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• Integrated Farming (IF) is a whole farm
management system which aims to deliver
more sustainable agriculture
• Farming is process of harnessing solar energy
in the form of economic plant and animal
products.
• System implies a set of practices and
processes organized into functional entity.
• According to pillay (1990)
basic principle is utilization of the
synergetic effects of inter related farm activities
and conservation, including the full utilization of
farm waste.
• It is based on concept that ‘there is no waste’
and ‘waste is only a misplaced resource.’ which
become valuable material for another product.
Four primary goals of IFS are
• Maximization of yield of all component enterprises
to provide steady and stable income.
• Rejuvenation of systems productivity and achieve
agro-ecological equilibrium.
• Avoid build up of insect pests, diseases and weed
population through natural cropping system and
keep them at low level of intensity.
• Reducing use of chemicals.
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• Forestry
• Sericulture
• Kitchen
gardening
• Nursery
• Seed production
vermiculture
• value addition

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Elements of integrated farming system

• Watershed
• Farm ponds
• Bio-pesticides
• Bio-fertilizers
• Plant products as
pesticides
• Bio-gas
• Solar energy
• Compost making
• Green manuring
• Rain water harvesting

Key principles • Ecological sustainability:

• cyclic combining ecological sustainability
Farming system is essentially cyclic. and economic viability, the integrated
Therefore management decisions related to livestock farming system maintains and
one component may effect the others. improves agricultural productivity while also
• Rational reducing negative environmental impacts.
Rational use of crop resource is major
route to get out of poverty.
For resource poor farmers the correct
management of crop residues, together with
an optimal allocation of scarce resources, leads
to sustainable production.

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Multipurpose crops
Fuel Different integrated farming system are :-
Food
By-products/recidue
fibre
• Integrated fish-livestock farming system
Milk • Integrated crop-livestock farming system
Plant
Meat
nutrients Water plants Animals Work
Following enterprises could be combined
Pond
Eggs • Agricultural + livestock
excreta • Agricultural + livestock + poultry
Biogas plant
• Agricultural + horticulture + sericulture
Fish • Agricultural + silvipasture
• Agricultural (rice) + fish culture
Biogas and fertilizer
• Agricultural(rice) + fish+ mushroom cultivation
• Agricultural + apiary
Different components and resource flow in
• Agricultural + duckery + poultry
multi-enterprise agriculture model

Duck cum fish farming system:- • While the usual pond fish raising may produce
about 4 tons of fish per hectare, the integration
• An integration system of duck production with fish farming. system may produce more than 10 tons per
• Experiment conducted in Bangladesh:- hectare(12.2-19.5 tons ) of 2 to 3.9 times more.
• Ponds stocked with 7500 carp fingerlings/ha with 200, 400 • Duck usually consumes tadpoles, mosquitoes and
and 500 khaki Campbell ducks /ha. dragon fly larvae which are not consumed by fish.
• Resulted production found that 1.82,3.15 and 4.50
• And another advantage is feed on snails which
tons/ha/year respectively as compared to the control pond
with 0.49tons/ha. are vectors for fish parasite and not only fertilize
• The avg, egg production is 240 eggs/duck/year.
ponds also release nutrients from pond soil by
dabbling activity.
• After several trails it has been founded that avg, fish yield
of 5.68 tons/ha/year, which was 5 to 7 times higher than
normal fish yield.(Nuruzzaman,1991).
• Jhingran and sharma (1980) reported that fish yield was
4.32 tons/ha/year in duck cum fish farming in India.

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Integrated layer chicken cum fish

farming Integrated chicken cum fish farming
• Integration of layer chicken - fish farming
operation.
• In this birds kept at the floor over the pond in
which droppings drop directly into pond .
• In this skilled management require, but it is
proves economically and technically viable at
farmers conditions.
• Economic analysis:- net profit of
Tk.219.836.00/ha/year with fish production of
4.89 tons/ha/year(nuruzzaman,1991).

Broiler cum fish farming
• It is also successful system practised in small
number , economic analysis showed that is
economically and technically highly viable.
• But it has some limitation in rural areas like
regular supply of day-old chicks with two
month interval and marketing of broilers could
pose problems in rural areas.
• In poultry fish farming 500 birds is enough to
fertilize one hectare pond area.
• The yield of about 3.9t/ha/yr has been
obtained in composite culture system stocked
@8000 fish/ha.
• Faster growth rate and high survival rate were
recorded when a mixture of cowdung and
poultry droppings was used.

