serving only part of
their sentences – even life sentences – have murdered again after returning to society. A
death sentence is the only irrevocable penalty that protects innocent lives.There’s no
concrete Evidence showing that the death penalty actually deters crime. Various studies
comparing crime and murder rates in U.S States that have the death penalty versus those
that don’t found very little difference between the two. These inconclusive findings mean
that capital punishment may or may not be a deterrent for crime. No definitive answer is
reason enough to abolish it.
IS DEATH PENALTY JUSTIFIABLE FOR VIOLENT OFFENDERS
Contrary to popular belief, the death penalty is actually more expensive than
keeping an inmate in prison, even for life. While the cost of the actual execution may be
minimal, the overall costs surrounding a capital case (where the death penalty is a
potential punishment) are enormously high. sources say that defending a death penalty
case can cost around four times higher than defending a case not seeking death. Even in
cases where a guilty plea cancels out the need for a trial, seeking the death penalty costs
almost twice as much as cases that don’t. And this is before factoring in appeals, which
are more time-consuming and therefore cost more than life-sentence appeals, as well as
higher prison costs for death-row inmates.
Various iterations of this comment came thick and fast when Amnesty began calling for
the clemency of Australians Andrew Chan and Myuran Sukumaran, currently on death
row in Bali for drug offences. Ironically, with the death penalty, we are not talking about
time, we are talking about the opposite.
Both men acknowledge their crimes and recognise that they must face punishment. But a
death sentence deprives people of the opportunity to reform. Myuran Sukumaran and
Andrew Chan are great examples of reform, one running art classes and the other
studying to be a pastor. Their reform has come so far that a former governor of
Kerobokan prison has argued they shouldn’t be executed.
Australia’s criminal justice system is largely fair, but that certainly can’t be said
of many of the countries using the death penalty. We know that the death penalty is
applied overwhelmingly to the working class, ethnic minorities and other marginalised
groups. This happens not because people in these categories are more prone to crime, but
because they have less access to legal resources.

Ask any criminal lawyer whether or not the amount of legal resources available on a
particular case makes a difference and they will give you a deadpan ‘yes’. Legal support
might not get the verdict is changed, but mitigating circumstances can be presented,
alternate arguments explored and evidence double-checked. All of this makes a
difference to whether a death sentence is handed down.
Capital punishment has existed for millennia, as evident from ancient law codes and
Plato’s famous rendition of Socrates’s trial and execution by democratic Athens in 399
B.C.E. Among major European philosophers, specific or systematic attention to the
death penalty is the exception until about 400 years ago. Most modern philosophic
attention to capital punishment emerged from penal reform proponents, as principled,
moral evaluation
of law and social practice, or amidst theories of the modern state and sovereignty. The
mid-twentieth century emergence of an international human rights regime and American
constitutional controversies sparked anew much philosophic focus on theories of punishment and
the death penalty, including arbitrariness, mistakes, or discrimination in the American institution
of capital punishment.
Not according to the research. There is no credible evidence that the death penalty deters crime
more effectively than a prison term. In fact, crime figures from countries which have banned the
death penalty have not risen. In some cases they have actually gone down. In Canada, the murder
rate in 2008 was less than half that in 1976 when the death penalty was abolished there.
The death penalty system in the US is applied in an unfair and unjust manner against people,
largely dependent on how much money they have, the skill of their attorneys, race of the victim
and where the crime took place. People of color are far more likely to be executed than white
people, especially if the victim is white.
In 1995, Duane Buck broke into the home of his ex-girlfriend, Debra Gardner, in Houston,
Texas, after they broke up. Armed with two guns, he shot and killed Gardner and her friend
Kenneth Butler while Gardner’s three children were in the home. He was tried, convicted and
sentenced to death in 1997.
Although Buck, now 53, never contested his guilt, the decision to deliver a capital
punishment verdict rather than a life sentence has been thrown into question after a review of the
racially charged testimony of an expert witness during the sentencing trial. Psychologist Walter
Quijano, who was introduced by Buck’s own defence, testified that Buck would be dangerous in
the future because he is African American.
Valle, a Cuban national who was convicted of murdering a police officer in 1978, spent 33 years
on death row. During that time he was held largely in solitary confinement – conditions that it
has been argued amount to cruel and unusual punishment that should be banned under the eighth
amendment of the US constitution.
The US supreme court judge, Justice Breyer, voted for a stay of execution for Valle but was
outnumbered by his colleagues. Breyer wrote a minority judgment in which he said: "I have little
doubt about the cruelty of so long a period of incarceration under sentence of death."
Heading 1
Pros: Death Penalty is good for violent offenenders because after all the bad things they
have done for example after they “rape” a young girl/boy and kill afterwards wouldn’t it be fair
if he spends his time in a cell until he is determined when he will be exectuted. The death penalty
guarantees that convicted murderers will never kill again. There have been countless cases
where convicts sentenced to life in prison have murdered other inmates and/or prison guards.
Convicts have also been known to successfully arrange murders from within prison, the most
famous case being mobster Whitey Bulger, who apparently was killed by fellow inmates while
incarcerated. There are also cases where convicts who have been released for parole after serving
only part of their sentences – even life sentences – have murdered again after returning to
society. A death sentence is the only irrevocable penalty that protects innocent lives.
Heading 2
In conclusion, Death Penalty is justifiable for Violent Offenders because they keep the
innocent lives safe and no one will have to experience whatever the victim of this violent
offenders does to them. death penalty pays proper respect to the importance of the life of the
victim. The death penalty guarantees that convicted murderers will never kill again. There have
been countless cases where convicts sentenced to life in prison have murdered other inmates
and/or prison guards. Convicts have also been known to successfully arrange murders from
within prison, the most famous case being mobster Whitey Bulger, who apparently was killed by
fellow inmates while incarcerated.

