PRACTICE WORKSHEET ON ACID, BASES AND SALT.

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ANSWER THE QUESTIONS
1.What is a neutralization reaction?

Ca(OH)2 (aq) + H2SO4 (aq) �> CaSO4 (s) + H2O

2.What will be the products of the following reaction?
HCI + NaOH
NaOH (aq) + HCl (aq) �> NaCl (aq) + H2O (liq)

3.pH stands for the negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration. True

4.Name two indicators which are widely used in laboratories.

A few common indicators used in the laboratory are:
1. Litmus Paper
2. Methyl Orange

5.Does distilled water conduct electricity? Yes or No.

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6.What are olfactory indicators? Give three example.

in Olfactory indicator is a substance whose smell varies depending on whether it is mixed with an
acidic or basic solution. Olfactory indicators can be used in the laboratory to test whether a solution
is a base or an acid, a process called olfactory titration. Onion , clove oil and vanilla extract
are examples
7.What is the organic acid present in tomato?

8.What are indicators?

Indicators are weak inorganic compounds which change color in accordance with the pH of the
solution.
Indicators dissociate slightly in a solution producing - ions and dissociated molecules. The color of
the ions produced is dependent on the - hydrogen ion concentration.
9.What would happen if a small amount of copper oxide is taken in a beaker and dilute HCI is added
to it?
10.What is the 'pH' of pure water and that of rain water? Elaborate it

pH VALUE OF pure water us 7 i.e it is neither acidic nor basic.

Normal rainwater has a pH of 5.6 (slightly acidic). This is because it is exposed to the carbon dioxide
in the atmosphere. The carbon dioxide gets dissolved in the rainwater and forms carbonic acid (H{-
2}CO{-3}).

11. Why care must be taken while mixing concentrated nitric acid or sulphuric acid with water?
The process of dissolving an acid or a base in water is a highly exothermic one. Care must be taken
while mixing concentrated acid with water. The acid must always be added slowly to water with
constant stirring. If water is added to a concentrated acid, the heat generated may cause the mixture to
splash out and cause burns. The glass container may also break due to excessive local heating.

12.On which factors does the strength of an acid or a base depend? Explain.
The strength of acids and bases depend on how much an acid or base ionizes in solution. A
strong acid or base completely ionizes in solution. In a neutralization reaction, an acid and
a base react to produce a salt.
13.Name the common acid-base indicators used in the laboratory with their color change.
14. (a)What is pH scale and what’s its range? How is it related to hydronium ion concentration?
(b)Explain any two roles played by pH levels of various chemicals in living organisms.
The term pH is defined as the negative logarithm of H+ ion concentration of a given solution; the
concentration being expressed as moles per litre.
Mathematically pH = NEGATIVELlog [H+]
pHstands for: Power of hydrogen ion concentration,
Some important benchmark values in the pH scale are: pH = 7 indicates neutral solutions e.g.,
aqueous solutions. pH > 7 to 14 indicates alkaline solutions and pH < 7 to 0 indicate acidic solutions.
15. Explain the following by giving examples

1. How metal oxides react with acids?

2. How non- metal oxides react with base?
Metallic oxides react with acids to give salts and water. Here metal displaces hydrogen in acid and
forms a salt. Displaced hydrogen adds with oxygen in metal oxide to form water. This is similar to
neutralisation reaction so metallic oxides are basic in nature.

Non-metal oxides are acidic in nature. When a base reacts with non-metal oxide, both neutralize each other
resulting respective salt and water are produced.
Base + Non-metal oxide ⟶ Salt + Water
Example: 
2NaOH+CO2⟶Na2CO3+H2O