Remove Watermark Wondershare

SET UP HIGH CONTRAST Accese Certer Meke he PDFelement

conmpirer ecker
er to
t see

Make the
text and images computer
High contrast amplifies the colour contrast of some When yot velect twe easier to
etiigR they wil
wll anto
atonvlicaly At
High Cotrat
on the computer screen to reduce eye strain and makes
the items Choose a High Contrast
theme
Tum on or off High Cortrast
more distinct and easier to identify. When iming when let
keyboard shotct to ALT
}Dip
pay a tm Eae
waming neccage of
Make cond when
a when tunving
People who are having poor vision can see in a much better way if hwinga seting on i w om
a seting e

Hear tet oro of

and dercriptions read aoud
the display is set to the Set up High Tunon Namator
High Contrast. Clicking on
Namator reads aloid ay tet on
the
Contrast, will open up a window titled, Make the computer easier Tum on Audio
Devcription
ccreen. You
Ye Aveed peakers
Her descriptions of what
to see as shown in the happening in video
Figure 1.1.21. Make thigs on the Ereen
larger
(when
vaable),
Change the sze of tot and icons
Choose High Contrast theme: Clicking on this link opens up
a Tum on Magnifier
a
Magnifler Loons in anywhere on
Personalization window, where one can choose desired
Magntier aroa, lock R "i one the sereen, and
ad mukes
makes n .
any theme plce or
resize i.
everfhimg nhA wa
from the gallery. Make things on the screen eacier to see
Adjust the color and
trenaparency or the
window
Fine tune display etrects borders
Turn on oroff High Contrast when left Make the focun rectangle thicker
ALT+ left SHIFT+ PRINT Set the thickness
SCREEN is pressed. This option enables the user to
of the
blinking curor
Prevrie
High Contrast theme on or off. toggle a
Figure 1.1.21: Using High
Contrast Optioonn
Control Panel Appearance and Personalzation Personalization
Cotrol Panel Home Search Control Panel

Change desktop icon

Change the visuals and sounds on
Clicka theme to your computer
Chenge mouse pointers change the desktop
background, window color, sounds,
Chenge your account picture and screen saver all at
once

Asus
Basic and High Contrast
Themes (6)

Windows7 Basic
Windows Classic
High Contrast1
High Contast#2

HiahContad Rlack HinhContrad Whita

See also
Display
Tesidber and Stert Menu
Ease of Access Ceter Desktop Background Window Color
Harmony Windows 7 Basic
Sounds
Windows Defaut
Figure
Choosing a High Contrast Theme
1.1.22: Screen Saver
You can
also make a None
provision for displaying a warning
turn the Ease of message and producing so
Access settings on. Select the aa
and Makea sound
when turninga
check boxes: Display a
setting on or off.
warning sound
messae
sagewhile ng aakeyboard to
You can also tune when using
up other settings such as Turn on
Narrator, Turn on Audio urning setting on a

Learning
Description, ription, Turn on t.

Computers with Kips ú26

Magnifier, etC
 Remove Watermark Wondershare
e M e e the cemyuter eavie te ree
Mke er maser to see
PDFelement
to see
Make
Make the
compurer
thethe easrer
mingy they will nutomaticafly tart each tie yo log on
When *

nghC e n t r a
**hgh contrest theme We r g hnbcovd thetcdato tum Esse d heses oetrgs en
Chece
m en or off High Corrasd when let AT eh 9*T. PRNT SCREEN k prersed
Degiy awarrg mesuage sen tumrg s teltirg en
Whn ueng tyboerd *heneits te fum E e f A c t e setngs on
M e 3 srd when tumrga ueting en vr d
Dlepday w e r i n g i r i g e weN t u m g a eting on

M a k e a sbemed when uming teting on or e f

Her ted vid rptors resd Wavd

ploud
Hear tet endf descriptkons
OTumentierater
Tum en Newatot orator resd6 sieud any tet i the sereen. You wi reei upesves

Namater resdh eloud any ten on the sereen, You will need speaken

OTumon Audo Deoorotien

gTum e Audhe Deseriptioh
Her desoretcns of wtiats Hspperrg n vtecs (ster bypl sEe
Hear descipiom owaheppanng in vidros (when veleble).

Makr m g c e NAEN Brge Mske thrge or te voer iwger

Change the s t ot tent and kons

3Tm en Magniies Tun en Magte

You can meve agrf er

M a e e a r n d tock hin one mlare creen Bnd mees evehAhing in that area lerger. You can meve

veund
Malr thirgs on the scren teser to see
Mske thirg6 on the soreen easer tg see
Adut the color and trangyareney o the window berdert
pricyda
Fne tune diuplay effects

Mebre the focus etengle thicher Mse tre focus rectargje tioker

set the thicbnesu d the binking ruron Prew U

Setretorendeesirerg auner Pe
m

aO laCancel Aepy
Figure 1.1.23: Normal View 1.1.24: High Contrast View
Figure

USING RECOMMENDED SETTINGS

7 to ask you a series
Choose Get recommendations make your computer easier to use. This section prompts Windows
to
into five
of questions about your physical limitations. Based upon these answers, the questions are broadly categorized
sections namely, Eyesight, Dexterity (ability to use the hands), Hearing, Speech, and Reasoning. This section works
as a

Wizard for obtaining the optimum settings for a user. Once these categories are through, Windows 7 will recommend
certain settings to the user. Ifthe user wishes to accept these recommendations, he can do so by clicking on the relevant
check boxes, thus allowing total flexibility in the customization. Windows 7 recommends the following Ease of Access
features you may want to enable.
Get recommendations to make your computer easier to
use
Ease- Getrecommen. | | Search Control Pane!
Deterity 2 of 5)

Get recommendations to make your computer easier to use Pens and pencils are difficult to use

Arnswes the following questions to get recommendations for settings that can make your computer easier to
A physical condition affects the use cf my arms, wrsts, hands, or
fingers.
se, hear, and use.
For each quesion, select all tatements thet apply to you. When you're done, you can decide which 1 do not use a keyboard
eings to tum on.

Your answess are used to detemine recommended settings only. f another program or Web site wants to
we this infomation to better suit your needs, you will be explicitly asked for permission by that program
Please read ourPrivay tatement online.

Select ll statements that apply to you

Images and ted on TV are ddficut to see (even when Im wearing gla:ses).
Lighting conditions make it difficut to see images on my montor,

lam blind.
lhave another type of vision impaiment (even if glesses coect n

Ned Cancel
Ne Cancel
Figure 1.1.26: For Dexterity
Figure 1.1.25: For Eyesight
Get recommendations to make your computer easier to
9et recommendations to make your computer easier to
use
use
Speech(4 of5)
Hearing 3 of 5) Other people have difficulty understanding me in a conversation (but
uconversations can be difficult to hear (even with a hearing aid). not due to an accent).

