Assignment On

Five examples of different excipients like diluents, binders,

disintegrants, lubricants, glidants, coloring agents,
flavoring agents, sweetening agents & adsorbents along
with trade name, chemical name and functions.
Course Title: Pharmaceutical Technology II
Course Code: Pharm 341
Section: B
Submitted By:
Name: Shafal Ahmed
Registration Number: 18103060

Submitted To:
Dr. Irin Dewan
Associate Professor
Date of Submission: 22th July, 2020

Department of Pharmacy
University of Asia Pacific

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS
Serial No. Topic Page No.

01. Diluents 03

02. Binders 04

03. Disintegrates 05

04. Lubricants 06

05. Glidants 07

06. Coloring agents 08

07. Flavoring agents 09

08. Sweetening agents 10

09. Adsorbents 11

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Diluents: Diluents are fillers used to make required bulk of the tablet when the drug dosage
itself is inadequate to produce the bulk. Secondary reason is to provide better tablet properties
such as improve cohesion, to permit use of direct compression manufacturing or to promote
flow. Five examples of diluents are shown in the table-1:
Table-1: Five different examples of diluents with their trade name, chemical name and
function.

N Trade name Chemical Functions

o. name
1. Sta-Rx 1500 Starch (Directly
• Used as diluents in tablet formulation.
compressed)
• Used as binder and disintegrants also.

2. Tablettose 80 Lactose • Used in low dose DC formulations as well

monohydrate as for effervescent tablets.
• Used as diluents.

3. Avicel ce-15 Microcrystalline

• Used to extend starches, stabilize foams.
cellulose (MCC)
• Also used as binder and diluents in tablet.

4. Dipac Sucrose 3% • Used as sweetener and diluents in tablet

formulation.

5. Pearrlitol Mannitol • It is used as a diluent in rapidly dispersing

200SD oral dosage forms and as an excipient in
chewable tablet.

References:
1. https://www.pharmaceuticalonline.com
2. www.drugs.com

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Binders: Binders are the substances that bind the powders together in the wet granulation
process. These are added either dry or in wet form to form granules or to form cohesive
compacts for directly compressed tablet. Five examples of binders are shown in the table-2:
Table-2: Five different examples of binders with their trade name, chemical name and
function.

No Trade Chemical name Functions

. name
1. POLYOX Polyethylene oxide • Polyethylene oxide is an effective
WSR 205 thickener, binder and film former
which can be used in Pharmaceutical
tablet formulation.

2. Nymcel Carboxy- methylcellulose • Used as a bulk laxative, stabilizer and

zsb-10 sodium as an emulsifier in tablet formulation.

3. Aquacoat Ethyl cellulose • Used for sustained release barrier

coating, moisture barrier.
• Used as binder and taste masking agent
4. Veegum Magnesium Aluminum • Used as non-migratory binder in tablet
Silicate formulation
• Also used as an absorbent and
disintegrant.

5. Manucol Sodium alginate • In tablet formulation, it may

be used as both a binder and
disintegrators.

References:

1. www.drugs.com
2. www.meggle-pharma.com

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Disintegrates: Disintegrates are the agents added to the tablet formulation to facilitate its
breaking or disintegration when it contact in water in the GIT. Five examples of disintegrates
are shown in the table-3:
Table-3: Five different examples of disintegrates with their trade name, chemical name
and function.
N Trade Chemical name Functions
o. name
1. Primojel Sodium starch glycolate • Used as grade dissolution excipient for
tablets and capsules formulations.
• Used as a disintegrant, a suspending
agent and as a gelling agent

2. Ac-Di-Sol Sodium carboxy methyl • Facilitates disintegration and drug

cellulose (Cellulose dissolution in tablets formulations
derivatives)

3. Plasdone S Polyvinylpyrrolidone or • Used as a synthetic polymer vehicle.

-630 Povidone or PVP • Also used as a tablet binder for denture
cleaning tablets.
4. EMPICOL Sodium lauryl sulfate • More widely used as a detergent and
ESB 70 surfactant.
• Uses as an emulsifying agent, binder,
solubilising agent in tablet.

5. Methocel Methylcellulose • Methocels are used as thickeners,

binders, film formers, and water-
retention agents.

References:
1. https://www.sciencedirect.com
2. www.spectrumchemical.com

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Lubricants: Lubricants are the agents added in the tablets and capsules to prevent adhesion
of the tablet materials to the surface of dies and punches, reduce inter particle friction and may
improve the rate of flow of the tablet granulation. Five examples of lubricants are shown in the
table-4:
Table-4: Five different examples of lubricants with their trade name, chemical name and
function.
No. Trade Chemical name Functions
name
1. Talc Magnesium silicate • Used as a filler, coating, pigment,
dusting agent and extender.

2. LIGAMED Magnesium stearate • Mostly used as lubricant, glidant and

MF-2-V anti-adherent agents for tablets.

3. Macrogols PEG 4000 • Used as tablet binders, lubricants, film

(Polyethylene glycol) coating agents.

4. RetaLac Lactose monohydrate • Used as lubricants and filler for

medications.
• Added to packaged foods, baked
goods, and infant formulas as a
sweetener or stabilizer.

5. EMPICOL L Sodium lauryl sulfate • Works as lubricant in tablet

X 28 • Also used as emulsifying agent,
modified-release agent, solubilizing
agent .

References:

1. www.drugtopics.com
2. https://www.sciencedirect.com

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Glidants: Glidants are substances that is added to increase the flow ability of a powder. In
tablet manufacture, glidants are usually added just prior to compression. Five examples of
glidants are shown in the table-5:
Table-5: Five different examples of glidants with their trade name, chemical name and
function.

