TD 213

TROPICAL
DESIGN

ARCH.,ENP. JACMANUEL
 Module 1 –
Climate &Weather

ARCH.,ENP. JACMANUEL TD 213

WEATHER
• A set of atmospheric conditions prevailing at a
given place and time

CLIMATE
• Characteristic condition of the atmosphere near the earth’s
surface at a certain place on earth
• Includes the general pattern of weather conditions, seasons
and extremes
• Encompasses the statistics of temperature, humidity,
atmospheric pressure, wind, rainfall, atmospheric particle
count and numerous other meteorological elements
MACROCLIMATE
• Climate of the entire region or country

MICROCLIMATE
• Climate pf the immediate environments which are affected
by site features

MONSOONS
• A seasonal prevailing wind which lasts for seven months
URBAN CLIMATE

• Almost every city in the world today is hotter than its

surrounding area
• Urban heat island effect – the difference between
urban and rural temperatures
TROPICAL DESIGN

• Art and science of designing a building that uses

tropical climate as basis upon which design
evolves
IMPORTANCE OF CLIMATIC DESIGN

■ To reduce energy cost of the building

■ To use natural energy instead of mechanical system
and power
■ To provide comfortable and healthy environment for
the people
CLIMATIC ELEMENTS REQUIRED IN
DESIGN
❑ Temperature
❑ Relative humidity
❑ Precipitation
❑ Winds
❑ Sky
❑ Solar radiation
FACTORS AFFECTING CLIMATIC
DESIGN
■ Topography
■ Vegetation
■ Built forms
■ Solar heat gain
■ Conduction heat flow
■ Solar heat flow
■ Shape
■ Building fabric
■ Fenestration
■ Ventilation
KÖPPEN CLIMATE
CLASSIFICATION
■ Most widely used climate classification systems
■ It was developed by the German-Russian climatologist
Wladimir Köppen (1846–1940) in 1884
 Köppen Climate Classification
Scheme
GROUP A GROUP E
TROPICAL POLAR CLIMATES
CLIMATES
GROUP B GROUP D
DRY CLIMATES CONTINENTAL CLIMATES

GROUP C
TEMPERATE CLIMATES
GROUP A

• Tropical Rainforest Climate

• Tropical Monsoon Climate
• Tropical Wet And Dry Or Savanna Climate

GROUP B
• Arid And Semi-arid Climates
 GROUP C

■ Mediterranean Climate
■ Humid Subtropical Climate
■ Maritime Temperate Climate / Oceanic Climate
■ Temperate Climate With Dry Winters
■ Maritime Subarctic Climates / Subpolar Oceanic Climates
GROUP D
• Hot Summer Continental Climate
• Warm Summer Continental / Hemi boreal Climate
• Continental Subarctic With Extremely Severe Winters

GROUP E
• Tundra Climate
• Ice Cap Climate
CHARACTERISTICS OF TROPICAL
CLIMATES
■ Warm Humid
■ Hot Dry
■ Tropical Island Climate
■ Composite
END OF
PRESENTATION