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electrical (fine tuning with the KLM model) methods. The main properties of
matching layers are listed in section 2.4.1, "Matching Layer and Cable
Requirements."

2.4.1 Matching Layer and Cable Requirements

The key points of matching layer and cable requirements are:

• Optimization of the mechanical energy transfer

• Influence on the pulse duration
• Contact protection for piezocomposite elements (wear resistance)
• Layer thickness of/4
The maximum electrical efficiency is obtained when the probe is matched to
the electrical impedance of both the transmitter and the receiver. The KLM
model6 takes into account all the steps along the transmission line of electrical
signals.

A good cable should have the following properties:

• Minimum gain drop due to cable length

• Low impedance—the ideal is 50
• Elimination/reduction of the cable reflections (cable speed: 2/3 vlight)
• Mechanical endurance for bending, mechanical pressure, accidental
drops
• Water resistance for all wires
• Avoidance of internal wire twists

A high value of d33 g33 represents a good transmitting-receiving energy. A

low mechanical Q means that the transducer has a higher bandwidth and better
axial resolution. The damping material placed behind the crystal can increase the
bandwidth value. The main properties of the backing material
are listed in section 2.4.2, "Backing Material."

2.4.2 Backing Material

The key features of backing material are:

• Attenuation of high-amplitude echoes reflected back from the crystal face

(high acoustic attenuation)
• Influence on pulse duration (damping)

Rev 0 Oct 2011 Page 29 of 186

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