Reference
1. Chataut, R. (n.d.). GRIN - Is Death Penalty Justifiable? Grin. Retrieved March 1, 2021, from
https://www.grin.com/document/295417
2. Benyamin, C. (2019b, August 14). Is the Death Penalty Justified or Should It Be Abolished? |
ThePerspective.Theperspective.Com/.
https://www.theperspective.com/debates/politics/death-penalty-justified-abolished/
3. Amnesty International. (2019, June 19). 5 reasons some people think the world needs the
death penalty. Amnesty International Australia. https://www.amnesty.org.au/5-reasons-
some-people-think-the-world-needs-the-death-penalty/
4. Your questions about the death penalty, answered. (n.d.). Amnesty International. Retrieved
March 1, 2021, from https://www.amnesty.org/en/what-we-do/death-penalty/death-
penalty-your-questions-answered/
5. American Civil Liberties Union. (n.d.). The Case Against the Death Penalty. Retrieved March
1, 2021, from https://www.aclu.org/other/case-against-death-penalty

6. Staff, A. J. (2017, March 19). Five death penalty cases to follow in the US this year. Death
Penalty News | Al Jazeera. https://www.aljazeera.com/features/2017/3/19/five-death-
penalty-cases-to-follow-in-the-us-this-year
7. Pilkington, E. (2017, July 15). Troy Davis execution: five egregious death penalty cases in the
past year. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/sep/21/troy-davis-execution-
five-cases
Can digital devices replace traditional textbooks?

By Sarah Grade 10 Social
One of the biggest questions on the minds of educators is how much technology is enough in the
classroom. The debate between “textbooks vs computers” has been going on for a long time and
with more technology in the classroom than ever, that debate won’t end anytime soon. Tablets,
smartboards, and other technologies continue to make their way into the classroom as learning
tools for students. The most important part of the learning process is giving students the chance
to connect ideas with what they see in front of them. Textbooks provide students a physical
approach to learning and help them process information in a way that is easier than on a screen.
Students are also able to see their progress right in front of them and understand what they’re
accomplishing as they’re learning. The use of technology in the classroom remains important and
can definitely supplement and enhance a student’s learning experience, but in order to learn
effectively, textbooks should still be used as a central focus in learning. Researchers found that
while students preferred to read digitally and that their reading was significantly faster online,
overall comprehension was found to be better for print. While either medium was fine for
understanding general information, like the main idea of the text, comprehension was
significantly better when it came to specific questions with printed text compared to reading
digitally.
What can teachers and schools learn from this? Don’t be too quick to replace textbooks with
technology but rather, consider the pros and cons and allow for more flexibility when it comes to
learning. While the use of iPads for learning can certainly be beneficial as they can be easily
updated, hold more information in a light device and train kids for a computer-driven future,
educators should be aware of the drawbacks. Using a mix of technology and traditional methods,
depending on which works best according to the situation or subject, could be less damaging on
their learning capacities and lead to better reading comprehension.Since technologies are
growing and influence young learners, a secondary electronic material for teachers was
developed further for them. By preparing a lecture with a multimedia material such as video or
song, teachers are now able to easily captive their intention and engage them by learning with
amusement. Among other things, that is an easier way to manage the class by forming class
groups, intercommunication between students and teachers strongly increased due to technology
used. Compared to a traditional textbook, ebook can be seen as a new digital learning for
developing creative and original sens. Most of schools and training centers are from now on
equipped with ebooks to share resources online and assess upcoming exams. Though teaching
technics differ compared to a traditional class, different factors must be ensure: classroom
management, classroom preparation, language analysis, behavioral aspects, classroom kit.
Overall, textbook will remain a traditional way of teaching with its paper print version
combining a curriculum of a detailed grammar with multiple exercises. Perceived as a new way
of engaging students, ebook can reluct some parts from a traditional book and emphasis the
teaching skills with amusement.
Here are some of the pros and cons

