HO CHI MINH CITY UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE

FACULTY OF ELECTRONICS AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS

DEPARTMENT OF TELECOMMUNICATIONS AND NETWORKS

Course

DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING

Chapter
Time domain
2

July 2nd, 2021

Lecturer: Tran Thi Thao Nguyen, Ph.D. Email: tttnguyen@fetel.hcmus.edu.vn

 Outline

1. Discrete-time systems
2. Convolution

Lecturer: Tran Thi Thao Nguyen, Ph.D. - Department of Telecommunications and Networks, FETEL, HCMUS 2
 1. Discrete-time systems
A system converts input to output:

x[n] DT System y[n]

E.g. Moving Average (MA):

1/M
x[n]
z-1 1/M
x[n-1] + y[n]
z-1 1/M
x[n-2] (M = 3)

Lecturer: Tran Thi Thao Nguyen, Ph.D. - Department of Telecommunications and Networks, FETEL, HCMUS 3
 Moving Average (MA)

x[n] A
1/M
x[n]
z-1
-1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 n
1/M x[n-1]
x[n-1] + y[n]
z-1 1/M
x[n-2] -1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 n
x[n-2]

-1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 n
y[n]

-1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 n

Lecturer: Tran Thi Thao Nguyen, Ph.D. - Department of Telecommunications and Networks, FETEL, HCMUS 4
 MA Smoother
MA smoothes out rapid variations (e.g. “12 month moving
average”)

Lecturer: Tran Thi Thao Nguyen, Ph.D. - Department of Telecommunications and Networks, FETEL, HCMUS 5
 Accumulator

Output accumulates all past inputs:

Lecturer: Tran Thi Thao Nguyen, Ph.D. - Department of Telecommunications and Networks, FETEL, HCMUS 6
 Accumulator

Lecturer: Tran Thi Thao Nguyen, Ph.D. - Department of Telecommunications and Networks, FETEL, HCMUS 7
 Classes of DT systems

 Linear systems obey superposition:

x[n] DT system y[n]

 if input x1[n]  output y1[n], x2  y2 ...

 given a linear combination of inputs:
x[n]  a x1[n]  b x2 [n]
 then output y[ n]  a y1[ n]  b y2 [ n]
for all a, b, x1, x2
i.e. same linear combination of outputs

Lecturer: Tran Thi Thao Nguyen, Ph.D. - Department of Telecommunications and Networks, FETEL, HCMUS 8
 Linearity: Example 1

Lecturer: Tran Thi Thao Nguyen, Ph.D. - Department of Telecommunications and Networks, FETEL, HCMUS 9
 Linearity Example 2:

Lecturer: Tran Thi Thao Nguyen, Ph.D. - Department of Telecommunications and Networks, FETEL, HCMUS 10
 Linearity Example 3:

Lecturer: Tran Thi Thao Nguyen, Ph.D. - Department of Telecommunications and Networks, FETEL, HCMUS 11
 Property: Shift (time) invariance

Lecturer: Tran Thi Thao Nguyen, Ph.D. - Department of Telecommunications and Networks, FETEL, HCMUS 12
 Shift-invariance counterexample

Lecturer: Tran Thi Thao Nguyen, Ph.D. - Department of Telecommunications and Networks, FETEL, HCMUS 13
 Another counterexample

Lecturer: Tran Thi Thao Nguyen, Ph.D. - Department of Telecommunications and Networks, FETEL, HCMUS 14
 Linear Shift Invariant (LSI)

Lecturer: Tran Thi Thao Nguyen, Ph.D. - Department of Telecommunications and Networks, FETEL, HCMUS 15
 Causality

Lecturer: Tran Thi Thao Nguyen, Ph.D. - Department of Telecommunications and Networks, FETEL, HCMUS 16
 Causality example

Lecturer: Tran Thi Thao Nguyen, Ph.D. - Department of Telecommunications and Networks, FETEL, HCMUS 17
 Impulse response (IR)

Lecturer: Tran Thi Thao Nguyen, Ph.D. - Department of Telecommunications and Networks, FETEL, HCMUS 18
 Impulse response example

Lecturer: Tran Thi Thao Nguyen, Ph.D. - Department of Telecommunications and Networks, FETEL, HCMUS 19
 2. Convolution

Lecturer: Tran Thi Thao Nguyen, Ph.D. - Department of Telecommunications and Networks, FETEL, HCMUS 20
 Convolution sum

Lecturer: Tran Thi Thao Nguyen, Ph.D. - Department of Telecommunications and Networks, FETEL, HCMUS 21
 Convolution properties

Lecturer: Tran Thi Thao Nguyen, Ph.D. - Department of Telecommunications and Networks, FETEL, HCMUS 22
 Interpreting convolution

Lecturer: Tran Thi Thao Nguyen, Ph.D. - Department of Telecommunications and Networks, FETEL, HCMUS 23
 Convolution interpretation 1

Lecturer: Tran Thi Thao Nguyen, Ph.D. - Department of Telecommunications and Networks, FETEL, HCMUS 24
 Convolution interpretation 2

Lecturer: Tran Thi Thao Nguyen, Ph.D. - Department of Telecommunications and Networks, FETEL, HCMUS 25
 Matrix interpretation

Lecturer: Tran Thi Thao Nguyen, Ph.D. - Department of Telecommunications and Networks, FETEL, HCMUS 26
 Convolution notes

Lecturer: Tran Thi Thao Nguyen, Ph.D. - Department of Telecommunications and Networks, FETEL, HCMUS 27
 Convolution in MATLAB

Lecturer: Tran Thi Thao Nguyen, Ph.D. - Department of Telecommunications and Networks, FETEL, HCMUS 28
 Connected systems

Lecturer: Tran Thi Thao Nguyen, Ph.D. - Department of Telecommunications and Networks, FETEL, HCMUS 29
 Inverse systems

Lecturer: Tran Thi Thao Nguyen, Ph.D. - Department of Telecommunications and Networks, FETEL, HCMUS 30
 Inverse systems

Lecturer: Tran Thi Thao Nguyen, Ph.D. - Department of Telecommunications and Networks, FETEL, HCMUS 31
 Inverse system example

Lecturer: Tran Thi Thao Nguyen, Ph.D. - Department of Telecommunications and Networks, FETEL, HCMUS 32
 Parallel connection

Lecturer: Tran Thi Thao Nguyen, Ph.D. - Department of Telecommunications and Networks, FETEL, HCMUS 33
 QA

Lecturer: Tran Thi Thao Nguyen, Ph.D.

Ho Chi Minh City University of Science
Faculty of Electronics and Communications
Department of Telecommunication and Networks
Email: tttnguyen@fetel.hcmus.edu.vn