A. P. J.

ABDUL KALAM

1.INTRODUCTION
 Albert Einstein was born in 1879 in Ulm, Germany. He was the first child
born to Hermann and Pauline Einstein.

2. EARLY LIFE AND EDUCATION

Abdul Kalam was born on 15 October 1931 to a Tamil Muslim family in the
pilgrimage center of Rameswaram on Pamban Island .His father
Jainulabdeen was a boat owner and imam of a local mosque,his mother
Ashiamma was a housewife.

He spent hours on his studies, especially mathematics. After completing

his education at the Schwartz Higher Secondary School,
Ramanathapuram, Kalam went on to attend Saint Joseph's College,
Tiruchirappalli, then affiliated with the University of Madras, from where
he graduated in physics in 1954.
 3.KALAM AS A SCIENTIST
Dr. Kalam preferred to become a scientist because he wanted to develop
the level of aeronautical science and its development in India. He played a
major role in heading the Pokhran-II nuclear testing, being the chief
scientific man of the then Prime Minister, leading to him being known as
the best nuclear scientist in the country at that time.

4.ACHIEVEMENTS  OF KALAM
India's first slv (satellite launch vehicle),Nuclear tests in pokhran kalam-raju
stent (universal healthcare plan) ,Kalam-raju tablet ballistic missiles project,He
helped build india's first indigenous hovercraft.
 He was responsible for the successful launch of agni and prithvi missiles.
He served as the first principal scientific advisor to the government of india. 
 Dr. A. P. J. Abdul kalam served as the 11th president of india. 
He is the author of the bestseller book” WINGS OF FIRE”Padma Bhushan (1981)
and Padma Vibhushan (1990), and the highest civilian honor Bharat Ratna
(1997).

5.KALAM'S ROLE IN POLITICS

Kalam served as the Chief Scientific Adviser to the Prime Minister and Secretary of the
Defence Research and Development Organisation from July 1992 to December 1999.
The Pokhran-II nuclear tests were conducted during this period in which he played an
intensive political and technological role.
 .

6.KALAM AND CHILDREN

Kalam loved to personally take classes and teach children. In his Children's Day
interaction with school children in 2005, he told the young children who had
assembled from different parts of the country, that apart from excelling in studies,
they should also strive to become good human beings

7. CONCLUSION
Abdul Kalam was really a true legend for the youngsters of the country. He has
inspired the new generation of the country through his whole life, career, workings
and writings. He still lives in the heart of Indian people as the People's President
and Missile Man.
 ALBERT EINSTEIN

1. INTRODUCTION
Albert Einstein was the Theoretical Physicist, of German origin. He
is the one who developed a pillar of modern Physics, the Theory of
Relativity. Be it is his mass-energy equivalence formula or his law of
photoelectric effect, the theories he postulated changed the history
of science forever.

2. EARLY LIFE AND EDUCATION

Albert Einstein was born in 1879 in Ulm, Germany. He was the first
child born to Hermann and Pauline Einstein.

At the age of 5, he joined the Catholic Elementary School in Munich

where he received his primary and secondary school education.. He
believed that due to so many strict rules and regulations in the school,
the creative mind of children was lost and they only knew the strict
rote learning. Einstein was thrown out of school too many times due to
this behaviour of his. So he moved to Switzerland for his education He
received a bachelor's degree from Swiss Federal Polytechnic in 1900
and a PhD from the University of Zurich in 1905.
 3. EINSTEIN 'S CAREER AS A SCIENTIST

His research spanned from quantum mechanics to theories about

gravity and motion. After publishing some groundbreaking papers,
Einstein toured the world and gave speeches about his discoveries. In
1921 he won the Nobel Prize for Physics for his discovery of the
photoelectric effect.

4. PUBLICATIONS
During the years from 1901 to 1954 Albert Einstein published more than
300 scientific works.He got his-annus mirabilis-in 1905. He
revolutionized the physics of his time with 5 works he published that
year.Eg: The Meaning of Relativity, Out of My Later Years, The New
Quotable Einstein,Ideas and Opinions
 5. AWARDS AND HONOURS
The whole world celebrates Albert Einstein's birthday on 14 March as
World Genius Day. He had published more than 300 research papers
on science in his life and had contributed to the advancement of
science. This is the reason that Times magazine has awarded Albert
Einstein the title of Person of the Century. Einstein received numerous
awards and honours, and in 1922, he was awarded by the Nobel Prize in
Physics "for his services to theoretical physics, and especially for his
discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect".

6. EINSTEIN - AS A MESSENGER OF PEACE

Albert Einstein worked for world peace by informing

the American government about the atomic bomb and
later writing to them about a world government. He was
deeply involved in politics in his later years, agitating
for an end to the arms buildup and using his popularity
to campaign for peace and democracy

7.CONCLUSION
Albert Einstein was one of the best scientists, mathematicians, and
physicists of the 20th century. He is a famous and known name in the
world of Physics, he also achieved a lot, and was awarded the Nobel
Prize for his commendable research and accomplishments.