Backgrournd noise makes the computer difficult to hear. have a speech impaiment.

l am hard of hearing.
lam deaf.
Figure 1.1.28: For Speech
Figure 1.1.27: For Hearing
lparnina
 Recommended settings
Remove Watermark Wondershare
Thene settings can help you up yor
comptew
belon and selet tha agoens that you mant to
mentt yau
PDFelement
yaur need
to use

Get recommendations to make your computer easier to use funon Navater

Naretor reads aleud any tet an the
creen. Yo willn
) Tum an Magniter gaken
Magnifier aooms inanywhert the sorean, en
Magnifie areund leck m one pica e resineandit maes eveh

Mebe the tocus rectangle icher

Set the thichna

of the binhing curvor Prvie
Underline keboand shonas and mcess
haye

Change Bhe calor and sice af mouse peinters

we RagularBa*
Figure 1.1.29: For Reasoning Lrgewn hefng
EXPLORE ALL SETTINGS Erre
Biack
Large
I inebng
This section of Ease of
Access Center allows all the Prevent windes trom beng
autcmaay arangad w*en
be customized. We will settings to Tun
meved te the
edge ef ha

check each of the sections and on

Audho Descripten
how these help a disabled study
person to use a computer. Figure 1.1.30: Recommended Settings
) Use the computer without a
display: As shown in the
Figure 1.1.31, this section helps in ENe of AcCAN CAoter ANe he

for a person who is optimizing the settings conaputr thot 4 dpAN

blind or has severely

impaired vision. Use the
computer without a display
Turn on Narrator: As discussed Hoar 1et rad aloud
above, Narrator is a Tumon Harator
reader utility. Selecting the
screen Harabar s4i soud
check box, i.e, Turn any tet cn the ren. Yau wd nse4
epakm
on Narrator Tumon Auso Íesiption
helps in activating the Narrator Hear decriplioni ct
and makes it available as utility Set Tet
uhas happening mvadao: (uthen ralle.
soon as the user up to
Speech
Windows. logs on to 4poa tine loax and
fiahung vaua
un of
al unnacewary aninsbon (ohan
Turn poxbde)
Audio Description:
on Ho lcng hcukd

makes Audio
Selecting this checkbox SD econ
Wndour natshcstban &sog bers y apen
Description run as
to soon as you
log on
to Windows. Audio
descriptions explain the events in
Audio Devices and Sound

Leam.abeut additional asaistive

Thernes
videos. teshnelegis onfins
Figure 1.1.31:
Turn off all Using the
Computer without a Display
unnecessary animations: This option turns
animation effects, such as off
fading effects, as soon as
Windows and other elements Make
are closed. the
cormputer easier to
How Cont
long should Windows notification Choase a High
dialog boxes stay Centrast theme

open: This option sets how

long notifications should
when uang
tayhaard dtai ke hum
ÉNa
remain open on the screen before Mata a d
at Asw
ins
they are closed. ahes
benn attng an
a

a a"
ii) Make the computer easier to see: E Tum on Nanalos
This section helps in
optimizing the settings for visual display. Besides fum an
Aaáo
Drasigptan
options like choosing a High Contrast
containing
theme, Turn on Narrator, Change the s e of tet and
Turn on Audio icons
Description and Turn on Magnifier (discussed in n aa Mlapilhu

earlier sections), it
displays the following options as shown in Make bingi n tie uza
the Figure 1.1.32: Adut t C o
der tua saa ca nA

apdrey ot the
ue tune dupiay effects wndon berders

Adjust the color and transparency of the Mats tha lacui saianga oitar

borders: With this option, windowN

you can change the appearance
of Window borders to
make them easier to see.
Figure 1.1.32: Making the
omputers
Learning with Kips
128 Computer Easier to
See
 ktop.
cinetune display effects: This option allows you to customize the appearance of certain items on you
Remove Watermark Wondershare
selectea PDFelement
Fi in
Makethe focus rectanglethicker: This option makes the rectangle
it easier
boxes, which makes to see.
thicker around the currently

thedialog
cursor

set the
thickness
of
c
the blinking cursor: This option allows you to customize the thickness of the blinking
dialog boxes and programs.
in the
Bemove background images: This option helps in making the screen easier to see by turning off al unimpor
Rer
rlapped content and background images.
erlapt
the computer without a mouse or keyboard: Asshown in the
Uset

i c e 1.1.33, this section helps in setting alternatives for input ufer witlhout a mouse or heryboard
Figure

wices. Windows provides two features as alternatives for the

mmoninput devices, mouse and

keyboard, which are, Speech
Recognition
and On-Screen Keyboard
e spereh Het ngritien

Use On-Screen Keyboard: As we have already discussed, the LENN REOSMGdionalastie.iechnglegirk.acime

computer can be used without a keyboard by using On

without
Screen Keyboard. This facility can be activated from this Figure 1.1.33: Using the Computer
Mouse or Keyboard
section by selecting the checkbox of Use On-Screen Keyboard.
You can speak
Use Speech Recognition: Using this option, you can voice commands to work with Windows.
use

commands with the help ofthe Microphone, which the computer will understand and respond to.
In this section, you can manage
Recognition experience iv. Make the mouse easier to use:
Configure your Speech often
Sar Spech Recognition
the settings of the mouse or other pointing devices. Very
of
O Seupmcp the mouse pointer is not easily visible on the white background
Take
Speech Tutonal the work area or certain the ribbon or on the edges of the
parts of
having
L n e e r a

Tain your computer to better understand you window. This all is more troublesome for those who are

ycnpe y Ra k e A d yur v a e Doing h

E t t eyor cnarie m
visual disabilities.
Open the Speedh Reference Card

Change the color and size of mouse pointers: This option

can

Figure 1.1.34: Using Speech Recognition help in changing the size and colour of the mouse pointer to

make it easier to use. Three different sizes and colours are

Make the mouse easier to use

and
available for the pointer, namely Regular, Large,
mouse

This
Extra Large and Black, White and Inverting respectively.
the mouse pointer.
gives us the total of nine options for setting
the movement of the
Turn on Mouse Keys: This option controls
mouse pointer by using the numeric keypad.