Pros:
-Easier To Carry
With tablets gone will be the days, where little students have to lug backpacks filled with heavy
textbooks every morning. However with tablets, countless words and multiple ‘books’ are all
conveniently stored in one lightweight pad. The contents in a single tablet can be larger than that
of a school library. There are also environmental advantages as well since no paper is used with
ebooks.
-Dynamic & Interactive Learning

Tablets are much more interactive and dynamic than traditional textbooks. With videos,
infographics and a variety of applications, students are able to absorb information in a more
effective manner. Research has shown the usage of tablets in classrooms are correlated with
improved test scores and attendance. Students are much more engaged in learning than
traditional textbooks.
-Up To Date Content

It can be more cumbersome with more lengthy difficult processes to go through when you print
new information on new editions of textbooks. There might also be confusion among parents or
students about which edition is which. However, with a tablet the most relevant and latest
content can be added into their tablets with the simple click of an update button. More than that,
if there is confusion about a particular topic, students can even look up the information
themselves to get the answer.
-More Reactive & Personalized Learning

Tablets have the advantage of providing instantaneous feedback. For example, students will have
quizzes and test marked in applications within seconds. This helps them know their strengths and
weaknesses quicker. Futhermore, data gathered can be analysed to determine what is effective or
enjoyable. Some software applications can retain information like student’s performance and
produce individualized learning programmes based on that data.
Cons
-Inconvenient For Poorer Families
Students in poorer and more rural regions may be inconvenienced by tablets and e-books by a
number of factors. Namely lack of internet and electrical access, students will need electricity to
charge their tablets everyday while also requiring good internet to download new textbooks and
notes. This will undoubtedly put a burden on less well off families.
-More Easily Broken

Having everything in one place might be convenient but on the other hand it could also be
dangerous. Tablets are fragile and with an accidental drop students even teenagers can be
careless with these things. Since they are more valuable than paper, there is a chance that they
may be stolen or robbed from students too.
-More Distractions
Without proper filtering and blocking tools, students may access irrelevant or inappropriate
content during class. There is more temptation for students to give in to the wide array of things
you can do on tablets rather than just follow the lesson. Whether it’s social media, videos, or
games, there will be a risk that students will be using that instead.
-Possible Health Effects