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Integrated goat cum fish farming:- Integrated goat cum fish farming:-
• It is combined production of goat along
with fish farming.
• Libunao(1990) reported that fish feed
produced in the ponds with goat manure
is efficiently utilized by the fish biomass.
• He also mentioned that tilapia increased
with rate of goat manure loading.
• Study of production of fishes is not yet
studied.

Integrated rice cum fish farming Rice-fish-prawn culture:

• Rice cum shrimp culture practice in • Fish cultured in trench or
southern part of Bangladesh is known canal dugs in paddy fields
as “gher method”. in low lying areas yielded
Advantages:- 700kg/ha fish along with
5.5ton/ha of paddy.
• Reduced cost of rice cultivation through
• There as greater potential
removal of weeds, insects and pest that are
consumed by fish. for culture of air
breathing fish in paddy
• Increased fertilization. fields as they can with
• Provision of feed for fish (Pollen grains) stand low water and
• Increased production of fish and rice. oxygen levels.

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Fish farming cum Horticulture
• Mulberry plants are grown on and around
• Pond banks provide suitable place which is
economically useful for raising fruit plants like
banana,papaya and vegetables.
• Silk is extracted from silkworms which are
• Pakistan using pond dicks for cultivation of
fodder, napier grass, sudan grass, maize and
alfa alfa which are useful as food for animals
as well as grass carp.( ultimately cutting down
production cost).
Integration of pig-
duck-fish-vegetables
systems
• It is involving pig production , fish farming, duck
keeping and vegetable production(Devendra and
fuller,1979) is widely practised in china and south
east Asia.
• In this system based on use of pond which not only
meets needs of pigs but also enables fish and ducks
to be kept, water is also useful for vegetable
production.
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Fish farming-cum-sericulture
pond dikes which are irrigated with pond
water.
reared on mulberry leaves while remaining
pupae(having high protein content) are fed to
fish and excellent growth of fishes is recorded.
In pig and fish farming:
• Number of piglets generally recommended is
100 per ha (or 1 piglet per 100m2 of pond).
• In china fish pond stocked -60,000 fingerlings
per ha(avg 20-30 gms) of different species
raised together with about 45-75 pigs/ha
between 2-18 tons of fish and 4 to 7 t of pigs
per ha/year(Pilley,1990).
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Fish used in practice

• Silver carp, big head – herbivores –higher level
of water (surface).
• Grass carp –carnivore- stay in middle.
• Common carp-omnivore – stay in bottom.

Management of pond:-
• Over fertilization with manure lead to poor
quality of pond water, particularly depletion of
oxygen and fish kills.
• Management of water quality , promoting
growth of phytoplankton to generate oxygen
to maintain positive photosynthesis.
• Stocking rate.
• Plankton analysis.
• Limnology- physico-chemical properties of
water.
• Natural depression or excavated land are to be
avoided.,

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• Depth 1.5 to 3.0 m is good.

• clay or loamy soil type having PH 6.5-7.5 is
good.
• Detoxication: killing of weeds of undesirable
and unwanted fishes by mahua cake.
• Time of stocking and harvesting:-stock in june
-sep and harvest after 12 months.
• Growth of fish affected if temp below 18 to 20
degree Celsius.

Advantages of IFS • To avoid piling of waste.

• Increased productivity through increased economic
yield per unit area per time.
• Improved profitability achieved due to recycling of
waste of enterprise as energy inputs for other
system.
• Greater sustainability in production.
• Integration of different production systems.(solve
malnutrition)
• To provide cash availability, flow of money
round the year.
• Solving energy crises.
• Silvi pasture system reduces pressure on
forests.
• System forces entrepreneur to know more
things to improve literacy rate.
• Provide opportunity for the growth of agri
oriented industries.
• Involvement of rural women in production

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Constraints:-
• Nutritional values of crop residues are generally
low in digestibility and protein content. physical
and chemical treatment of these residues is
technically possible. Expensive to poor farmers.
• Crop residues are primarily soil regenerators.
• Intensive recycling can cause nutrient losses.
• Farmers prefer use of chemical fertilizer instead
of manure bcze it acts faster and easy to apply.
• Resource investments are required to improve
intake and digestibility of crop residues.
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challenges
• Develop strategies and promote crop livestock
synergies and interactions that aim to
1. Integrate crop and livestock effectively with
careful land use.
2. Raise the productivity specific mixed crop
livestock systems.
3. Facilitate expansion of food production.
4. Simultaneously safeguard the environment
and make efficient use of natural resources.
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