it with the mouse: With

Activate a window by hovering over
this select and activate a window by simply Set up Mouse Keys

option, you can

pointing at it with the mouse rather

than by clicking on it.
when
Prevent windows from being automatically arranged Mouse settings

prevents the
the edge of the screen: This option
Lcarn aboutadditional asusthye technofogies onlins
noved to
resized and docked along
Wrom getting automatically
moved to the corner of Apphly
ne sides of the screen when they are

the screen. Figure 1.1.35: Making the Mouse Easier to Use

Learning
Computers withKIPS 129
 be used
to adjustt settings Or the
Wondershare
board as sh
can
section
This Remove Watermark
easierto PDFelement
use:

V.Make the keyboard

keypad insteaA
Figure 1.1.36.
enables a
user to use a
numeric
f a mouse
This option and the acceleration of the
Turn on

pointer. We
Mouse

c a n also
Keys:
increase or
decrease the speed
mouethe
or while using.the

controlthe mouse. Set up Mouse Keys

he ry*bm e mtane m d h e i

Mrewd hedeu

e me

whn mig y b e t A to hm bwe ef Arres

Te p v

he Aeeee Kr oha NUMIOCK

e
Dplay the Menr Key nen en the tae
erw

Figure 1.1.36: Making the Keyboard easier to use Figure 1.1.37: Setting up Mouse Keys
Turn on Sticky Keys: Instead of pressing three keys at once (such
Set up Sticky Keys
as when you must press the Ctrl, Alt, and Delete keys together to Tum on Sticky Keys
Press kryboard shortruts (uch as
log off to Windows), you can use one key by turning on Sticky CN-ALT-DA) one kry & atine
Keyboard shorteut-
Keys and adjusting the settings. In this way, you can press a Tun on
Sicky Keys when
HHTspressed fse tines
When using keryboard shorttus to tum Ezse df
modifier key and it may remain active until another Acces
key is Diplay a wermung message wham turang a sehag cnng

pressed. Make a sound when tuming a seting on a f

Opticons
Sticky Keys can also be turned on or off from the
Keyboard Lock modifies krys when pressed twiceinanw
settings. This feature is useful for those who face Tum off Sbcky Keys when two keys are pressed &once
difficulty in
pressing more than one key at a time (like Ctrl+ Feedback

on Sticky
Alt+Del). Turning Play a scund when modifier krys are presed

Keys will allow the user to press one

instead of pressing all the key at a time Display the Sticky Keys icon on the taæst br

keys together. Clicking on the

Sticky Keys will allow you to further Setup
customize the feature for Figure 1.1.38: Setting up Stickykes
optimum use.
Set up Filter Keys
The keyboard shortcut (Pressing Shift Tum on Fater Koys

Sticky Keys can also be turned Key times) for activating

the 5 gynoe or sow down brid o repeated keystokes and ajust ybede

ON or OFF Keryboard thottut

warning message and sound can from here. The T n on e r Krya when nghe SHFT is paessedfor 3 secoa

the user that

also be turned ON
to indicate to when m g tybcand shertuds to lum Fase of Acesi

Sticky Keys are activated. p a y a waming meiuage when huming a seting ca

Feedback can also be activated if Other options and Make a sound when tuning a setting on or

then OK when the required.

setup is complete.
Click on
Apply and lun cn
Boune Kays
Turn on Toggle y u rerdicnaly boune yeur fingens on a r y
petix ncuk od une
Keys: The
Caps Lock, Num gkysueks

keys are Togele Lock, and Scroll Lock

How kong shoukd the ccmpues wat bedone acsepang

Letters then Keys.

If we press lurn c Repeat Koya and Slow Keya
Caps Lock to obtain
mb you

all the
pressing the Caps Lock all
Capital
he cenpates wl igore brirf bryatrokrs
axcorng

lowercase letters will be again will turn it off

*Gp Repeat Keys and Slow Keys

pe tudt hee to tel iungs

and now
turn
Toggle Keys ON or OFF. typed. Click on the
Turn on Filter Check Box to Mnga
e p when krys ere presued or axtrgted

Keys: Turning
computer recognize onFilter Keys
Dplay the fer Keys * on on the taskbs

Learning multiple key presses as a

will make
the
Computers with Kipsú3 single key press. Due upFitterKeys
igure
Fig 1.1.39: Setting
 of the hand Remove Watermark Key Wondershare
th e
embling
Tinger ne
joints, some people face difficulty in
pressing a PDFelement
to
Instead of a single press of the key, they may press it more than once. For those, Filter keys maye used.
keyboard

Filter
the Set up pzing the
Clicked ON or OFF. The next section allows settings The first check box allows the Fiter Ne
in this
one to turn ONsection.
or OFF the Keyboardsshortcut (Press right SHIFT
to ceconds) for activating Filter Keys. You could also set the message or
Computer to
y a warning
ndicate that Filter Keys is being turned ON or OFF. Click on Apply anddisplay
then OK after sertig
soun.

Keys.

Bounce Keys: While Filter Keys avoids problems ofa key,

in case of accidental,
ac multiple depressions
wish to press
es we may Wish press a
cometimes key more than once. The
Computer should not ignOre e
Her the Filter options section, we can
choose to Turn on Bounce kevs. The time interval after which
Under

mu
keypresses is recognized as a valid keystrokes can also be set from here. If thetime interval between1the

strokes is less thar

nan the time that is
set here, the subsequent
will be ignored.
keystrokes u p Repeat Keys and Slow Keys

Turn on Repeat Keys and Slow Keys: If we click on Turn on

Repeat K
Repeat Keys
nd Slow Keys and then click on the Set up Repeat Keys and Slow
Keys
we can specify the minimum time interval that is required to recognize
the subsequent key presses.

time interval after which the

multiple key presses are recognized as valid
he specified here. Click on Apply and then select OK when
you have
kn

completed the setup.

Figure 1.1.40: Setting up Repeat Keys
Use text or visual alternatives for sound: For those who have difficulty in and Slow Keys
hearing, Windows 7 provides alternatives where one can choose to have
visual clues instead of sound. From the Ease of Access Center, click on Use text or visual alternatives for sounds.