Experts believe that use of digital devices such as tablets contribute to Computer Vision
Syndrome, which causes eyestrain, headaches, blurred vision, and dry eyes. This is because
tablets are usually held close and shows pixilated images. Hence, these two factors cause our
eyes to shift in and out of focus which weakens the eye’s focusing muscle. Rates of increased
myopia have been associated with increased use of digital devices. However, it is not so much
the negative effect of bluelight but more because the lack of sunlight children get when they stay
indoors.
Books have no substitute I believe, they are the best partners but when we talk about textbooks,
it means a load, students carrying on their backs. Gone are the days when people believed in
plenty of books and notebooks. We are living in technology world where everything is
technologic. The most appropriate substitute of textbooks is laptops, tablets and notebooks which
are compact, light and are easy in use. Every year Four billion trees are cut down for making
papers, notebooks, and workbooks and by practicing laptops in our schools, universities, we can
get more clean and fresh air as there would be no more cut down of trees. Although laptops are
quite expensive, but they have enough useful benefits also. Every year government spends huge
amount on replacing textbooks as per changing of syllabus and content. With the help of laptops,
publishers and teachers would be able to update contents easily and more quickly. Students
should be able to use laptops instead of workbooks as It would be helpful for them and
environment too. They can have up to date information, furthermore, using laptops is far more
convenient than buying costly books. Students can do their homework’s and assignments on one
single device. Security measures to protect laptops from viruses, and malwares and malicious
websites, should be done. There should be some kind of software’s to avoid theft and easily
recovery of your data. If students really want to replace textbooks with computer notebooks, they
will have to show responsibility also. The views about use of the Internet are however more
diverse. In comparison with textbooks, Internet sites can offer up to date and valuable
information. Textbooks only have essential theory while the internet can provide good sources of
examples and also make project work easier. Besides all these positive aspects of internet, there
are also some concerns that information on internet could be unreliable, and the websites may
have malwares which can corrupt your data files easily and sites may disappear, and students
may waste their time on internet by using face book, twitter, and other time wasting websites.
Personally I find it easier to read on my textbook, as you can read it anywhere, to read from
books you don’t need electricity to recharge it, hence you don’t need internet all the time. But I
must say, the time we are living in is the time of technology and to get success at any field you
should have knowledge and practice to use different kinds of technologies. Learning on
computer notebooks or tablets is easier, as you can have all of your data in one device instead of
carrying many of books with you. Using laptops would enhance the learning skills as you can
search, from different websites and can collect more informative and valuable data. One most
important thing to remember about notebooks and laptop is, these things demand a lot of care.
You can lose your data anytime if you don’t take care of them properly. In case of breakages,
theft or corrupted files you can lose access to all of your data. The easy way to avoid these
mishaps, the thing you can do is to backup your data in any of storage devices, which are also
available easily in markets. Most important factor we cannot ignore is the country we are living
in is facing much of the electricity crises and to use a laptop to learn from it, you are going to
need electricity and internet of course. In this situation, schools and universities should make
sure the availability of electricity all the time so that students can cover up their work in their
institutes. Government should make policies to overcome these issues and Internet should be
cheap so that every student can get access to it easily. As the Internet increasingly takes over
different facets of life, it stands to reason that traditional educational methods are in line for a
shake-up. Printed textbook information is static, the books are heavy, they’re costly, and they
quickly become outdated. Seeing this, textbook manufacturers have moved to producing digital
textbooks packed with interactive features, lightweight (or the weight of a student’s mobile
device), lower cost, and easily updated with the latest and greatest information.
As illustrated in an article about a high school that’s done away with print textbooks entirely,
learning through a digital medium enables students to: Search for desired information, just like
on Google. Instantly access a library of digital textbooks. Access learning aids like interactive
maps and subject-related speeches and documentaries. Interact with homework-help tools like
sites that grade not only for grammar, but for sentence structure and repetitive ideas. At some
schools the switch to digital textbooks is making waves in and out of the classroom. Due to the
lack of physical textbooks, lockers have become so obsolete that students rarely use them or
schools remove them entirely. Architects building new schools even exclude them from building
plans. As students increasingly carry school items with them at all times, digital textbooks will
lighten their load and provide access to all their materials at any time. One positive of digital
textbooks is undoubtedly their price tag. Digital textbooks eliminate the cost of replacing print
textbooks every few years, since new content can be uploaded anytime. Additionally, schools
can give students access to open-source educational resources—wells of information free for
anyone to use. Possibly the most impactful effects digital textbooks have had are on learning
itself. Print textbooks have immutable information, small margins, and lack engaging
characteristics. Some newly developed digital counterparts, however, such as Apple’s iPad
textbooks, encourage a personalized learning experience.One of the most significant benefits of
tablets in education is convenience. Rather than carrying around several heavy textbooks,
students can carry all of their digital textbooks in one lightweight device. Tablets only weigh a
few pounds, while print textbooks are so heavy, they can cause injuries to students. On average,
students carry more than 15% of their body weight in their backpack, which can result in
injuries, swelling and fatigue. Nearly 8,000 children, aged 5 to 18, had to be treated for
backpack-related injuries in 2017. Increased use of tablets instead of print textbooks could help
make students' backpacks lighter. Tablets can also hold a student's homework, quizzes and other
files. This will help students stay organized, as they will not have to keep track of multiple
papers, notebooks or folders. School districts and educators can also save money by eliminating
the need for these additional classroom materials.Teachers can also easily download items from
one tablet to another, making the transference of files a quick, simple task. Files and digital
textbooks can be stored on a server that teachers can access from other devices. The previous
section introduced the student blog as an opportunity for students to enhance intake. Taking it a
step further, let us now discuss the use of technology as a new twist in the way that students get
information in organized courses. Consider a course where technology serves as the input for
foreign language and the delivery method for the learning structure. Generally on the first day of
class students cheer because it is quite a savings financially; they don't have to spend money on a
textbook. However, as the semester progresses, some students miss having an actual book
because they are used to having an authoritative resource. It is not as clean and structured to have
to sift through all of the input to make the connections and to understand the concepts.
Citation:
“Should Textbooks Be Replaced By Notebook Computers?” Oxford Learning, 6 Dec. 2016,
www.oxfordlearning.com/textbooks-vs-computers/.
Staff, Study International. “Does Replacing Textbooks with Tablets Impact Student Learning?”
Study International, 23 Apr. 2019, www.studyinternational.com/news/does-replacing-
textbooks-with-tablets-impact-student-learning/.
https://www.researchgate.net/post/Can_the_eBook_replace_the_conventional_printed_textbook_
What_do_you_prefer_and_why (gabisa di cite)
Asma. “Should Tablets Replace Textbooks? The Pros and Cons of Tablets.” The Global
Scholars, 9 Nov. 2018, theglobalscholars.com/2018/11/05/pros-and-cons-tablets/.
Syed Zeeshan ツ FollowCreative Executive at Buddies Expeditions (Pvt.)

