FUTURITY

TENSE FORM USAGE EXAMPLE OBS.

A:S+shall/will+V(1) -to express a I shall /he will go there Shall is used only
1. Simple
Future I:Shall/will+S+V(1)? habitual/repeated future tomorrow. for the first
N:S+shall/will+not+V(1) action. person.
-to express a future action We shall/they will be visiting
2. Continu A:S+shall/will+be+V-ing which develops at a given Paris at this time next Sunday.
ous I: Shall/will+S+be+V-ing? moment (e.g., at this time
Future N: S+shall/will+not+be+V-ing tomorrow / next Sunday
etc.)
-to express a future action I shall have read the newpaper:
3. Future A: S+shall/will+have+V(III) prior to: a)by the time mother comes
Perfect I: Shall/will+S+have+V(III) a)Another future action; home.
Simple N:S+shall/will+not+have+V(III) b)A future moment of b)by 10 o`clock.
reference.
-to express a future action I shall have been reading for The meaning of
which started : two hours: the example is:
a) before another future a) when mother comes home. I’ll start reading
action; b) tomorrow at 5 o’clock. two hours before
b) before a future mother comes
moment of reference and,when she
4. Future and which is still carried comes, I’ll still be
Perfect A: S+shall/will+have+been+V-ing
out at that particular reading.
Continu I: Shall/will+S+have+been+V-ing
ous moment.
N:S+shall/will+not+have+been+V-ing

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 a) to express a future a) The train to Bucharest leaves The verb adds
action included in a the railway station tomorrow –(e)s in the third
programme[e.g., the at 5 a.m. person, singular.
A: S+V(I)/V-(e)s train timetable / the b) I shall be very happy when I
5. Present
Simple I: Do/does+S+V(I)? school timetable etc.]; see him.
N: S+ do/does+not+V(I). b) in a time clause, to
expresss a future action
simultaneous to
another future action.
- to express a planned I am going to the seaside next Even though it is
future action. summer. not summer yet,
6. Present A: S+be[Present]+V-ing. I’ve planned to
Continu I: Be[Present]+S+V-ing? go, so the action
ous N: S+be[Present]+V-ing. can be expressed
with Continuous
Present.
In a time clause, to express I’ll go out after I have eaten my Since Future is
A: S+have[Present]+V(III). a future action prior to cake. not allowed in
7. Present
Perfect I: Have[Present]+S+V(III)? another future one. time clauses,
N: S+ have[Present]+not+V(III). Present Perfect is
used instead.
8. Simple - in Indirect Speech, He said he would go there the
A: S+would+V(I).
Future- instead of Simple Future, next day.
in-the- I: Would+S+V(I)?
when the verb in the main
Past N: S+would+not+V(I).
clause is in the Past.
9. Continu - in Indirect Speech, He said he would be visiting
ous A: S+would+be+V-ing. instead of Future Paris at that time the next
Future- I: Would+S+be+V-ing? Continuous, when the verb Sunday.
in-the- N: S+would+not+be+V-ing. in the main clause is in the
Past
Past.

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 - in Indirect Speech, He said he would have read the
instead of Simple Future newspaper
10. Future Perfect, when the verb in a)by the time mother came
Perfect- A: S+would+have+V(III). the main clause is in the home.
in-the-
Past. I: Would+S+have+V(III)? Past. b)by 10 o`clock.
Simple N:S+would+not+have+V(III).
Aspect.

11. Future - in Indirect Speech, He said he would have been

Perfect- instead of Continuous reading for two hours:
in-the- A: S+would+have+been+V-ing.
Past. I: Would+S+have+been+V-ing? Future Perfect, when the a) when mother came home.
Continu N:S+would+not+have+been+V-ing. verb in the main clause is b) the next day at 5 o’clock.
ous in the Past.
Aspect
- in Indirect Speech, She said she would be very
12. Past A: S+V(II)/V-ed
instead of Simple Present, happy when she saw him.
Tense I: Did+S+V(I)?
Simple when the verb in the main
N: S+ did+not+V(I).
clause is in the Past.
- in Indirect Speech, He said he was going to the
13. Past A: S+be[Past]+V-ing. instead of Continuous seaside the next summer
Tense
Continu
I: Be[Past]+S+V-ing? Present, when the verb in
ous N: S+be[Past]+V-ing. the main clause is in the
Past.
- in Indirect Speech, He said he would go out after he
instead of Present Perfect, had eaten his cake.
A: S+have[Past]+V(III).
14. Past when the verb in the main
Perfect.
I: Have[Past]+S+V(III)?
clause is in the Past.
N: S+ have[Past]+not+V(III).

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 - to express an action I am going to pay him a visit To be going to
15. To be which will happen in the tomorrow. also has the
going to “near future”. meaning of
intention.
- to express an action It is about to rain.
16. To be
about to which is “on the verge of
happening”
- to express a future action He is to come in a few minutes. To be to is also an
which is “bound to equivalent of the
happen”. modal verb must;
17. To be the difference of
to meaning comes
out of the context
in which it is
used.