The fist check box is Sound Sentry. IF this box is checked then visual notifications will be provided instead of sound
Thisis helpful for those who are hard of hearing.
The type of visual notification that is required can be set by choosing the Use text or visual aternatives for sounds
When ou seed these setings they wil atomasoly zat adtime you lng en
appropriate Radio button. One can choose to have a Flash active caption e val ces nded dmed
bar, a Flash active Window, a Flash Desktop or no visual indication. Tun on visusal nctfiatbcns tor sounds Sound Semy

Cheose visual waming

Maie tesier to foaus on taskss
One can also turn on Text displays of done
Flash acve Capbien ger

the sound by clicking on the Check Fash active gndo

d e t e t on e sceen. Yeu wd need spedker

Flshdesjtop
Box labeled, Turn on text captions Tum on test capticns fer spoken duaog buhen avaidable)

for spoken dialog (when available). eea

Bipasies Audjo Devices and Sound Themes
Click on Apply and then OK when Leamabeut additicnal asssthe techngleges online

you have finished setting up the Figure 1.1.41: Using Text or

we ya pes CAPS LOa, LM LOCKaSORDL LO alternatives for the Sound. Visual Alternatives for Sound
lme
loge lecby bdag daen the M
LOOK ter secands

Etetep Make it easier to focus on tasks: Clicking on Make it easier to focus on

* s bod sepened keysvokes and dat
a vii.
kebad eyas
tasks is the last option in the Ease of Access Center
This section makes it easier for those who are unable to concentrate for
long periods of time. Several features which were discussed earlier, like
Screen Narrator, Sticky Keys, Filter Keys and Toggle Keys can be set up
aking it Easier to
fasks
Learning
ComputerswithKips 13
 n,
to
addition

Wondershare
automatic lly

In
here. being Remove Watermark
from
Windows
from
PDFelement
prevent

ASSESSMENT TIME

M u l t i p l e C h o i c e Q u e s t i o n s :
have.
***"***'***.
disability.
who
those
c. Hearing
to help b. Visual

Sentry
is
designed

p r o b l e m s
in their .. . *************'*...
1 Sound have
who
a. Learning
those b. Physical Movements
C. Vision
used by
Narratoris
The
Screen

the . .
*******'

.
'******

keys.
are
Lock
a. Hearing Num
and C. Toggle
Scroll Lock, b. Sticky
The Caps Lock,
3 option
i s . . . *****""'******************
Center
a. Numeric
E a s e of
Access
The
Shortcut

a. Windows key+V
key to open
b. Windows key+U
c.Windows key+
******** *******

is used to
The Filter key single key
press.
pressedas a
Recognize
multiple keys
press.
a.
as a single key
Recognize single
key pressed
b.
as multiple
key presses.
C. Recognize single
key pressed
"

**********************"**

High contrastisused..
b. To reduce eye strain c. To reduce noise
a. To reduce blurriness

Accessibility settings
can also be adjusted by.
From the Start Menu, the
7
a. Start> All Programs> Accessories>
Ease of Access Center.
b.Start> AlI Programs> Accessories > Ease of Access> Ease of Access Center,

c. Start> Accessories» Ease of Access> Ease of Access Center.

8. Zoom is used for .. ************"**********

a. Maximizing or minimizing the area b. Colouring the area c.

Clearing the area
9. TheTurn on Mouse Keys option is used to control the movement of the.
keypad. ....
by Using te
a. Keyboard
b. Mouse Pointer
10. The Start
C. Both a andb
magnifier option is used to open .

a. Magnifier
b. Narrator
B.
B Fill in the Blanks: c. Sticky keys
1. To
optimize the Accessibility
2. The settings, first we need to
**************'* ..

Option swaps the

open the.
the screen. colour values and
3. The increases the contrast berwe the
Accessibility options can be
Login Screen. accessed by the
4. Dutton on the bottom-eft can
The Screen
5.
The
Magnifier is helpful for
Shortcut key to Zoom in the people
6. The Views is... suffering from.
menu is used to
display different
Learning modes along with
Computers with Kips3 their. ***********.** ***
 Remove Watermark Wondershare
e...*******"*************** is used to exit the
Magnifier. PDFelement
board.
The.
p a i r m e n t prevents the user from proper handiing of the mouse or Key
*********** *****"*****.

start the
also
key will
***
***

the Window
Windows button while the 'U'
Holding
down
simultaneously pressing
*************** Center

view only the

The ********************.
. magnifiesa rectangular portion ofthe screen around
. . . nelps in making the text on the screen easier to read over long periods or tine
10. * * ' * *******.

d
sound
I...********************..... DOX IS checked then visual notifications wil be
. .
provided instead of
2 hard of hearing.
who are Text tuning
Lens
Windows logo key and plus sign
Dexterity Ease of Access
ColorInversion keysEase of Access
Shortcut
INTSImpaired Vision SoundSentry Control Panel Windows logo key+ Esc

True o r False:
State
Microsoft is not making disabled-friendly products.
Screen Magnifier is not helpful for the people who are suffering from vision problem.
The
helps in changing the colour values and also helps in maximizing the contrast
Color inversion

between the
various things present on the screen.
insertion point.
The Docked view is used to set the mouse pointer, the keyboard strokes, and the
time.
Text tuning
is used to place the text on the screen that is easier to read for a long
5
list box is used to make the voice louder.
The Set volume
Keyboard disables the physical keyboard.
The On-Screen

Announce System Messages' option instructs the Narrator to read out the
events such as Notifications.
Background
locate the cursor.
Cursor width and blink rate
can be adjusted so that it becomes easier for us to
9
portion of the screen and displays it on the top.
10. The Lens view magnifies only a

D. Answer the Following Questions:

What are the most common disabilities for
which Windows 7 provides solutions?
1.

2. Explain one method of starting the Accessibility settings.

Contrast help someone who has weak eyesight?
3. How does changing the display to High
Write a short note on Mouse Keys.
4.
Differentiate between the Toggle key and Sticky key.
5.
6. What is the use of Narrator option?
questions are asked for Recommended settings.
7 Name the five sections in which the

8 Write a short note on:

2. Setting up high contrast.
1. Filter keys

ACTIVIY zONE For Better Concept and Clarity

information about the shortcut keys which are used in Windows 7. This will
Ask the students to get more

help in enhancing their knowledge.

nstruct the students to prepare a presentation on the Accessibility Options.

Learning
Computerswith KIPS 133
 N E T W O R K I N G
FUNDAMENTAR

Remove Watermark Wondershare

PDFelement
SESSION2:
fe
walk of life has generated
the
t
in the use of c o m p u t e r s
in
almost

same
every

data files at separa

need to use
parate locati ons
The rapid increase
One way of doing it is
to keep the
computers
across th the
which are prese
which
to multiple

at thdobe.
diferent locations. computer
frequent transferring
of data from
one

affair which results

in redundancy ofd.
e sar
locations. The c o n t i n u o u s

means
data transfer

sending
is a costly

data
electronically
from one computer

other.
to another to another. It involves increaslini.inekidng sh
Jves
Data shared by the
communication

to be
r e s o u r c e s of
o n e computer
which allows the
communicate through a cable. But the
the .
computers
complex can
example, in which are
Computers located within the
same

t e l e c o m m u n i c a t i o n system
for data communication. For
For

sed case of
far-away locations use a .
system or microwave relave.
Reservation System, communication facilities like telephone to
place
telecommunication system, we can
electronically mail a message
from one to
send te
er and reeve
immediately.

cOMPUTER NETWORK
A computer network may be defined as a group of two or more computer systems or Derint

connected togetherto exchange information and share resources amonga wide range of userc

TYPES OF NETWORKSs
Depending on theirsize,capabilities, and the geographical distance they cover, a computer netwn
follows: can be Cas
PERSONALAREA NETWORK (PAN)
This type of network connection covers a
very small area such as a home or an office cabin.
Besides the computers, laptops,
tablets, smartphones, printers, or wireless
also make up the nodes of this headphones
type of network. This type of network
connections or the
uses
Bluetooth, USB
increasingly popular Wi-Fi technology. It generally covers the range of
less than 10 meters.