Ltd.Like15Comment1ShareLinkedInFacebookTwitter0 , et al. “Should Textbooks Be
Replaced by Computer Notebooks?” LinkedIn, 6 Feb. 2015
“Traditional vs. Digital: The Changing Educational Content Landscape.” Kajeet, Inc.,
www.kajeet.net/traditional-vs-digital-the-changing-educational-content-landscape
“The Advantage of Tablets Over Textbooks.” Higher Ground Gear, www.hggear.com/blog/the-

advantage-of-tablets-over-textbooks.
Center for Open Educational Resources & Language Learning, The University of Texas at
Austin. “Foreign Language Teaching Methods: Technology.” Should Technology Replace
the Textbook? | Foreign Language Teaching Methods: Technology
Free wi-fi in the cities: pros and cons

Nevin Nugroho
Abstract
Technological development has been rising for the past 3-4 decades starting from the
invention of the internet, the invention of the first portable computer, and many more. It's been
the staple of today's world for society to engage with each other in an easy fashion by using
technology. For those engagements to work, a term called Wi-Fi is in charge of the process to
connect and enable access for the people to communicate each other. But before the topic
discussion, we need to know what wi-fi is to get an insight on why it might be a good or a bad
thing to use in the public.
In definition, Wi-Fi is a wireless networking system that allows computers and other
devices to connect with one another over a wireless signal. It refers to network elements that are
based on one of the IEEE's 802.11 standards, which the Wi-Fi Alliance has embraced. Examples
of Wi-Fi standards in chronological order which includes such as 802.11a, 802.11b, 802.11g,
802.11n and 802.11ac.
Wi-Fi is the standard way PCs associate with remote organizations. Practically all
advanced PCs have indirectly applied Wi-Fi chips that permits clients to discover and interface
with remote switches. Most cell phones, computer game frameworks, and other independent
gadgets additionally uphold Wi-Fi, empowering them to interface with remote organizations
also.
At the point when a gadget sets up a Wi-Fi association with a switch, it can speak with
the switch and different gadgets on the organization. Nonetheless, the switch should be
associated with the Internet (by means of a DSL or link modem) to give Internet admittance to
associated gadgets. Hence, it is conceivable to have a Wi-Fi association, yet no Internet access.
Since Wi-Fi is a remote systems administration standard, any gadget with a Wi-Fi
Certified remote card ought to be perceived by any Wi-Fi Certified passage, and the other way
around. Nonetheless, remote switches can be designed to just work with a particular 802.11
norm, which may keep more seasoned gear from speaking with the switch. For instance, an
802.11n switch can be designed to just work with 802.11n gadgets. On the off chance that this
alternative is picked, gadgets with 802.11g Wi-Fi chips won't associate with the switch, despite
the fact that they are Wi-Fi ensured.
Wi-Fi is utilized for various purposes like information transmission and remote
correspondence, with utilizing a Wi-Fi association at whatever point conceivable will regularly
bring about quicker, more dependable web access, and It is modest.
Wi-Fi permits remote association for up to 20 meters, it is otherwise called Internet
Routers, you at this point don't require ropes or web associations, it is cordless, Wi-Fi doesn't
represent anything. Wi-Fi is utilized for nothing at eateries or cafés, it conveys Data to LAN and
WAN organization and these organizations permit any association without utilizing strings, you
can take your PC any place you need with the alternative of having a remote association with the
assistance of the switches and the connectors.
Keywords: Wi-Fi, 802.11, PC, internet, development, LAN, wireless
Heading Level 1
Problem areas are associated through Wi-Fi, the phone organizations are upheld by GSM,
It permits individuals to consistently remain associated through Wi-Fi, so it tends to be utilized
for crises. Wi-Fi is as of now associating the Internet to each application that shoppers need
today, it is empowered to the indoor regulators, lights, home security, checking and control