No. Trade Chemical name Functions

name
1. AEROSIL Silicon dioxide • Used as a glidant to allow powder to flow
200 (Colloidal Silica) in freely when tablets are processed.
0.25-3 % conc. • Also used as an anti-caking agent,
adsorbent, disintegrant.

2. Cab-O-Sil Fumed silica • Used as a matting agent, agent thickener,

and filler in many adhesives, sealants,
plastics, waxes, inks, and coatings.

3. Syloid Slicon dioxide • Act as an effective stabilizer, protectant,

desiccant.
• Used as glidants,disintegrates, anti-tacking,
and anti-caking agent.
4. StarLac Maize starch (15%) • Used as a binder and disintegrant.
• Improved tablet hardness and faster
disintegration

5. Talc Hydrous magnesium • Used as glidant, diluents and lubricant in

silicate tablet.

References:

1. www.drugtopics.com
2. www.pharmaceuticalonline.com

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Coloring agents: Coloring agents are substances which color other substances that are
devoid of color (transparent, white, or gray) or change the color of the substance that already
has a different color. Colorants or coloring agents are used in drug formulation and regulated
by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration to ensure safety. Five examples of coloring agents
are shown in the table-6:
Table-6: Five different examples of coloring agents with their trade name, chemical name
and function.

N Trade Chemical name Function

o. name
1. Titanium Titanium dioxide • Commonly used as pigment for
dioxide E17
pharmaceutical products such as gelatin
capsules, tablet coatings.

2. Indigotine Indigo carmine • This dye is frequently used in tablet coating

e132 that is known to be less stable in light1.

3. Sunset FD&C Yellow 6 • This colorant used in drug dosage forms

Yellow FCF such as tablets and capsules
(E110 sunset
• Used in foods (candy, desserts, snacks,
yellow)
sauces, and preserved fruits), cosmetics

4. Tartrazine Tartrazine (FD&C • Commonly used to dye dosage forms such

supra yellow 5) as tablets, capsules, vitamins and antacids
(imparts a lemon-yellow color)

5. Brilliant FD&C blue-1 • Used as a blue coloring agent for processed

Blue food, medications

References:
1. www.sciencedirect.com
2. https://www.researchgate.net

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Flavoring agents: Flavoring agents are those substances which are added to increase
palatability of drugs or to improve the quality of taste of a drug. Five examples of flavoring
agents are shown in the table-7:
Table-7: Five different examples of flavoring agents with their trade name, chemical
name and function.
N Trade Chemical Functions
o. name name
1. Rhodiarome Ethyl Vanillin • Used in medicines to mask unpleasant
odors or flavors.
• Used in food industry to flavor chocolate,
baked goods, and ice cream.

2. Wintergreen Methyl Salicylate • Used as a flavoring agent in troches,

oil lozenges, chewing gum.
• Added as antiseptic in mouthwash
solutions.

3. Pepogest Peppermint Oil • Used as an active ingredient in

topical analgesics for the relief of joint and
muscle pain.
• Used as a flavoring agent in foods and
drugs.
4. Eugenol Clove Oil • Used as a flavoring agents in medicines,
Essential foods, teas etc.
• Also used topically to treat toothache.

5. Acerbine Malic acid

• Used as acidulant.
• Used as flavoring agent.
• Used as chelating agent.

References:
1. www.spectrumchemical.com
2. https://www.pharmaceuticalonline.com

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Sweetening agents: Sweetening agents are the agents used to increase the sweetness level
of the drug which increases overall palatability that is used only in chewable tablets to exclude
or limit the use of sugar in the tablets.. Five examples of sweetening agents are shown in the
table-8:
Table-8: Five different examples of sweetening agents with their trade name, chemical
name and function.

N Trade Chemical Functions

o. name name
1. Sweet'N Low Saccharine
• Used as a non-caloric sweetening agent
• Mask the taste of food, beverages and
medications

2. Nutrasweet Aspartame
• Used in pharmaceutical products, often as a
sugar replacement in chewable tablets and
sugar-free liquids.

3. SucraveN Sucrose • Often used in medications to impart a more

pleasant taste to often unpalatable
chemicals.
4. PENITOL-G Mannitol • Used in pharmaceutical products as a
sweeting agent, tablet and capsule diluent,
excipient for chewable tablets.

5. • Used as a laxative to relieve constipation

NEOSORB Sorbitol
• Used as a urologic irrigating fluid

References:
1.www.scielo.br
2.www.medex.com.bd

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Adsorbents: Adsorbents are capable of retaining large quantities of liquid without becoming
wet. For example, Silicon dioxide is capable of holding up to 50% of its weight of water and
appear as free flowing powders. For this parameter silicon dioxide used in vitamin E tablets.
Five examples of adsorbents are shown in the table-9:
Table-9: Five different examples of adsorbents with their trade name, chemical name and
function.
No. Trade Chemical name Functions
name
1. ALBAGEL Bentonite • Used as filler in pharmaceuticals due to
4446 its absorption/adsorption functions.
• Also used as personal care products and
cosmetics.

2. Actidose- Activated Charcoal • Used in the emergency treatment of

Aqua certain kinds of poisoning.
• It Helps prevent the poison from being
absorbed from the stomach into the
body.

3. ZSM - 5 Zeolite • Helps in adsorption.

• Having Cation exchange capacity,
Antioxidant capacity.
4. Magan Magnesium
• Used as an anticaking agent.
Salicylate • Used cosmetically in talcum and baby
powder as an adsorbent.
5. Slaked lime Calcium hydroxide • Used an adsorbent for the removal of
basic dyes from aqueous solution.

References:
1.www.pharmtech.com
2.www.pharmapproach.com

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