RTFI Q&E (CTMS 308196) PARTICIPANT INFORMATION DRYING The final process is drying which is usually accomplished by placing the film in a drying cabinet that has circulating warm air. Drying time is affected by temperature and air circulation. Figure 20 illustrates a typical darkroom processing station. DEVELOP ORYER = STOP BATH Figure 20. Typical darkroom processing station 32RTFI Q&E (CTMS 308196) PARTICIPANT INFORMATION FILM HANDLING A film interpreter should be able to recognize any unwanted blemishes on the film caused by poor handling in the darkroom. Some of these imperfections include: 0 coo ooo ooo ooo film scratches light leaks fogged film static marks chemical stains streaks. water marks finger marks crimp marks dirt lint damaged intensifying screens uneven development 33RTFI Q&E (CTMS 308196) PARTICIPANT INFORMATION FILM HANDLING (CONT'D) Film scratches will appear on the film as dark lines if before processing and as light lines if after processing. Care should be taken so as not to scratch film when loading and unloading the film from the film holder. Another common cause of film scratches is by scraping a film hanger on a film while processing Light leaks are usually caused by damaged film holders and are dark areas normally seen on the edges of the film. Fogged film can be caused by light leaks in the darkroom, excessive exposure to safelight, film not protected from radiation, heat, chemicals, humidity and overdevelopment. Static marks which occur from static electricity are caused by mishandling of the film. They appear on the film as a dark “bird foot’ image. Static marks can be caused by loading the film into the holder too rapidly, creating friction which causes static marks. Figure 21 shows static marks. STATIC MARKS. Figure 21RTFI Q&E (CTMS 308196) PARTICIPANT INFORMATION FILM HANDLING (CONT'D) Chemical stains and streaks are caused by poor processing techniques from intermixing chemicals or splashing chemicals on the film. Figure 22 shows water splashed on the film before development on the left side and developer splashed on the film before development on the right side. Figure 22,RTFI Q&E (CTMS 308196) PARTICIPANT INFORMATION FILM HANDUNG (CONT'D) Figure 23 shows stop bath splashed on the film before development on the left side and fixer splashed on the film before development on the right side Figure 23. Water marks are caused by improper drying of the film or from not using a wetting agent prior to drying. Care should be taken not to impose fingerprints on the film while handling,