frameworks, apparatuses, and auto items.
Wi-Fi is a solitary innovation that can help make all associations consistent, Wi-Fi
applications with pragmatic uses will have achievement, it has industry-standard security
assurances, and that purchasers can depend on.
Wi-Fi network utilizing WPA2 which gives both security (you can handle who
associates), and protection (the transmissions can't be perused by others) for correspondences as
they traverse your organization, and for greatest security, your organization ought to remember
just gadgets with the most recent for security innovation.
The arrangement of city-wide Wi-Fi administrations has a few benefits. An expanding
number of residents utilize the Internet continually in their schooling, proficient and public
activities. Individuals browse routinely their messages and WhatsApp messages. They utilize the
Internet to discover shops, cafés and historical centers, to contrast item costs and with get a taxi.
Free open Wi-Fi adds to a superior associated society and more coordinated collaborations
among residents and business.
Any civic chairman or government authority executing this public help would see its
fame supported right away. Vacationers and guests in work excursions would likewise discover
their visit more charming. The standing of the city offering such a support for nothing out of
pocket would surely increment. A helpful and mechanically progressed city may likewise draw
in individuals to move in or visit. A decent method to maintain a strategic distance from costly
wandering charges.
By offering free remote association governments are assisting those with less pay and
assets. These activities can be viewed as instruments for strengthening and social incorporation,
as not every person can bear to purchase a PC or get a costly telephone contract with an
information plan. Free open Wi-Fi areas of interest could help individuals from oppressed
foundations to approach possibly extraordinary data, including open positions, wellbeing
counsel, online courses, and so forth.
But such a service is expensive. It’s not close to putting in some hotspots everywhere the
city. It’s a technical operation meaning finance in infrastructure and networks and dedicating
workers to manage it. In alternative words, giving free public LAN access can end in a tax
increase for all voters or in cuts in alternative services provided by the town council.
And what regarding the voters of little cities or overseas within which making a network
of hotspots would be too tough or costly to create? uneven free public LAN services might find
yourself widening the gap between rural and concrete areas.
The lack of security for users is another concern for political authorities and civil society
teams. A public LAN association will be used simply by hackers to steal personal info. It can
even represent a threat for public safety, as anyone might access the network while not being
properly known. this might doubtless facilitate the activities of terrorists and alternative varieties
of criminals.
Heading Level 2
In conclusion, the use of Wi-Fi in public places can be a good or a bad thing depending
on how you use it and what your main use is for. By these possible factors from the
technological terms, it needs to be looked after carefully for the most security of your data and
your information. Dangers starting from hackers seeking for data from people connecting to the
same network which can lead to a threat. The problem instead can also rely on the amount of tax
maintained by the town council. All in all, the idea of public Wi-Fi can quite be a good
investment, but it can lead to bigger problems in the long term as well.
References
Wikipedia contributors. “Wi-Fi.” Wikipedia, 22 Feb. 2021, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wi-Fi.
“What Is Wi-Fi?” Cisco, 21 Jan. 2021, www.cisco.com/c/en/us/products/wireless/what-is-
wifi.html.
“Should Cities Offer Free Public Wifi Access? Why?” Netivist.Org, netivist.org/debate/should-
cities-offer-free-public-wifi#:%7E:text=Free%20public%20WiFi%20contributes
%20to,find%20their%20stay%20more%20pleasant. Accessed 28 Feb. 2021.

