SEMESTER I

QUANTITATIVE TECHNIQUES

Course Objective
To enable management students, acquaint with statistical and mathematical
tools to apply in business models.
Module - 1 Theory of Equations:
Introduction, Functions, Expressions, Types of equations – Linear Equations
(one and two variables), Methods of solving Linear equations – Simultaneous
Equations – Elimination method, Substitution Method, Cross Multiplication
Method, Quadratic equations – Formula Method, Factorization Method,
Application problems of equations in business.
Module 2 - Permutation and Combinations:
Introduction, Fundamental principal, Factorial, Definition – Permutation, Linear
permutation - permutation of like things and unlike things, definition –
Combination, Application problems on Permutation, Application problems on
combination.

Module 3 - Mathematics of Finance:

Concepts of Interest- Simple and Compound Interest, Annuities – Future value
of Annuity, Present value of Annuity – Sinking fund, Application problems of
Finance in Business.
Module 4–Descriptive Statistics and Measures of central Tendency:
, Meaning & Definition of Statistics, Objectives and Limitations, Application,
Collection of Data-Sources of information(Data), Method of Data Collection,
Formation of tables, Classification of data, Frequency Distribution –Inclusive,
Exclusive, Open-End. Diagrammatic and Graphic Representations-Difference
between Diagrams and Graphs, Types of Diagrams-One Dimensional
Diagrams-Types of Bar diagrams, Pie Charts, Graphs on frequency Distribution
Histogram, Frequency Polygon, Frequency Curve, Ogives. Introduction,
Definition, Types of Averages, Arithmetic Mean –Methods of solving
Arithmetic Mean –Direct Method, Assumed Mean Method
Module 5 - Measures of central Tendency:
Concept of Positional values –Median and Quartiles-Problems based on
different types of series, concept of mode ,Grouping and analysis Techniques,
some special cases of mode ,III defined Mode ,Application problems of central
Tendencies in analysis and interpretation of data .Locating Median Quartiles
Mode Graphically .
Module 6 - Linear Programming Problem:
Introduction, Formulation of LPP- Decision variables- Constraints- Concept of
Optimization- Maximization - Minimisation, Non-negative function, Graphical
method to solve LPP, Application problems on LPP.
Reference books:
1. Business mathematics by G K Ranganath, Himalaya Publications, 3rd edition
2. Business mathematics by Digambar Patri, Kalyani Publications, 2nd edition
3. Business mathematics by Dorai Raj, United publishers, 6th edition
4. Business mathematics by C M Chikkodi and B G Satya Prasad, Mumbai
Himalayan, Publishing House 2008, 2nd edition
5. Statistical Methods by S.P Gupta, sultan chand and sons, 26th Edition
6. Fundamental of Statistics by S.C Gupta, Himalaya Publications, 10th edition
7. Fundamental of Statistics by Elhance D N, Kitab Mahal, Wholesale Division,
5th edition
8. Business Statistics by D R Agarwal, Vrinda Publications Pvt Ltd
9. Statistics (Theory, Methods and Applications) D C Sancheti, V K Kappor,
Sultan Chand & Sons
10. Business Statistics by S L Aggarwal and S L Bhardwaj, Kalyani Publishers,
3rd Edition.