NUMERICAL METHODS (EP207)

ASSIGNMENT 2

NAME: 1. AINGGARARUBAN A/L GANESHAN

ID: 1. 1001642979

LECTURER: Dr. Thung Wei Eng

SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING
FACULTY OF ENGINEERING, TECHNOLOGY & BUILT
ENVIRONMENT
2020
Chapter 4: Interpolation

Problem Statement
A numerical method was required to obtain interpolated values from a set of data that was made
available through experimentation. This is essential as there are limitations to how many times
the experiment can be repeated within a range of values, and as such provides an accurate way to
obtain the desired data from the already available data. When it comes to the practical side, the
approaches provided are convenient because they remove the need to analyse mathematical
equations that explain the various curves, which can be tedious and time consuming in the case of
non-automated accounts. The question of interpolation consists primarily of finding a function
that accepts arbitrarily given values at certain points, so-called nodes, in a chosen interval.

The efficiency and power produced by an internal combustion engine by using Castrol chemical
engineers using a new type of lubricant(engine oil) was tested in a controlled laboratory using a
typical engine dynamometer. The results obtained are showed in the table below in increasing
RPM. Use Newton-Interpolation in 3rd order to determine the power output when its running at
2600rpm.

No. 𝒙 [rpm] 𝑷𝒆 [kW]

1 1200 2400
2 1400 3650
3 1800 4650
4 2200 5390
5 2700 6000
6 3000 6400

Answer
When using 3rd order, 4 points are selected. Cubic interpolation gives a higher accuracy and is
closer to the actual value as compared to to 1st and 2nd order. The points selected are justified
because value to be found is in between all the selected values, giving greater accuracy to the
actual value. The values of x and power are extracted and tabulated as below;

i 𝑥 [rpm] 𝑓(𝑥) ,𝑃𝑒 [kW]

0 1800 4650
1 2200 5390
2 2700 6000
3 3000 6400

𝑏0 = 𝑓(𝑥0 ) = 4650
𝑓(𝑥1 ) − 𝑓(𝑥0) 5390 − 4650
𝑏1 = = = 1.8500
𝑥1 − 𝑥0 2200 − 1800
𝑓(𝑥2 ) − 𝑓(𝑥1 ) 𝑓(𝑥1 ) − 𝑓(𝑥0 ) 6000 − 5390 5390 − 4650
− −
𝑥2 − 𝑥1 𝑥1 − 𝑥0
𝑏2 = = 2700 − 2200 2200 − 1800 = −7.0 × 104
𝑥2 − 𝑥0 2700 − 1800
𝑓(𝑥3 ) − 𝑓(𝑥2 ) 𝑓(𝑥2 ) − 𝑓(𝑥1 ) 𝑓(𝑥2) − 𝑓(𝑥1 ) 𝑓(𝑥1) − 𝑓(𝑥0 )
− −
𝑥3 − 𝑥2 𝑥2 − 𝑥1 𝑥2 − 𝑥1 𝑥1 − 𝑥0
−
𝑥3 − 𝑥1 𝑥2 − 𝑥0
𝑏3 =
𝑥3 − 𝑥0
6400 − 6000 6000 − 5390 6000 − 5390 5390 − 4650
3000 − 2700 − 2700 − 2200 − 2700 − 2200 − 2200 − 1800
𝑏3 = 3000 − 2200 2700 − 1800 = 7.0139 × 107
3000 − 1800

Cubic interpolation
𝑓3 (𝑥) = 𝑏0 + 𝑏1 (𝑥 − 𝑥0 ) + 𝑏2 (𝑥 − 𝑥0 )(𝑥 − 𝑥1 ) + 𝑏3 (𝑥 − 𝑥0 )(𝑥 − 𝑥1)(𝑥 − 𝑥2 )
𝑓3 (2600) = 4650 + 1.8500(2600 − 1800) + (−7.0 × 104 )(2600 − 1800)(2600 − 2200)
+ (7.0139 × 107 )(2600 − 1800)(2600 − 2200)(2600 − 2700)
𝑓3 (2600) = 5883.5556 𝑘𝑊
MatLab

Chapter 5: Numerical Differentiation and Integration

Problem Statement
Heat calculations are employed routinely in chemical engineering for various applications
involving reactions. The characteristic that is needed to carry out to carry out the calculations is
the heat capacity, c. This represents the quantity of heat energy required to raise a unit mass by a
unit of temperature. Usually the heat capacity remains constant over a fixed range of temperature,
but when the temperature exceeds the range(which is the case for many applications), it varies
according to a fitted curve based on the data. The heat capacity of Material A is given by the
following relationship:
𝑐(𝑇) = 0.556 + (1.67 × 10−4 )𝑇 − (3.54 × 10−7)𝑇 2
A chemical engineer was required to compute the amount of heat needed to increase 1500g of
Material A from -200 to 200℃ using Simpson’s rule with 50℃ increments.

Answer

The amount of heat needed can be given by the following equation:

𝑇2
∆𝐻 = 𝑚 ∫ 𝑐(𝑇) 𝑑𝑇
𝑇1

The value of c(T) can be calculated by substituting the value of temperature. The temperature and
corresponding c(T) are shown in the table below.

Number of n T, ℃ c(T), 𝑐𝑎𝑙⁄𝑔 ∙ ℃

0 -200 0.5084
1 -150 0.5230
2 -100 0.5358
3 -50 0.5468
4 0 0.5560
5 50 0.5635
6 100 0.5692
7 150 0.5731
8 200 0.5752
Since the number of n obtained is 8 that is within the range specified, Simpson’s 1/3 rule will be
applied.

n -1 n-2
f ( x0 ) + 4 å f (x ) + 2 å f (x ) + f (x )
i j n

I @ (b - a ) i =1, 3,5.. j =2 , 4 , 6..

3n
𝐼
= (200
0.5084 + 4[0.5230 + 0.5468 + 0.5635 + 0.5731] + 2[0.5358 + 0.5560 + 0.5962] + 0.5752
− (−200))
3(8)
I = 220.5120

∆𝐻 = 1500(220.5120) = 330,768 𝑐𝑎𝑙

Exact solution
200
∆𝐻 = 1500 ∫ [0.556 + (1.67 × 10−4)𝑇 − (3.54 × 10−7 )𝑇 2 ] 𝑑𝑇
−200

59𝑡 3 167𝑡 2 139𝑡 200

∆𝐻 = 1500 [− + + ]
500000000 2000000 250 −200
∆𝐻 = 1500(220.5120)
∆𝐻 = 330,768 𝑐𝑎𝑙

The solution for Simpson’s rule is exactly the same as the true value.

MatLab