Figure 1.21: PAM

LOCALAREA NETWORK (LAN)
LAN is used in an
office building or an
Wi-Fi are used to set educational campus. Ethernet cate
up this type of network. Its range is to 10 km. Nnt
systems connected in LAN up
may vary from 2 to 1000.
LAN provides a useful way of
resources such sharing the resources between ena USet
u

Figure 1.2.2: LAN

as
printers, file servers,
Scanners, and Internet
are
sharable among computers. easily POP(Network
Point of Presence)

METROPOLITAN AREA NETWORK -Fiber Hote

This type of
network is
(MAN)
are used
by large geographically larger than LAN and Central
Ofice

government bodiesorganizations,
like the
having several branches covers
over
city. They a

network uses
microwave
Municipal Corporation, or city or by local a

network. transmissions or fiber the police. This

Learning optic cables to link type of
up the
Computers with KIPS 134 Figure 1.2.3: MAN
 AREA NETWORK (WAN) Remove Watermark
Let's Know More Wondershare
computer
PDFelement
Each node in a
of network. It spans network has a unique
the alargest type hardware address (MAC
h i si s a e v e r a l c i t i e s ,
T o s ss e v e r a l cities
ntries,
cou nt or even the e n a b l e s it
address), which
Since they
use high speed
id.
to communicate

whole world
effectively within the
echnology s o WAN
WANs are expensive network. Access
so network. A Media
Wde AreaNetwor
WANS
sed by
a r eu s e a
multinatic
organizations, WAN)
Control address (MAC
the
assigned by
agencies, etc. They use address) is
avernment
a/lines, g o v e r n m e n t a g e
manufacturer of the

to the netwo Devices used Network lnterface Card

tink up the NIC, a
Router
for transmission are iber optic cables, (NIC). Using
computer connects itself

microwaves, a n d s a t e l l i t e s . to a network.

Figure 1.2.4: WAN

ADVANTAGES
OF C O M P U T E R NETWORKS

nc of
Sharing ofHar
Hardware: Sharing of hardware devices like printers, scanners, or storage
:cuch as hard drives, help in reducing the cost ofthe computer system.
devicesse
Lef's Know More
As the information

Sharingof Software:
ofSoftwa Purchasing software for individual computers is more expensive received at the hub is

software that will be installed on one central computer called as server and simply copied and
t
than buying transmitted to all the
users to access it. nodes on the network,
many
allowing
known as
hubs a r e also
aring files: By using a network, users can easily share documents with each other. This "multiport repeaters.
Sharin
teamwork and increases productivity.
feature promotes

be stored on a central computer or server with a backup system,

arkup: Data can
data loss can occur.
ensuring that
no

be shared; this results

Let's Know More
Since hardware, software, and storage systems
can
Cost effective: Other types of
in cost savings. Networks are:
WLAN:
breakdowns: A breakdown in the
individual computers on the network
Minor effect of Wi-Fi LAN network

VPN:
of the entire network.
will not affect the operation Virtual Private Network.

Networks also reduce the need

for generating multiple hard
Saves paper and Time:
share reports
working in c o m m o n workplace
can

copies of the same document. People

both time and paper.
through the network, which saves

DISADVANTAGES OF COMPUTER NETWORKS

Know the Fact
In a LAN, data transmits at
individual
cost of a network
is lower than that of a very fast rate as the
the running
Initial costs: Although network is higher. Expensive
devices, such number of computersS
of setting up a linked is limited. In WAN,
Omputers, but the initial cost add up to the cost.
server, etc. can data rate is slow since it
rOuters, switches, network interface cards,
hubs, involves increased distance
various issues may crop up
in the day to and increased number of
uministration: If the network grows too large,
servers and terminals.
and optimally, it requires
day network. To work efficiently
operation of the computer
administration. A person just
of its operations and
cnnical skills and know-how

aving basic skills cannot do this job.

server breaks down, the
network's main
Maje c t of Breakdowns: If the computer with the shared
Let's DiscusS
Likewise, in
case of problems LAN vs WAN
oEm would become useless.

Learning
Computerswith Kips13s
 on tthe net
a l the
c o m p u t e r s

or storage
systems,
Remove Watermark orkWondershare
woule ads
PDFelement
software,
resources like hardware,

standstill. programs,
a virus i
infectionin one
by using Anti-virus
Viruses: Unless special
c a r e is

the network.
taken
Oputer ma
the computers on
networks. The security ofth
Security: There is
a danger of hacking,
especially in
firewalls
large
will have to be
installed to prevent network, the
the breach ofs
s

software like
to be monitored and special

NETWORK ARCHITECTURE hardware and their functional ora.

Network Architecture is an
overall design of
a computer
zation and cort
in two different waysS:
Computer Networks are designed
Network Architecture

Peer-to-Peer Network Client-Server Network

PEER-TO-PEER NETwORKS
network, each
Peer means equal and therefore in a peer-to-peer
in terms of the r e s o u r c e s
computer or node is equal to other computers
that it can access and share. All computers in this type
of network act
both as the supplier as well as the consumers of resources. It treats all
devices as having the equivalent capability as shown in the Figure 1.2.5.

