Dr. S. R.

Lahoti
Professor
Y. B. Chavan College of Pharmacy, Aurangabad
Theoretical good Reasons :
Drive for research.
Becoming an expert in specific area.
Intellectual Thrust
To achieve something significant
To discover or learn something new
Practical Reasons:
To get good Job/ Promotion/ Job Change
Insecurity
Peer pressure
You are having time and opportunity
Just to have highest qualification or Dr.
In PhD, a health student-mentor relationship is very important in creating a
productive outcome .
Selection of Guide/ Mentor:
➢ Expertise/ Specialization
➢ Do I respect this person?
➢ What are my research goals?
➢ Compatibility
➢ Other personality traits
➢ Understand your limits
➢ Choose someone that motivates you
➢ Good balance between being a scientist and a mentor
Choose wisely and avoid years of tears
 Your expertise
 Guide expertise
 Feasibility
 Latest and in-depth literature survey
 Find out research Gaps
 Current development
 Understand difference between Post graduation and PhD research work.
 Novelty
 Don’t be overenthusiastic and unrealistic
 Capable of giving you at least two Research paper with good Impact factor
 Thrust areas of funding agencies
 Small topic with big outcome
 Decide the duration of completion
 Plan and pursue time schedule/ activity chart
 Meet your guide very frequently
 Continue reading latest literature related to topic
 Work smart
 Attend seminar and conferences
 Prepare and Publish review article related to your topic
 Avoid procrastination
 Find the various facilities for outsource in advance
 Make an association/ Collaboration/ effective network
 Make daily dairy/ workbook
 Be focused on publication
 Good documentation practice
 Apply maximum statistics, software, models and study maximum parameters.
 Learn how to deal rejections/ negative results
 Pre-PhD synopsis ( for registration)

 Research Proposals for funding

 Final synopsis ( After completion of work)

 PhD thesis

 Research Papers/ Patents

 Title  Title
 Introduction  Introduction
 Hypothesis  Hypothesis
 Objectives  Objectives
 Methodology
 Methodology
 Chapter wise summary of results
 Experimental Plan
 Overall Conclusion
 Expected Outcome
 List of Publications/Presentations
 Tentative chapter Scheme
 References

Pre-PhD synopsis Final synopsis

( for registration) ( After completion of work)
➢Startwriting from day one.
➢Plan the structure of your thesis carefully with your guide

➢Remember that more is not always better.

➢May be traditional way or each part separate.

➢Check plagiarism at each level.

➢Link each chapter with each other

➢Uniform style and fonts

➢The results should be explained with reasons.

➢Conclusion match with objective

➢Avoid repetition of results : in text, table and figure.

➢Limit Introduction
 Literature review from latest to old
 Specially in objective novelty should be reflected
 Limitations of study
 Appropriate grammar (Specially tenses)
 Don’t discuss general methods/ Standard methods in detail
 Units, abbreviations, symbols should be uniform and Std.
 Proper citation of tables and figures.
 Avoid religious photos, any remarks at start.
 Write abstract at start
 Results and discussions at one place will be easy to understand and correlate
 While saving thesis incomplete thesis save with date in file name.
 Read and get read.
 Self criticism
 Due care for references writing and citing.
Referencing styles
 Harvard style of referencing.

 American Psychological Association style (APA) .

 Vancouver style.

 MLA citation style (Modern Language Association ).

 The Chicago manual of style .

 Royal society of chemistry style.

 Never use ‘&’

Reference Citation styles: APA style with authors name with year, Numbers
 Be pro-active
 Feedback
 Good quality writing
 Proper record and filing
 Follow all time lines, University deadlines and regulations
 Come with tentative solutions
 Thorough and critical reading
Active adherence to the ethical principles and professional standards essential
for the responsible researcher.
Integrity characterizes both individual researchers and the institutions
➢Intellectual honesty
➢ Plagiarism
➢Protection of human subjects
➢Humane care of animals
➢Due credit/ acknowledgement to contributor
➢ Manage individual and institutional conflicts of interest
➢Proper utilization of Research funds
➢ Compliance with law
➢Authorship in Publication
➢Research Misconduct: Fabrication, Falsification, Plagiarism,
Misrepresentation
➢Institutional Guidelines for good research practice.
 Patents
▪ Patent Vs Publication
▪ Who will owner of patent
▪ When to apply for patent
▪ No publication, if you want to patent
▪ Provisional or Complete application
▪ At least make up to publication stage of patent
An exclusive right granted by a country to the owner of an invention to make, use,
manufacture and market the invention, provided the invention satisfies certain conditions
stipulated in the law.
Types of patent:
1) Independent Indian patent
2) Patent of addition
3) Convention application with priority date
4) National Phase PCT application
5) Divisional Patent application
6) Provisional application
Characteristics of Patent:
 Exclusive rights
 Limited period
 Can be revoked by the country
 Can be gifted, sold, licensed
 Territorial in nature
 Required format
What is patentable?
Process, method, manner of manufacture, Machine, apparatus, any chemical, product.
 Novelty
 Non-obviousness (Inventiveness)
 Usefulness
Essential patent documents:
 Provisional Specification :
When delay is expected, To get priority
date, Followed by complete specification
with in 12 months with grace of 3
months.
 Complete Specification:
1) Title of invention
2) Field of invention
3) Background of invention
4) Objective of invention
5) Summary of invention
6) Complete description
7) Drawing if essential
8) Claims