Dolly, Justin. “Why You Should Never, Ever Connect to Public Wi-Fi.” CSO Online, 9 Jan.
2018, www.csoonline.com/article/3246984/why-you-should-never-ever-connect-to-
public-wi-fi.html.
Netspotapp software. “Learn about WiFi Standards and the Latest WiFi 6 (802.11 Ax).” NetSpot,
24 Feb. 2021, www.netspotapp.com/explaining-wifi-standards.html.
Kaspersky. “How to Avoid Public WiFi Security Risks.” Www.Kaspersky.Com, 13 Jan. 2021,
www.kaspersky.com/resource-center/preemptive-safety/public-wifi-risks.
Marketing Team. “Benefits of Public WiFi Access: Why Free Public WiFi Is Important?”
Classic Hotspot | Guest WiFi, Social Login and Paid WiFi, 27 Oct. 2020,
www.tanaza.com/tanazaclassic/blog/benefits-of-public-wifi-access.
MyBroadband. “How Hackers Steal Your Data on Free Public Wi-Fi Hotspots.” BussinessTech,
14 June 2015, businesstech.co.za/news/internet/90560/how-hackers-steal-your-data-on-
free-public-wi-fi-hotspots.

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Alexandra Gloria Natasha

Sekolah Cita Buana

essay has been listed in the APA citation format.

Keywords: euthanasia, types of euthanasia

medication for the patient to kill him or herself.

that will eventually negatively affect the patient.

voluntary euthanasia, involuntary (non-voluntary) euthanasia, and Physician-assisted suicide

a state of coma or are unable to make their own decision.

Controversy surrounding euthanasia are caused by individual believes. First argument is

In conclusion, euthanasia is a process of ending someone’s suffering in the most painless

recovery. It is recommended that euthanasia is to be used when there is absolutely no hope in

doesn’t waste resources.

2 December 2016. Arguments against euthanasia. Vivredignite.org,

Euthanasia. Medicine.missouri.edu, https://medicine.missouri.edu/centers-institutes-labs/health-

28 July 2020. Euthanasia and assisted suicide. nhs.uk,

Brazier, Y. 17 December 2018. What are euthanasia and assisted suicide?.

Holland, K. 31 May 2019. Euthanasia: understanding the facts. healthline.com,

ProCon.org. 26 July 2019, should euthanasia or physical-assisted suicide be legal?.

The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica. 13 June 2019, Euthanasia. britannica.com,

Sekolah Cita Buana

Keywords: Experiments, Ethics, Practical, Animal Testing

Animal Testing: Ethical VS Practical

experimentations by the military, space programs, scientists in search of understanding, and

has been questioned.

conducted on living breathing organisms.

animals are feeling.

Arguments against animal testing. Crueltyfreeinternational.org. Retrieved from

lab. The Guardian. Retrieved from

“Science, Medicine, and Animals” at NAP.edu. Nap.Edu. Retrieved from

Ari.Info. Retrieved from http://www.animalresearch.info/en/designing-research/why-

What is Animal Testing?.Crueltyfreeinternational.org, Retrieved from

Retrieved from https://kb.rspca.org.au/knowledge-base/why-are-animals-still-used-to-

Should ESL students pass state tests in their native languages?

What is ESL stand for?

English as a Second Language. ELL stands for English Language Learner.

Keywords: esl, program, students, languages, english

of to show an employer that they have good English.

speakers and often for describing ESL instructors and students.

learner characteristics and gain in writing performance as measured by a standardized writing

assessment in a sample of community college academic English as a Second Language (ESL)

His level of English proficiency is never taken into account.

speak almost everyday.

Retrieved from https://www.edweek.org/teaching-learning/should-english-only-states-test-ells-

and State Practices

Retrieved from https://www.migrationpolicy.org/research/native-language-assessments-english-

No Child Left Behind and the Assessment of English Language Learners.

Retrieved from https://www.colorincolorado.org/article/no-child-left-behind-and-assessment-

Following the American Psychological Association’s Guidelines

awareness of world religions at school, and disadvantages that comes if it to be ignored —

and morality of future generations through education.

Keywords: world, religions, schools, religious, conflicts, society

such as creating a border between people and breaking unity.

build better societies.

than just academic subjects.

by bringing individuals of similar ages with different backgrounds together in socialization.

and build better and smarter societies.

tolerant of other religions, it is a start for religious conflicts to be avoided. It is crucial to be

in; they are world religions.

schools should dedicate more attention to world religions.

integration latent functions. Retrieved from https://study.com/academy/lesson/functions-

Waltner, Alex. (2020). Largest religions in the world. Retrieved from

Universal declaration of human rights. Retrieved from https://www.un.org/en/universal-