Ina P2P Network, each computer shares its resources such as processing
PEER
power, disk storage or hardware such as printers, with other computers
Figure 1.2.5:
on the network.
Peer-to-Peer Networt
CLIENT-SERVER NETwORKS

In a client-server network, there

is a powerful central
more resources than the other computers connected
computerwi
to the networ
central computer is known as the Server and the
other computas
known as Clients or Nodes or
Cont 2 Workstations. The server is responst
ernet providing all the information and resources to the clients as
request. The client sends request to the server for
pet
Server services. Thed
utilizes resources of the server but
does not share its resources w
other computer.
The server
provides all the information and resources to the
Figure 1.2.6: its request. ciene
Client-Server Network
application is what the user sees and Client-Server networks
interacts directly. The typically consist of two parts. The ro t-enda

databases, printers, or high power back-end part interacts with the shared
processors. reo
Table 1:Differences
between
Peer-to-Peer and Client-Server Networks
PEER-TO-PEER
All
computers are equal in CLIENT-SERVER
of resources. capabilities as well as in the othe
use A specific computer, more powerful
than the

as the Server and provides pow

resourcestto
o otherd
on the network.
Learning
Computerswith KiPs436
 Remove Watermark Wondershare
PDFelement
Ork, each computer can request
n e t w o r k

of
services "C server
The server
provides resources,whereas the client a n
this
type

servic o other computers. provides resources,where

n provide

also
request resources from the server.
and can
store iits
store own data.
The data is stored in a centralized computer i.e,
omputer

is also
server
since everY

mputer
c o m p u t e e r

required to provide its f all comouters of the

in the network request o
by thers network,
resources
for
use

be noted when
no
perceptible simultaneously from the
multiple users simultaneously down
s

e f f e c tw i l l

O p e r a t et h e i rc o m p u t e r s
of the server.
Pnetworkis ess expensive. and easier to impleme expensive ana
Client-Server networks are usually more

not so easy to implement.

o ncern with this type of network. the system in a client
is a major tis easy to take measures to secure
ecurity
can be aliowed
server network. Specific computers
access to specific areas of the system.

ented for a smaller number of A client-server world-

usually
implemen
application like E-mail is spread
Iti s is
llimited area. However, certain P2P wide.
located in a However, in many cases this type of network
uters
or
in office buildings
applications like Napster and Bit Torrent are spread across implemented locally also, such as
ionslike
educational campuses.
t h ew o r l d .

SWITCHING TECHNIQUE

it travels
receiver. Information may be switched
as

networks, there can be multiple paths linking the sender and

In large
channels in a digital traffic.
through various
in Data Communication and Networking.
There are three types of Switching Techniques employed
A
the receiver in an unbroken path.
Circuit Switching is a technique that connects the sender and
1. Circuit Switching: landline telephone is an
ends unless the connection is terminated. The
exists between the two
dedicated path
example ofCircuit Switching.
User-AN User-C
Advantage:
dedicated.
Node Node
channel (once established) is
+Thecommunication User-B
Request
Busy User
1.2.7: Circuit Switching
Disadvantage: Figure
connection during
+Possible long wait to establish the

which no data can be transmitted.

all other switching techniques
as a
Most expensive among

NodeA Node D Node G dedicatedline is required.

the message is sent
In message switching,
2. Message Switching: nodes. Each
a series of
Node 8 Node E
Node H
sender to the receiver through
from the and then
stores it on the disc,
receives the message,
node
node.
to the next
transmits the
Host 2
message
Node C Node F
storage-and-forward network.
called
message is
This type of
Figure 1.2.8: Message Switchin9

Advantage more
devices are sharing the
channel.

Char is very high

because Learning
ComputerswithKiPs 13
dnnelefficiency
 temporarily stored i n .
because m e s a g e s
can be
Remove Watermarkhe nodeWondershare
Traffic congestion
is reduced
PDFelement

Disadvantage:
storage is required to s t o r e t

Store and Forward devices

are expensive as large long
Packet Switching: As shown
in the Figure 1.2.9,
in packet essages.
3.
broken into a series
of packets. Each User-A
Switching, the message is
information
of these packets has a header which contains Node
about the destination as well as reassembly instructions User.a
efficient for large Node
Packet switching is found to be the most
Figure 1.2.9:
networks. The TCP/IP protocol uses packet switching Packet swite
technique to transfer messages through Internet.
Switching
Advantages:
Packet switching is cost-effective because devices do not require a large amount of

Switching Circuits Le's Know Mos

Offers improved delay characteristics as there are no long messages in the queue. Circuit-switching
are itea
Packets can be rerouted if the links are busy or disabled.

Many users can share the same channel at the same time.
Communi cai
require dat
Disadvantage:
transmit ed imm
Protocols for packet switching
Packet-switdhing
are more efide
are complex and hence have additional cost in amaunt of de
implementation.
ifthe packet is acceptatle
lost, the sender has to retransmit the data.

NETWORK COMPONENTS
in addition to the computers that make up the terminals of
network, some other hardware a
devices are also
proper functioning of the required for the
network. These are:
swITCH
Figure 1.2.10: Port Switch
A Network
Switch is a device, which
data, processes it, and then connects different
forwards it only to computers and devices on a
on the network. the destination device. It uses computer network.A th
packet switching tecnnigueto transa
REPEATER
A
Repeater simply copies the
when the
network signal is information arriving at its input and
area
having strong weakened or distorted retransmits it from the requireda

outpu
retransmitted by theelectromagnetic fields. The
over a
long distance. This . s e stha

repeater. This is illustrated weakened or

if the happens ne erateda
in the distorted signals at the
diagram below: inpue

Weakened or distorted Repeater aToN vevs Neyeute

signal
Learning Figure 1.2.11: AD
Functioning of Repeater Regenerated
Computers with KIPS 138 a signal
Fiaure 1.2.12: ARep
 Remove Watermark Wondershare
PDFelement
MURS
Orking device which Is similar to a switch. But unlike a witch which transmits the intO
the received Figure
vice, a hubtransmits information to all devices that are connected to it as shown in the
A hub

why, hubs
hubs aare known as dumb switches. Hubs are comparatively cheaper than the switches.
is why,
That

214.
Hub
Oato aaaeoornected
lorwarded
Datas e n tb y

o n e
node

1.2.13: Port Hub

Figure
Figure 1.2.14: Working of a Hub
ROUTER
network to
t
connect one

a
device, which routes the information around the network. It is also
n e t w o r k
used to
and
routeris
destination
The header of every packet of the information arriving at a router is checked for the

to the next device as shown in the Figure 1.2.16.

other

hest route,
the message is forwarded
uSing
Network Router -Example Connections
330 Ft. Wireless

Wireless
wireless
Outdoor Gateway
Sensor

High Spee Wireless Display

Internet

4LAN Cable

Network Router

Computer Printer Game Station

of a Router
Figure 1.2.15: Router
Figure 1.2.16: Working

BRIDGE which is i n t e n d e d
Only data
network is
for the other
A bridge is a device that connects
allowed to cross over the
blocked.
bridge. Else it is

packets between two

and passes
the
network segments that
use

same
communication protocols. A Bridge
Figure 1.2.17: A Bridge
It thus, acts
of a network from another.
bridge blocks off one segment transmits it,
information and
25 a filter. The bridge checks the arriving
1.2.18: Working of a Bridge
as shown in the Figure 1.2.18. Figure
only,ifrequired

