Normalized Wave Functions for Hydrogen Atom

s orbitals
Quantum numbers
n ℓ mℓ
32
− Ζr
1 Z a0
1 0 0 ψ 1s =   e
π  a0 
32 Ζ
1 Z  Ζ  − r
2 0 0 ψ 2s =   2− r  e 2a0
4 2π  a0   a0 
32 Ζ
1 Z  18Ζ 2Ζ 2 2  − 3a0 r
3 0 0 ψ 3s =    27 − r + r e
81 3π  a 0   a0 a02 

Radial Wave Functions R(r) for Hydrogen Atom

Quantum numbers
n ℓ R(r)
32
− Ζr
Z
1 0 2   e a0
 a0 
32 Ζ
 1  Z   Ζ  − 2a0 r
2 0    2− re
 2 2   ao   a0 
32 Ζ
 2  Z   18Ζ 2Ζ 2  − r
3 0     27 − r + 2 r 2  e 3a0
 81 3   ao   a0 a0 

Angular Wave Functions ΘΦ(Өφ) for Hydrogen Atom

Quantum numbers
ℓ mℓ
1
0 0 2 π

a0 = (4 π ε0 ħ n2) / (me e2 Z)
Radial Plots of the 1s Orbital

Angular Plot Angular Probability Plot

Electron Density (Contour) Plot

1s 2s 3s 4s 5s 6s
Normalized Wave Functions for Hydrogen Atom
p orbitals
Quantum numbers
n ℓ mℓ
32 Z
1 Z Z − 2a0 r
2 1 0 ψ 2pz =   re cosθ
4 2π  a 0  a0
32 Z
1 Z Z − 2a0 r
2 1 ±1 ψ 2px ,2py =   re sinθ cosφ
4 2π  a 0  a0
32 Z
2 Z  6Z Z 2 2  − 3a0 r
3 1 0 ψ 3pz =    r − r e cosθ
81 π  a0   a0 a02 
32 Z
2 Z  6Z Z 2 2  − 3a0 r
3 1 ±1 ψ 3px ,py =    r − 2 r e sinθ cosφ
81 π  a 0   a0 a0 

Radial Wave Functions R(r) for Hydrogen Atom

Quantum numbers
n ℓ R(r)
32 Z
 1   Z  Z − 2ao r
2 1    re
 2 6   ao  ao
32 Z
 4  Z   6Z Z 2 2  − 3a0 r
3 1     r − r e
 81 6   ao   a0 a02 

Angular Wave Functions ΘΦ(Өφ) for Hydrogen Atom

Quantum numbers
ℓ mℓ
1 3
1 0 cos θ
2 π

1 3
±1 ( sin θ cosφ )
2 π

a0 = (4 π ε0 ħ n2) / (me e2 Z)
Radial Plots of the 2p Orbital

Radial Plots of the 3p Orbital

Angular Plot
Angular Probability Plot

Electron Density (Contour) Plot

2p 3p 4p 5p 6p
Normalized Wave Functions for Hydrogen Atom
d orbitals
Quantum numbers
n ℓ mℓ
32 Z
Z
1 Z 2 2 − 3a0 r
3 2 0 ψ 3d 2
z
=  
81 6π  a0  a02
re ( 3cos2θ − 1)
32 Ze
2 Z Z 2 2 − 3a0 r
3 2 ±1 ψ 3dxz ,3dyz =   re sinθ cosθ cosφ
81 π  a0  a02
32 Z
1 Z Z 2 2 − 3a0 r 2
3 2 ±2 ψ 3dxy ,3d 2 =   re sin θ cos2φ
x −y 2
81 2π  a0  a02

Radial Wave Functions R(r) for Hydrogen Atom

Quantum numbers
n ℓ R(r)
32 Z
 4   Z  Z 2 2 − 3ao
3 2    2
r e
 81 30   ao  a 0

Angular Wave Functions ΘΦ(Өφ) for Hydrogen Atom

Quantum numbers
ℓ mℓ
1 5
2 0 4 π
( 3cos2θ − 1)
1 15
±1 cos θ sin θ cos φ
2 π

1 15
±2 sin 2θ cos 2φ
4 π

a0 = (4 π ε0 ħ n2) / (me e2 Z)
Radial Plots of the 3d Orbital

Angular Plot

Angular Probability Plot

Electron Density (Contour) Plot

3 dx2 – y2 3 dx2 – y2 3 dz2