NETWORK TOPOLOGIES arrangement of

computer networking
devices. The term Topology
physical, or logical It describes the actual layout
pOI0gY defines the geographic, are linked together.
of a network
computers
the various nodes
or
referst
tne way in which topologies are as followS:
of th hardware. The different
Computer network
BUSTOPOLOGY in the system.
This cable is known
as the backbone
the computers

0 g y , there is a central cable which joins all in the

network typically acts as the
of the computers
direction. One Learning
of the ne
n&
in
Computerswith KIPS 139
one
work. It transmits data only
 This topól6gy
the clients. He Serve
data to all Wondershare
that provides
server, relativelyRemove
small. Watermark
computer
where cable requirement is PDFelement
Used in small networks main cable fails,
topology is that if the
of bus
The main disadvantage this type of
this reason,
becomes unstable. For
the entire network an
networks, such as those covering
topology is not used for large
linear topology.
also known as
entire building. Bus topology is Todes
STAR T O P O L O G Y
Figure 1.2.19: Busilines

in this type of network, each device is Con.

generally server, usin8 a point to point conr onnected to a tent,
a hub. Every computer can communicate ae on. The centra
HUB central computer. Star topology is popular becau. the r
very easy to add a new device to the network as o of itslneowtwotstan
configuration is simple. Moreover, the e: e cable ist
connection in the network fails, the other is robus,
is

the central hub fails, the entire network goes

conne ons remain ir
Figure 1.2.20:Star Topology dow
RING TOPOLOGY

In a ring topology, all the nodes in the network are connected in a circular manner.
Each node connects to exactly two other nodes, forming a single continuous
pathway for signals. When one node sends a message to the other node, which is
t adjacent to it, data travels through all the intermediate nodes until it reaches
its final destination. Ring topologies used in both LAN and WAN setups. The
are
main disadvantage of this
topology is that if one workstation goes down, the entire
network gets affected. Since data
being transferred over the network has to pass
through each workstation, this makes it
slower than a startopology.
MESH TOPoLOGY
Figure 1.2.21: Ring
In mesh network topology, each node Is
To
connected
every other t to
network. In this
topology, every node not only sends its own
data from other nodes. This
type oftopology can handle a
signals, but
commonly used in wireless networks. In case, if one large volumet
the of
always an alternative present so that the componentsfa
data transfer does not
expansion and modifications can be get afeca
done in this topology without afietm
nodes. The overall cost
of this network is
network topologies. extremely as high compare
Figure 1.2.22: Mess Topology
TREE TOPOLOGY
Tree
topology is one of the most common
group of network
star-figured workstations connected setup that consists of a
cable. In tree to a linear
topology, one star network is bus backbone
networks. In a tree connected to the other
network,
Sourc

isolates only the a cable

failure in one of star
star
workstation that is linked to the star network
network, whereas, all the other the central computer of
normally. If a
central workstations will continue to that
Learning computer goes down, the function Tree Topo
Computers with KIPS140 entire
workstations
1.2.23:
Figure
 wI
Wondershare
network

the
Remove Watermark
of
PDFelement
rest
but theenance becomes difficult.
ire,
suffer
with eeither degraded performance or complete
it
will
w i l

the Tree topologY, expansion of network is easy

but mainten
nnectea tion normally. In
t o

ontinue
t of u n c

HYBRIDTOPOLOG oGY

of two or more network

m b r i dt o p o l o s yi s a
combination
networks could be a star, ring, busS,
The indiv dividual
ologies. and ring topologies are used most
mesh, but. the star
oreven Since the existing networks can be
model. Since
in a hybrid

it
adding the necessary hardware,
so
combined
oten by
togetherby

maintain as well
easy to implement,
makes. technology
sHybridtechn

as
s c a l eu p
Topology
Figure 1.2.24:Hybrid Internet
is
words
the
INTERNET other
In
as the
ternet.
of rules
networks around the world is known
set
by a
b a linterconnection ofcomputer Communication over the Internet
is go governed
Control

shown in the Figure 1.2.25.

( T r a n s m i s s i o n

as
Networks a r e TCP/IP
AgO af
used protocols for data transfer over the
Internet a

cols. The commonly

knowna sp r o t o c o

and FTP (File Transfer Protocol).

ainternet Protocol)
Protod

YourPC
ACCESSINGTHE INTERNET Internet

Internet, following things are required:

the
acess
To
is essential to access the Internet,
Computer: A computer
a
laptop, notebook, tablet,
or even
Web Site
it is a desktop,
whether

X7.
smartphone.

Modulator-Demodulator. A
for
Modem stands
Modem: to
hardware device that allows a computer Transmission Controi Protocol/

modem is a Internet Protocol (TCPIP)

line or a cable or
receive data o v e r a telephone
and
send
satellite c o n n e c t i o n .

telephone line,
transmission o v e r an analog
In the case of a c c e s s the The Internet
most popular way to Figure 1.2.25:
the
which was once and
data between analog much fasten
modem converts digital modems are
Internet, the c o m m u n i c a t i o n . Nowadays,
network
time for two-way
digital formats in real hardware.
the need for having
more
eliminating
often are built in the computer, provider (ISP) is an organis
service provider. An Internet service
stands for Internet or wi
An account with an ISP: ISP modem), or direct (hard wired)
Internet via dial-up (using
access the Service Provid
that provides services, to have an account with
an Internet
we must
for Internet access,
connection. Since we have to pay
Vodafone, etc.,
xample: BSNL, MTNL, Airtel, Internet. Google Chrome,
Mozilla Firefox, In
access the
allows us to
orOWSer: software, which
A browser is a

the available browsers.

p/orer, Opera, and Safari are some of
TYPES OF INTERNET CONNECTION
The diferentttypes of connectic are as shown below:
lines and are not eferred these dar
prefer
utilize the telephone
Dial up conn nnections: These types of
connections

Learning
Computers with KIE
 the u s e r to d a
Dial-up
connection
allows

Remove Watermark
one work Wondershare
connection is very
slow. The a time.One
PDFelement
type of to the
Internet.

the phone to
call or
connect
connection that uses th.
e
It is also
a type
of
telephor
DSL (Digital Subscriber
Line):
speed. A DSL filter
removes the
h-frequency ines, bun
high.f-

transferring data
simultaneous
at

use of the
a much higher

telephone and data

connection uses
transmission.

the cable TV
lines and gives fast
access to theace interfeterreennttee,, t
Cable Internet: This type
of
dband Internet.nte
known as. Broadband ins

Breronadebatn,eg n
are
Internet systems
and cable
thatof DSL lines. The DSL Internet simultaneously. A
connect to the
the phone to call and
allows you to use

Internet anywhere with access nost

almost
anywhere
in providing the the
n-speed Internet sg
speed that
Satellite Connection: It helps
from the satellite
allowa user witha dish to have a hinh speeds.
of broadband. Signals
tothat
devices, nowadays the 3G or4G

(Generation)sstaanderendt onmon
Internet on mobile
4G
3G or4G Systems: To use the
and capacity. The 5G is the moste
These standards allow higher data transfer speed
network coverage and speed. It was started around 2014. Airtel launched 5G in Seat 20a-

W-Fi (Wireless Fidelity): It is a popular technology through which computers and n

017.
neratonda
wirelessly over the network. Wireless Internet connects a home or business organiz
radio link between the customer's location and the service provider's facility. Wi-Fi:
is i-Fi the Interne
Internet connection to the remote places, where it is difficult to use wires. Wi-Fi is also sco generally
used withins user
a home, an educational institute or acorporate office to provide wireless Internet to all the
s.
NOTE
The Internet and Wi-Fi two different things. The Internet is a
are
global interconnection of
using radio signals to transmit data from one point to another. As can be computers whs
the Internet
seen in the
wirelessly, Wi-Fi can also connect computers to printers and other
Figure 1.2.25, besidae WEFiingasa
besides connect
Wi-Fi enabled
wires devicec
ithout using
WiMAX stands for
Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave
access the Internet. While Wi-Fi Access. It is a type of
is available up to a distance of around wireless system thatah
over a much 100 feet from the
larger area covering a Router, WiMAI
radius of around 50 km
from the base
transmitting station. The
speed of the
WiMAX connection is around 70
whereas the maximum Mbps Internet providers, NAS

Wi-Fi speed is applications,

around 54 Mbps. and services

Wi-Fi Hotspot: A
Wi-Fi
physical location from hotspot is a Desktop

access to where Wi-Fi

the Internet
is available. A
hotspot could be Callular

Public public or a private one. Internet

able modem
hotspots are
available at WA signal
WHH reuter

restaurants, hotels,
airports. Some hotelsrailway stations, or
for this amenity, charge the clients
whereas most
other public hotspots of the
can be Tablet
reev accessed Smertphene Laptop

Other home networks

A typical home networks with#We

Figure 1 2 2c. 4
 Remove Watermark Wondershare
Aprivateh
ally
hotspot is usually used in homes or offices and In PDFelement
access is only available to those with a password. home
ke smartphones, laptops, tablets, and even desktop
n for which we need to pay certain charges to thecomputers requiring Internet a
rdevices
nternet
ces,
connection,
network provider.

ASSESSMENT TIME
Multiple Choice Questions:
A.
two or more Local Area Networks are combined together we get a . ***********
* **** *

a. PAN
b. WAN c. MAN
forcommunication
of rules used between computers is known
A set as.. *****************

2
a. Protocols
b. Processes c. Laws
******** ... topology every computer is physically connected to all other computers in the newo
In

a. Star
b. Mesh c. Ring
* *

as
backbone, is called
**

The type of network connection which has a central line, known as a

topology.

a. Star
b. Bus c. Ring

Computers are
connected togetherto share.
d. All of these
b. Software C. Files
a. H a r d w a r e

IPstands for ******************************

c. International Protocol
a. Internet Protocol
b. Internet Problems
Internet is called
for transmission over the
from a computer suitable
which makes the digital signals
7. A device
********* e.
********

c. Modem
b. Model
a. T r a n s m i t t e r
..Connection.

connection was the . **********

of Internet
8. The earliest type
Broadband Internet
c. Dial-up
a. Cable Internet
b.
Internet.
to transfer message
through
uses
********** ******'***. . switching technique
9. The TCP/IP .

C. Packet
b. Circuit
a. Message ..topology
results in the.
************

10. The combination of Star and Bus topology

C. Ring
b. Tree
a. Mesh

to all the oth

B. Fill in the Blanks: network can quickly spread
in a computer
one computer
infection on
1. A *** **s*spne******************

of...
*********

breach *********"

computers. network to prevent

on a computer
2. must be installed
pecial software *****************************************"
**********'****°**********"

The full form of TCP is.. connecting

to the
Internet wirelessly.

is a way of . . . of resource
4. well as
Wi-Fi or . ******************************"** . . .

..as
*****************

as both.
each computeracts Internet is
available.
5. peer network, to the
peer to location
from
where Wi-Fi
access

6. A.. is a physical
"**********************

Learning
Computers with KPS
 topology, every
node not only sends Remove
its own
signals but
Watermark Wondershare
In **********************************

als PDFelement

B.
nodes.
The process where the network system creates interconnections between
relays data fr
switching
9. simply copies the information arriving at its input and retra
A...*****
mits it frorm
10.

Security
"*********
are known as "dumb switches"

Wireless Fidelity Repeater Computers

omthe
HINTS Mesh
Virus TransmissionControl Protocol Supplier,consumer Hubs
C. State True or False:
1. When two or more computer systems or other devices are connected
to together
interchange data, then it is known as a network.
2. Backup is one of the disadvantages of a computer network.
5.
Ring topology is the most feasible topology.
Modem and browser are the
requirements to access the Internet.
5. WiMAX stands for
world-wide interaction for microwave access.
6. Private hotspot is not used in offices and
homes.
7. Three types of
switching are circuit switching, message
8 The switching, and passage
Repeater is useful at the time when the network switching,
distorted over a long distance. signal is weakened or
The device which
routes the information around the network is
10 A called a router.
peer-to-peer network is easier to
D.
implement and is less expensive.
Answer the
Following Questions:
Explain the topology used in
2. What is the
transmitting the T.V signals.
difference between
3. What is the
Repeater and Router?
advantage Hybrid topology over
of
What Tree
are dumb switches?
Why are
topology?
5. Name the types of they so called?
Internet connections.
Explain any two.

1. Find out
ACTIVITY ZONE
about the different For Better
Which type of
Internet Internet Service Concept Clarity
Providers that operate
department and find out connection is being used
2. Find the reasons for in your around your educau
instituto

out which
topology is
the choice of Internetschool lab? Meet the hedu Compule

disadvantages. being used in

your
connection.
Divide the class
into three groups
computer laboratory? Scuss its advantages
the class.
and make some
DIscus
4.
Prepare a charts on
presentation on the Network network topologies and b e s tcha

Learning Components and Switching

Computerswith Kipsú44 Technigue